5. GREETINGS FROM THE PRESIDENT,
JUAN MANUEL SANTOS
We are in the decade of Latin America, and Colombia in particular is
doing exceptionally well at the moment, positioning itself as one of
the region’s most dynamic destinations.
2012 was an exceptional year. We have managed to achieve positive
results in all our indicators, recording the highest level of direct
foreign investment in history, one of the lowest inflation rates in
Latin America, a positive fiscal situation that has come very close to
equilibrium and a continually falling rate of unemployment.
Colombia is currently the third most business-friendly country in
Latin America, the greatest reformer in the region and the number
one country for investor protection, according to the World Bank’s
Doing Business report. The country has also been recognised by the
Heritage Foundation as one of the markets where economic freedom
provides opportunities to generate positive and visible results in
terms of prosperity.
We have taken important steps towards integration in the global
community: free trade agreements with almost all the countries of
the Americas, EFTA and, in the near future, the European Union; 22
international investment agreements with over 40 countries, and 16
double taxation agreements.
These are factors that make our nation a safe and strategic
destination for foreign companies with plans for expansion. To such
companies I would like to highlight the capacity and creativity of
Colombia’s human resources, its geographical location, which makes
it an attractive platform for exports and connections with the rest
of the world, as well as the introduction of fiscal measures to ensure
long-term sustainability, and a stable and efficient legal system that
protects investment.
In this brochure, you will find specific information about Colombia
- based on figures and statistics sourced from both national and
international organisations - which demonstrates the benefits and
opportunities the country has to offer for profitable and lasting
investments.
International leaders, major companies and specialist media
all know that Colombia is one of the rising stars with greatest
prospects for economic expansion. We are at an exciting moment
in our development, so for those who want to plant their seeds in
profitable, safe and stable ground, the answer is Colombia.
Juan Manuel Santos Calderón
President of the Republic
10. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
10
BRANCHES OF PUBLIC POWER
The Insular Region
EXECUTIVE
LEGISLATIVE
JUDICIAL
The Caribbean Region
The Andean Region
The Orinoquia Region
(The Eastern Plains)
The Pacific Region
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
The Amazon Region
The country has 32 department states and six main
regions (Caribbean, Pacific, Andean, Orinoquia, the
Amazon and Insular). Colombia possesses multiple facets
of development and nine metropolitan areas each with a
population of over 500.000 inhabitants: Bogotá, Medellín,
Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Cúcuta, Bucaramanga, Ibagué
and the coffee-growing region or Cultural Coffee Landscape
(Manizales, Pereira and Armenia).
11. Invest in COLOMBIA
11
47.1 million
inhabitants
(2012 - DANE)
41 inhabitants/
Km2 (2012 DANE)
GDP
GDP
GDP
GDP
(2012-Banco
de La
República)
Per Capita (Nominal,
2012-Banco de la
República)
Per Capita
(PPA, 2012EIU)
Growth
(2012-Banco de
La República)
(2012-DANE)
(2012-Banco
de la
República)
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
US$369.5 billion
US$7,933
US$10,350
4.0%
10.4%
2.4%
US$ 60.7 billion
(2012 - DANE)
US$ 59.1 billion
(2012 - DANE)
94.1%
(2012 - DANE)
75.22 years
(2012 - DANE)
UNEMPLOYMENT
INFLATION
RATE
RATE
X
M
13. Peru
321
Norway
254 320
Chile
Vietnam
New
Zealand
232
Denmark
136
Israel
248
Singapore
Note: GDP in accordance with Purchasing Power Parity - PPP - prices
Source: EIU - Economist Intelligence
Unit. 2013.
COLOMBIA IS
THE WORLD’S
28TH LARGEST
ECONOMY AND ONE
OF THE LARGEST NONOECD COUNTRIES
2011 2012
2006
2005
2004
324 326
370
Hong
Kong
6,817
2003
Sweden
GDP (PPP)2012 BILLIONS.
LATIN AMERICA.
GDP
PER CAPITA (PPP)
2000- 2012 US$
Note: GDP in accordance with
Purchasing Power Parity - PPP - prices
Source: EIU - Economist Intelligence
Unit. 2013.
2002
402
Switzerland
8,838
2001
412
Philippines
2000
420
Belgium
2007
434
Malaysia
2008
497
Colombia
13
Invest in COLOMBIA
498
Mexico
2010
2.060
Brazil
9,920
2009
2.359
FAVOURABLE MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
US$10.350
5,826
COLOMBIA’S GDP PER
CAPITA IS CLOSE TO
US$11,000
14. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
14
MACROECONOMIC
STABILITY AND
DYNAMIC LONGTERM ECONOMIC
PERFORMANCE
15.6
14.1 13.7
7.0
2.5
6.5
5.3
5.5
3.9
In 2012, the Colombian economy grew by 4.0%, a percentage
which is higher than the growth of the world economy (3.3%)
and of Latin America and the Caribbean, which was 3.0%. It is
expected to reach a figure close to 4.1% (FMI) by the end of the
year. The results obtained are also in line with expectations
for growth over the four-year period, which is forecast to be
around 6.2% for 2014.
In 2012 the country presented its highest level of international
reserves US$37.5 billion and a low level of inflation 2.44%. The
unemployment rate has been declining steadily over the last
few years, reaching a historic minimum of 10.4% at the end
of 2012.
GDP, inflation, and rate of unemployment 2002 - 2016 Annual average. % Projectable
11.8 12.0 11.2 11.3 12.0 11.8
10.8 10.4
10.1
6.7
4.7
4.9
4.5
6.9 7.7
5.7
3.5
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
6.6
2.0
4.0
1.7
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
p: Projectable. e: Estimate.
9.9 9.7 9.3
4.0
3.7
2.4
4.7
4.9 4.9 4.7
3.1
3.1
2.9
2.9
2011 2012 2013p 2014p 2015p 2016p
Source: DANE, Banco de la República. EIU - Economist Intelligence Unit, 2013.
GDP
INFLATION
16. Population: 2013p.* Millions of inhabitants
Source: DANE; EIU - Economist Intelligence Unit, 2013.
*P:Estimate.
COLOMBIA HAS THE 23
LARGEST POPULATION
IN THE WORLD AND THE
SECOND LARGEST SPANISH
SPEAKING POPULATION
AFTER MEXICO
7.9
7.1
6.6
6.1
4.4
3.9
3.8
Switzerland
Hong Kong
Israel
Norway
Singapore
New
Zealand
8.8
Sweden
10.2
Czech
v
Chile
19.0 15.2
Australia
Malaysia
Peru
30.3 25.5
22.9
Canada
46.6
South
Korea
Colombia
47.1
Austria
98.62
Mexico
PROEXPORT.COM.CO
16
17. 1.0
0.5
Medellin
2.4
Cucuta
0.6
Bogota
7.5
Colombia is a young and dynamic country
in which 55% of the population is under 30
years of age.
47.1 MILLIONS
25.9 MILLIONS
Total population 2013*
Total population in metropolitan
areas
2.3
The cultural
landscape of the
coffee-growing
region (Cultural
Coffee Landscape):
Pereira, Manizales,
Armenia.
1.1
Ibague
0.5
City Populations include surrounding metropolitan areas
Source: DANE.
*Forecast.
17
Invest in COLOMBIA
1.2
18. 30
Colombia is the third most business-friendly,
and the most reformative country in Latin
America. Similarly, it holds sixth place in
the world and first in the region in terms
of protecting its investors according to the
World Bank’s Doing Business report 2013.
Colombia
16
Panama
8
Costa Rica
7
Mexico
3
Peru
0
Venezuela
-2
Ecuador
-13
-8
Brazil
Chile
Source: The Doing Business Report, 2013 - The World Bank.
Positive statistics indicate an improvement in business environment.
Argentina
-21
PROEXPORT.COM.CO
18
33
43
44
53
62
122
116
128
134
179
37
43
45
48
61
110
124
130
139
180
21. The Economic Freedom Index, analyzing the policy
development of 184 countries, has recognised Colombia
as being one of the markets in the region in which
economic freedom is allowing it to generate both
positive and visible results in terms of prosperity.
Invest in COLOMBIA
21
23. BBB
24/apr./2013
A–2
16/mar./2011
Stable
BBB +
5/mar./2007
A-2
5/mar./2007
22/jun./2011
22/jun./2011
Standard & Poor’s is the first of the main rating agencies to
improve the outlook of Colombia’s sovereign debt to positive:
22/jun./2011
“The effective implementation of fiscal policy reforms could improve
its financial profile, reduce debt and the government’s interest burden.”
7/feb./2012
Positive
- Standard & Poor’s, August, 2012.
Positive
August 2012.
23
Invest in COLOMBIA
In 2013 Standard & Poor’s raised its outlook on Colombia’s foreign
debt to positive, based on the effective implementation of tax
reforms, providing the country with a stronger financial outlook.
24. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
24
CDS INDEX
*Average 2012.
*Credit Default Swap Index.
Measures the difference between the
interest rate paid for a Colombian
bond in dollars abroad against the
rate paid for a US bond. CDS as at
31 December, 2012. Less difference
implies lower country risk.
Source: La República newspaper.
Bloomberg. CDS at 31 December,
2012.
97.23bp
119.43bp
120.07bp
130.05bp
130.06bp
1118.77bp 153.23bp
France
25. ITS LOW RISK PERCEPTION IS
ACKNOWLEDGED BY INTERNATIONAL
MARKETS, BASED ON THE
ECONOMY’S POSITIVE STATE OVER
THE PAST FEW YEARS.
Invest in COLOMBIA
25
CDS INDEX* Average 2012.
250
230
210
190
Colombia
170
Brazil
150
Chile
130
Mexico
110
Colombia
Brazil
Dec.
Oct.
Nov.
Sep.
Jul.
Aug.
Jun.
Apr.
2011
May.
Mar.
Oct.
Nov.
Sep.
Jul.
Aug.
Jun.
Apr.
May.
Mar.
Feb.
Feb.
France
50
Dec.
Peru
70
Jan.
90
Jan.
COLOMBIA’S RISK
PERCEPTION
CONTINUES TO
IMPROVE AND IS ONE
OF THE LOWEST IN
THE REGION
Colombia’s economic indicators continue to be favorable.
Sound fiscal policies and low sustained levels of inflation,
can be noted alongside increased confidence from
international markets with regards to the country’s
economic stability. Colombia has the second lowest risk
perception in the region—according to its position on the
Credit Default Swaps Index. The country has a lower risk
perception than other countries in the region such as
Brazil, Mexico, and Peru.
2012
Chile
Mexico
Peru
France
*Credit Default Swap Index.
Measures the difference between the interest rate paid for a
Colombian bond in dollars abroad against the rate paid for a
US bond. CDS as at 31 December, 2012. Less difference implies
lower country risk.
Source: La República newspaper. Bloomberg. CDS at 31 December, 2012.
27. EXTENSIVE TRADE RELATIONS - MAIN EXPORT DESTINATIONS
EXPORTS, 2000 - 2012 US$ MILLIONS
MAJOR EXPORT DESTINATIONS, 2012
FOB US$ 2012
MILLIONS
SHARE
2012
21,980
36.7%
China
3,343
5.6%
Spain
2,940
4.9%
MAIN DESTINATIONS
United States
Panama
2,857
2,556
56,915
4.8%
Venezuela
60,274
4.3%
Netherlands
2,503
4.2%
Chile
2,189
3.7%
Ecuador
1,910
3.2%
Peru
1,582
2.6%
India
1,363
2.3%
37,626
16,788
13,158
39,713
24,391
Source: DANE.
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Invest in COLOMBIA
27
EXPORTS X
28. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
28
58,632
IMPORTS 2000-2012
US$ MILLIONS
54,675
40,683
39,669
MAJOR IMPORT DESTINATIONS - 2011
Source: DANE (The National
Department of Statistics) - CIF values.
11,757
13,882
2000
2001
In 2012 Colombian world exports reached US$60.2 billion, 5.8%
more than in 2011 when the country recorded US$56.9 billion.
Of the total exports in 2012, the nonmining sector represented
23.7% of Colombian exports with US$14.3 billion.
The main subsectors in nonmining world exports in 2012 were:
- Cut flowers, with US$1.3 billion, a share of 8.8% and growth
of US$16.6 million (1.3%).
- Plastics in primary forms, with US$975.3 million, a share
equal to 6.8% and growth of US$17.2 million (1.8%).
- Bananas, with US$822 million, a share equal to 5.8% and
growth of US$6.9 million (0.8%).
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
With regard to imports in 2012, the main countries from which
Colombia makes its foreign purchases are United States (23.9%),
China (16.3%), and Mexico (11.1%), in that order. Other countries
(110 in total) accounted for a share of 28.4% on average over the
last two years and this has been maintained since 2010.
The main products purchased abroad in the nonmining segment
and excluding coffee are: industrial machinery, vehicles, other
means of transport, telecommunications/sound, and iron/steel
manufacturing.
29. NONMINING EXPORTS
TOTAL EXPORTS - MINING AND NONMINING SECTORS
% SHARE 2012
Services
0.6%
Clothing
10.2%
Nonmining
sectors
(excluding
coffee)
Invest in COLOMBIA
% SHARE 2012
29
Other
0.7%
24%
Agrobusiness
32.8%
Mining
and coffee
Manufacturing
55.7%
76%
Total Nonmining exports 2012: US$14.008 million
Source: DANE.
Total exports 2012: US$60.274 million
Source: DANE.
The country offers a diverse range of exports and has a
presence in the five continents. Colombia currently exports
to 175 countries.
The quality of the country’s products is recognized at a
global scale and includes: cut flowers (fresh and exotic),
tropical fruits, textiles and clothing, confectionary, and
coffee products.
With over 9,000 export companies, Colombia offers its
international buyers innovation, diversity, and quality based
on creativity and technology.
MAIN NONMINING PRODUCTS EXPORTED BY COLOMBIA
Subsector
Share
% 2011
Fresh cut flowers
Plastics in primary forms
Banana
Clothing sector
Household products
Cosmetics and cleaning
products
9%
7%
6%
5%
4%
4%
Metallurgy
Sugar and honey
4%
3%
Subsector
Share
% 2011
Pharmaceutical products
Iron and steel manufactures
A range of products from
the chemical industries
Coffee products
3%
3%
Confectionary
2%
Live animals (beef cattle)
2%
Textiles
2%
3%
2%
Source: DANE. Calculations by PROEXPORT.
30. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
30
FOREIGN TRAVELLERS IN COLOMBIA
2006-2012 (THOUSANDS)
296
313
254
284
228
126
50
1,053
1,195
1,222
1,353
1,474
1,582
1,592
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Foreign travellers
MAJOR NATIONALITIES OF VISITORS TO COLOMBIA, I - SEMESTER, 2012.
United States of
America
319,202 visitors
18.9% share
Venezuela
250,404 visitors
14.8% share
Ecuador
114,564 visitors
6.8% share
Argentina
111,555 visitors
6.6% share
31. CAPITAL
CITY
NATURE
FAIRS
AND FESTIVALS
RELIGIOUS
TOURISM
BIRDWATCHING
SALSA
HERITAGE
DESTINATIONS
WHALE
WATCHING
ADVENTURE
Colombia has 53 million hectares of natural woods, 22
million hectares of savannah, arid areas, snow-capped
mountains, and wetlands; It also ranks fourth in the
world for its abundance of terrestrial water resources. The
country’s natural parks make up 14% of national territory
and it is the most biodiverse country per square kilometre
in the world. The Caribbean and Pacific coasts are ideal for
surfing, fishing, rafting, and regattas.
The UNESCO has recognized 13 Cultural Heritage of
Humanity sites in Colombia and in June 2011; the coffeegrowing region, or Cultural Coffee Landscape was added
to the list. The country also offers an important array of
beaches. The Islands of Baru, Rosario, San Andres and
Providencia (with its “sea of seven colors” as it is traditionally
called) as well as Tayrona National Park amongst others,
make of Colombia an ideal tourist destination.
Within Latin America, Colombia is positioning itself as one of
the major destinations for events and business meetings. The
country climbed 21 places (from 50 to 29) at the International
Congress and Convention Association’s (ICCA) ranking of
international events between 2000 and 2012.
SUN AND
BEACH
GASTRONOMY
ARCHAEOLOGY
AGRITOURISM
SCUBA
DIVING
MICE
GOLF
SHOPPING
NAUTICAL
Santa Marta
San Andres
& Providencia
Santander
Boyaca
Caribbean Sea
Barranquilla
Bogota
Cartagena de Indias
Meta
Medellin
Pacific
Ocean
Huila
Choco
Cali - Valle del Cauca
Amazon
Nariño
Coffe Cultural
Landscape
Invest in COLOMBIA
¿WHAT CAN
YOU FIND?
31
CRUISE
32. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
32
Colombia currently has twelve free trade agreements in force,
eight undersigned and six in the process of negotiation. These
will allow preferential access to a market of over 1,500 million
consumers.
The country’s trade integration agenda includes 24 international
investment agreements (IIA)* with over 40 countries and 17
agreements preventing double taxation (DTAA).
*Includes investment chapters inside the FTA.
PACIFIC
ALLIANCE
34. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
34
Agreements for the promotion
and reciprocal protection of
investments - APPRI
IN FORCE
Peru (agreement).
Spain (agreement).
China (agreement).
India (agreement).
Switzerland (chapter V).
Liechtenstein (chapter V).
Chile (chapter IX).
Northem Triangle (chapter XII).
Canada (chapter VIII).
Mexico (chapter XVII).
United States (chapter X).
.
SIGNED
South Corea (agreement).
EFTA (Iceland y Norway)
(chapter).
Japan (agreement).
United Kingdom (agreement).
European Union (chapter).
UNDER NEGOTIATION
Israel.
Kuwait.
Singapore (Negotiations
concluded).
Turkey.
Uruguay.
Qatar.
FUTURE
Azerbaijan.
Russia.
35. 35
IN FORCE
CAN (Perú, Ecuador
y Bolivia).
Canada.
Chile.
Spain.
Switzerland.
SUSCRIBED
Czech Republic.
India.
Mexico.
Portugal.
South Corea.
UNDER
NEGOTIATION
Belgium.
France.
Germany.
Holland.
Japan.
United States.
FUTURE
Brazil.
China.
Israel.
Italy.
Invest in COLOMBIA
Agreements for the avoidance
of double taxation and the
prevention of tax evasion - DTTs
36. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
36
26 markets have been identified for which Colombia could
become a platform for exporting products to the United States
and the Andean Community of Nations (CAN) countries, as
well as 12 markets in Europe, 6 in Asia , and 7 in Latin America
and Canada.
37. 37
Invest in COLOMBIA
COLOMBIA
AS AN EXPORT PLATFORM
TO THE WORLD AND FOR
THE WORLD
Colombia’s 12 current trade agreements with over 20 markets
allow the country to have tariff advantages for exporting to
these markets with highly competitive rates, as well as logistical
advantages.
Some examples of export platforms based on logistical
advantages of air freight
City of
Origin
Journey
time
Lima
Freight
US$/
Kg
Journey
time
Country of
Origin
La Paz
Freight
US$/
Kg
Sector
Tariffs charged for
Journey
time
Flete
US$/
Kg
New York
9 h 35 min
6.17
9h
4.91
9 h 55 min
6.79
Mexico City
9 h 15 min
4.70
5 h 50 min
3.47
6 h 40 min
4.15
Bogota
5 h 55 min
1.30
2 h 55 min
1.39
3 h 30 min
2.85
Argentina
USA
Canada
Mexico
10.9%
5.44%
28.16%
Chemicals
4.4%
3.0%
8.74%
Textiles
Brazil
Destination City
São Paulo
Tariff Advantages to United States, Canada and Mexico.
15.6%
18%
30%
Automotive and Auto Parts
Ecuador
Colombia
Chemicals
4.4%
2.16%
6.44%
Food and Tobacco
23.3%
0%
25.59%
Drinks
7.6%
0%
Building Materials
--
0%
7.19%
0%
0%
0%
38. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
38
Tariff Advantages to Latin America.
Tariffs charged for
Country of
Origin
Sector
15.4%
16.12%
10.12%
17.9%
17.86%
16.22%
Electronic Components
and Semiconductors
19.3%
17.6%
--
Chemicals
14%
16%
--
Automotive and Auto Parts
16.17%
13.7%
6.00%
Electronic Components
México
CAN**
Electronic Components
and Semiconductors
Canada
Brazil
Industrial Plant and
Equipment
United
States
Argentina
15.21%
15.1%
6.00%
0%
0%
0%
Colombia
** Andean Community (Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador)
Some examples of export platforms based on logistical
advantages of sea transport.
Destination Country
Country of Origin
United States
Canada
Transit time
(Days)
Freight
US$/Kg
Transit time
(Days)
Freight
US$/Kg
Brazil
40
155
49
212
Argentina
41
133
48
158
Ecuador
12
66
Colombia
11
54
10
75
Colombia’s logistical advantages allow it to ship a container to
the United States in up to 30 days less than other countries in
the region, generating a saving of more than US$130.
COLOMBIA
AS AN EXPORT PLATFORM TO THE WORLD
AND FOR THE WORLD
Colombia has direct cargo flights to the main cities in the
United States, Canada and Latin America, enabling us to save
up to 9 hours flight time and make a saving of US$9/Kg.
39. Some examples of export platforms based on logistical
advantages of air freight
Destination Country
Country of
Origin
United States
Destination City
Canada
Brazil
Transit time
(Days)
Flete
US$
Transit time
(Days)
Flete
US$
Transit time
(Days)
Flete
US$
Francia
22
304
39
98
23
82
Alemania
26
314
--
--
16
62
España
24
242
45
221
18
91
Reino Unido
20
294
24
117
29
73
China
22
111
27
140
37
98
Corea
19
110
21
138
40
91
Colombia
11
54
10
75
12
53
City of
Origin
Tariff Advantages to Latin America, United States and
Canada
Country
of Origin
Germany
Spain
United
Kingdom
Colombia
Toronto
Sao Pablo
Journey
time
Freight
US$/
Kg
Journey
time
Freight
US$/
Kg
Journey
time
Freight
US$/
Kg
Berlin
11 h 30 min
2.70
9 h 50 min
5.20
13 h 35 min
7.08
Paris
8 h 05 min
2.85
11 h
2.85
11 h 45 min
8.42
Madrid
8 h 30 min
2.22
11 h 5 min
2.3*
11 h 10 min
1.89
London
7 h 40 min
2.61
7 h 55 min
3.37
11 h 45 min
5.60
Beijing
15 h 34 min
6.13
12 h 50 min
6.12
22 h 40 min
10.29
Seoul
13 h 50 min
4.61
13 h
4.35
23 h 55 min
8.85
6h
1.85
6 h 05 min
1.52
5 h 55 min
1.30
Colombia
Tariffs charged for
Sector
United
States
Canada
Brazil
Argentina
Electronic Components and
Semiconductors
3.08%
5.1%
20%
20%
Chemicals
France
New York
6.5%
6.5%
16%
16%
Automotive and Auto Parts
1.3%
6.1%
20%
34.98%
Industrial Plant and Equipment
4.7%
1.42%
16.12%
5.98%
6.5%
14%
14%
Country
of Origin
Tariffs charged for
Sector
15.43%
Chemicals
Tariff Advantages to Latin America, Mexico and Brazil.
Industrial Plant and Equipment
4.4%
1.69%
15.8%
15.43%
Industrial Plant and Equipment
3.35%
3.24%
16.1%
8.11%
7.51%
16.8%
22%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
Metals
China
15.4%
Metals
United
States
Korea
Colombia
11.2%
5.4%
20%
22.7%
Electronic
Components and
Semiconductors
8.0%
3.5%
17.1%
22%
Textiles
20.4%
18%
30%
35%
Metals
5.7%
5%
20%
18%
0%
0%
0%
0%
39
Invest in COLOMBIA
Some examples of export platforms based on logistical
advantages of sea transport.
41. 5.3%
2.26
Internet access connections have tripled over the last five
years, rising from 2.17 million in 2008 to 7.25 in 2012.
In the period 2011-2012 alone, subscriptions to fixed and
mobile internet increased by 18.2%. The number of mobile
telephone subscribers has also grown exponentially by
five times since 2004 until reaching the figure of 49.07
million subscribers by the end of 2012, with a penetration
rate of 105.3 subscribers per 100 inhabitants.
7.6%
3.27
10.5%
4.60
13.9%
6.19
91.0%
85.2%
77.3% 41.36 42.03
68.6% 33.94
47.5% 29.76
23.0% 21.85
10.40
105.3%
100.3%
49.07
46.20
97.7%
44.48
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source: CRC – The Commission of Telecommunication Regulation (CRT). MinTIC, 2013.
41
Invest in COLOMBIA
RAPID GROWTH IN THE CONSUMER MARKET:
OVER 49 MILLION ACTIVE MOBILE USERS
42. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
42
Access to the
Internet has
tripled over the
last FIVE years
2,150,718
7,256,091
6,140,271
4,384,181
3,181,431
2,179,951
1,072,881
218,405
2004
501,238
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
43. Source: e-government survey – The United Nations, 2012.
Drafted by Proexport.
0.93
0.87
0.85
0.84
0.68
0.66
0.62
0.62
0.57
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.49
0.47
0.41
The most recent United Nations
e- government survey shows that
Colombia maintains its leadership
in the region with regards to
e-government; holding second
place in Latin America and ranking
forty-third in the world
Invest in COLOMBIA
43
44. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
44
easy access to
global markets
Colombia is strategically located within five
different time zones; sharing one of these
with important and central business hubs
including New York, Toronto, and Miami.
It finds itself at the heart of the hemisphere’s
ma commercial and financial centres,
jor
both in North and South America, sharing
cultural affinity with both regions—
an asset in terms of the successful
consolidation of operations.
More than 22 airlines, both cargo and
passenger based, fly to Colombia. The country
counts on over 700 direct, international
frequencies and above 4,900 domestic
frequencies every week.
Key strategic location
Over 800 direct international
flights per week.
More and more airlines are adding
routes and flight frequencies, which
improves Colombia’s air connectivity
direct international flights
have increased by 130% between
2000 and 2010
Over 4,500 domestic
flights per week
Over 20 airlines operate
in Colombia
45. DIRECT AIR CONNECTIVITY
Invest in COLOMBIA
45
11 h 15 m
Frankfurt
6 h 05 m
5 h 35 m
10 h 40 m
Toronto
Paris
New York
9 h 40 m
Madrid
8 h 20 m
Los Angeles
3 h 00 m
Miami
4 h 45 m
Mexico City
1 h 20 m
Colombia: competitive
location with easy
access to global
markets
The data includes routes flying out
Caracas
1 h 30 m
Quito
3 h 00 m
Lima
5 h 00 m
Sao Paulo
Santiago de Chile
of Barranquilla, Bogota, Cali, and
Medellin International Airports.
Source: Routes and Tariffs – Tools for
the Colombian exporter. Processed by
Proexport Colombia.
5 h 45 m
6 h 15 m
Buenos Aires
46. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
46
623
Colombia is situated on a focal point of maritime activity. It
is close in proximity to the Panama Canal, a crossroad for
the main lines of global trade communication, a strategic
connection point between North and South America—as well
as the East Coast of the United States of America and Asia.
These features present an opportunity by means of acting as
a commercial exchange platform.
Air connections for cargo transport from Colombia are
covered by 32 airlines with cargo quotas operating on more
than 1,700 export routes with access to some 400 cities
around the world. El Dorado International Airport has the
highest movement of cargo in Latin America, with 520,000
tons moved.
400
thousand tons
cargo were
transported (air
cargo) in 2012.
48. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
48
*Over
More than 3,000 ocean freight routes (regular, direct, and
connecting services) depart from Colombian ports, made up of
28 shipping companies, destined for 500 ports around the world.
Colombian ports mobilize 127 million tons of cargo and receive
close to 25,000 vessels via the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
Likewise, port companies providing a public service mobilize
around 2.1 million containers a year.
* The data includes routes departing from the ports of Barranquilla, Buenaventura,
Cartagena, and Santa Marta.
Source: Routes and Tariffs – Tools for the Colombian exporter. Processed by
Proexport Colombia.
127
million tons
of cargo were
shipped by
sea in 2012.
52. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
52
COLOMBIA POSSESSES A SKILLED
AND DEVELOPED WORKFORCE
MORE THAN
53%
(MASTER DEGREES AND FURTHER STUDIES)
According to Euromonitor International, Colombia had the
third highest number of graduates, of the following subjects,
in the region during 2012: Social Sciences, Business, Law,
Engineering, Manufacturing, and Construction. Seven of
Colombia’s universities rank as amongst the best in the world.
The availability of human resources is growing at a higher rate
than many other countries. According to the Growth of the
Workforce Index (IMD, 2012) Colombia is ranked as fifth in
the world and second in the region in terms of both growth
and labor force.
53. Postgraduate
Vocational & Technical
55.872
28%
39.322
19%
Undergraduate
105.979
53%
Source: (Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia) Colombian
Ministry of Education.
The national government supports the promotion of
bilingualism by means of initiatives such as iSpeak.
This scheme provides local and foreign companies
with information regarding Colombian nationals
with a certified level of English applicable to the
—
professional world. Currently, more than 26,000
professionals from many of Colombia’s cities, have
a certified level of the language.
Invest in COLOMBIA
53
55. World ranking
amongst 59
coutries
% Increase
in labour
force
Mexico
2
3.78%
Chile
3
3.57%
Colombia
5
3.05%
Venezuela
15
1.95%
Peru
18
1.86%
Argentina
28
1.10%
Invest in COLOMBIA
55
57. Colombia is betting on innovation as a crosscutting component
in order to transform both products and services that generate
added value and skilled employment. The National Government
has allocated 10% of royalty payments, arising from the
extraction of hydrocarbons and minerals, to strengthen science,
technology and innovation. Its aim is to advance towards
becoming a knowledge-based economy.
*Non mining energy
Source: DNP.
57
Invest in COLOMBIA
Sectors based on innovation are a symbol of our vision for
the future; our move towards greater development and our
steadfast ambition of competing within the international
market are on an equal footing with higher income countries –
National Development Plan 2010-2014.
58. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
58
INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVES
In order to achieve these goals and foster new investment into R+D, and as a means of obtaining
innovative processes, the following mechanisms have been created:
INCOME TAX
DEDUCTIONS
EQUIVALENT TO 175%
OF THE VALUE INVESTED
INTO RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
AN EXEMPTION OF
SALES TAX (VAT) ON
THE IMPORTATION OF
EQUIPMENT USED BY R+D
CENTRES RECOGNISED BY
COLCIENCIAS
RESOURCES RECEIVED
TO FINANCE SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNOLOGICAL
PROJECTS OR INCOMES
FROM INNOVATION ARE
INCOME TAX EXEMPT.
PROTECTION OF
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
IN ACCORDANCE
WITH INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS
EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES
IMPORTED BY R&D
CENTRES RECOGNIZED
BY COLCIENCIAS WILL
BE EXEMPT FROM VALUE
ADDED TAX (VAT)
With the aim of strengthening business innovation and high-impact, innovative
entrepreneurship Bancoldex (Programme to invest in Private Capital Funds) has created
Innpulsa. This Innovation and Development Unit cultivates financial and non-financial
tools to promote and strengthen business innovation and dynamic ventures. Its work is
based on four strategic levels:
59. INNPULSA MIPYME (MY SMES) - MODERNISATION AND
INNOVATION FUND FOR MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM COMPANIES;
OFFERING CO-FINANCIAL AND NON-REIMBURSABLE SUPPORT TO
(INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVENESS FOCUSED) PROGRAMMES,
PROJECTS, AND ACTIVITIES.
INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN LARGE
COMPANIES - ENCOURAGING THESE QUALITIES AS WELL
AS THE PROMOTION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
CENTRES, WITHIN LARGE COMPANIES, AS PART OF THEIR
CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS AN INNOVATIVE CULTURE.
REGIONAL INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP - WORKING
ALONGSIDE REGIONS TO IDENTIFY, DESIGN, AND FORMULATE
STRATEGIC (COMPETITIVENESS) PROJECTS THAT WILL
PROMOTE INNOVATION AND PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL, SEEKING
BUSINESS GROWTH.
59
Invest in COLOMBIA
INNPULSA - DYNAMIC, INNOVATIVE VENTURE SEEKING
TO STRENGTHEN AN ECOSYSTEM THAT FACILITATES THE
CREATION OF HIGH-IMPACT, VIBRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP.
61. FREE ZONES WITH INCOME TAX OF 15%2, POSSIBILITY OF SELLING
TO THE LOCAL MARKET, EXEMPTION FROM CUSTOMS DUTIES (VAT,
TARIFFS) AND ACCESS TO THE BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONAL
TRADE AGREEMENTS.
For Free Zones applied for or approved before 31 December 2012. For
Free Zones applied for after 31 December 2012, income tax of 15% must
be paid + income tax for equity – CREE, for which the rate is 9% for the
years 2013 to 2015 and 8% for the following years.
2
3
4
Invest in COLOMBIA
EMPLOYMENT
INCENTIVES
61
65. - The allocation of 10% of royalty payments to strengthen science, technology,
and innovation.
- Increase R&D investment by 0.16% of GDP to 0.5% of GDP by 2014.
- Increase value added exports (non-mining energy) by 31%, from US$14,318
million in 2010 to US$21,000 million in 2014.
- To finance the education of 2,550 new PhDs by 2014.
- Promote an innovation ecosystem with 12 Business Angels networks
by 2014.
Infrastructure investment of 3% to 4% of GDP, which means, in Colombia’s
case, doubling current investment levels. This alongside other mechanisms
such as royalties and adjustment funds will allow the country adequate levels
of sector investment.
- Government objective: 1 million low-income (social) houses
(VIS - Spanish Abbreviation).
- A plan is being worked on to donate 100,000 homes to single mothers,
displaced people, victims of natural disasters, and those not earning a
minimum salary.
- Mining and energy GDP will grow by 16.8% by the year 2014 and will reflect
a share of more than 25% of GDP in Colombia.
- The mining and energy sector will generate 100,000 new jobs between
2010-2014.
- Total sector exports for 2014 will surpass US$35,000 million.
- 2014 objectives include electrical power reaching 16,234 MW, hydrocarbon
production 1,150,000 bpd and coal mining production 124 million tons; as
well as extending geological coverage of the country to 80%.
- Colombia, third highest rate of precipitation in Latin America and eleventh
in the world.
- Special Commercial Reforestation Programme: Taking advantage of the
country’s forestry potential (17 million hectares) pushing for commercial
reforestation as a strategic element of the agricultural sector.
- Unique forestry “one-stop window”: An instrument created with the aim of
centralizing procedures and formalities required for commercial
forestry activities.
- Regulated forestry law.
- Agricultural technology innovation.
Invest in COLOMBIA
65
66. 66
PRODUCTIVE TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME- (PTP)
PROEXPORT.COM.CO
The Productive Transformation Programme, PTP, is a public
and private collaboration created by the Ministry of Commerce,
Industry, and Tourism in 2008. It fosters productivity and
competitiveness within (high exporting potential) sectors by
means of more efficient coordination between the private and
public sectors.
PTP OBJECTIVES:
» Improve sector productivity and competitiveness.
» Facilitate coordination between private and public sector players.
» Help companies and sectors benefit from trade agreement
opportunities, by means of solid, exportable goods.
» Contribute towards improving the quality of life of Colombians
via the successful performance of productive sectors and
companies that generate employment.
Sectors within the Colombian economy were identified by
means of open calls. Currently 16 sectors are involved in the
Programme:
Every one of the sectors linked to the programme hold a
specifically tailored business plan. These aim at addressing
and repairing existing weaknesses within the supply chain,
improve human capital, reduce specialization and training
gaps, and operate under a regulatory framework. This
framework should impose no barriers to productivity and
competitiveness, allow Colombian companies easy access
to foreign markets, on an equal footing, and incorporate
sustainability (as a distinguishing factor) to their products
and processes.
68. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
68
Source: UNCTAD Report, 2012.
IED Attractiveness Index
Source: Survey “Opinions of North American and European investors
with regards to Latin American companies.” J.P. Morgan, 2011.
IED Potential Index
69. In 2012, Colombia achieved its highest ever FDI flows, rising from
US$1.7 billion in 2003 to US$15.8 billion. FDI also increased by a
further 16.3% in the period 2011 - 2012.
15,612
13,404
6,896
2,504
Colombia also became the country with the third highest FDI
flow as a percentage of GDP in the region.
Between 1994 and 2012 almost 50% of global FDI investment
flows in Colombia was generated mainly by the United States,
UK, Spain, and Chile.
Average
1994
2002
Average
2003
2010
2011
2012
MAIN INVESTOR COUNTRIES / CUMULATIVE 1994 – 2012*
Source: Banco de la República-Balance of Payments.
Variation 2011–2012: +16.3%.
*Share calculated from the total number of countries with positive
cumulative investment, excluding reinvestment of profits or oil sector
investment.
Note: the list of main investor countries in Colombia excludes
Panama.
United States
United Kingdom
Spain
Chile
US$11,665
million
20.2% share
US$6,334
million
11% share
US$5,918
million
10.3% share
US$4,238
million
7.3% share
Invest in COLOMBIA
IN 2012 COLOMBIA
REACHED ITS HIGHEST
EVER FDI FLOWS
69
IED, 1994-2012 US$MILLIONS
70. 70
PROEXPORT.COM.CO
Venezuela
1.7% / 5.3
Colombia
4% / 13.6
Source: Banco de la Republica - Balance of Payments.
Brazil
2.7% / 66.6
Chile
7% / 17.3
Peru
4.6% / 8.1
Argentina
1.6% / 7.2
Direct Investment received US$billions
71. Among nonmining sectors, manufacturing, transport, storage
and communications, and financial and business services,
represent more than 60% of the FDI flows in Colombia in 2012.
FDI FLOW - PRIMARY SECTORS
SHARE % - 2012*
FDI FLOW - PRIMARY NONMINING SECTORS
SHARE % - 2012*
Other
2.2%
Electricity, Gas,
and Water
5.1%
Oil Sector
33.8%
Commerce,
Restaurants,
and Hotels
10.1%
Finance and
Business
Services
10.8%
Transport,
Storage, and
Communications
10.9%
Total FDI 2012:
US$15,896
million.*
Manufacturers
12.9%
Other
3.4%
Manufacturers
25.0%
Electricity, Gas,
and Water
10.0%
Commerce,
Restaurants, and
Hotels
19.5%
Mines and
Quarries
(includes Coal)
14.2%
*Share calculated from total positive net (sector) investment:
US$15,896 million.
Finance and
Business
Services
21.0%
Transport,
Storage, and
Communications
21.1%
Total FDI 2012:
US$8,197
million.*
*Total nonmining sector participation with positive net investment:
US$8,197 million.
Invest in COLOMBIA
71
OIL AND MINING REPRESENT 48% OF FDI IN COLOMBIA WITH US$7.6
BILLION, FOLLOWED BY MANUFACTURING (US$2.5 BILLION) AND
TRANSPORT, STORAGE, AND COMMUNICATIONS (US$ 1.7 BILLION).
72. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
72
COLOMBIA:
ONE OF LATIN AMERICA’S “NEW TIGERS”
The influential American paper, the Wall Street Journal, recently
described Colombia as being part of a new group of countries
in the region emerging as a viable alternative for investors.
“Characterized by youthful populations, growing middle classes,
relatively low debt and dynamic economic expansion, these
countries are poised to grab a bigger share of the region’s
growth and attract more money from international investors.”
Colombia and Peru stand out amongst Latin America’s “new
tigers” due to their rapid and continuous growth. Their currencies
are solid and stable, they have managed to control inflation,
their credit ratings are higher than those of their neighbours
and their government’s have shown willingness to act in the
face of deterioration.
Colombia and Peru: Latin American’s “new tigers” – The Wall Street Journal.
July 26, 2012.
73. COLOMBIA FTA BECOMING A REALITY
The accord will render clear benefits for both sides. Colombia
remains the third largest market in Latin America for U.S. exports
and the second most important for small- and medium-sized firms.
The two sides en a $35 billion trade merchandise relationship.
joy
The FTA will boost U.S. exports by $1.1 billion and provide
access to Colombia’s $180 billion services market.
The Miami Herald, May 7, 2012.
BBVA:
COLOMBIA BECOMES A GLOBAL ECONOMIC SURPRISE
“The country registers a growth trail that accelerated
in the last twelve years. Investment has experienced a
healthy steady advance and so has private consumption.
Investment inflow jumped from 14% of GDP in 2000 to
28% in 2012, which represents 5.5 times in twelve years,
painting a very promising panoramas” Juana Tellez chief
economist, BBVA Colombia. “ These indicators together
with the fact Colombia is undergoing a second economic
opening following the signing of trade agreements can
see Colombia join the elite of global economies. According
to our forecasts, emerging countries will contribute 85%
of global growth over the next 10 years and trade will
be key to this growth” added Tellez, according to a press
release from this financial Spanish entity.
Economic Perspective Report EAGLEs 2012 – BBVA Bank February 20, 2012.
MOVING ON FROM BRICS
Colombia, among other countries such as Turkey and South
Africa—are being touted as the next generation of tiger
economies - fast-growing and relatively diverse economies,
which means, unlike BRIC countries, they should be less heavily
dependent on external demand.
The country is emerging as an attractive destination for investors
as it works to distance itself from its troubled past. Elected in
2010, President Juan Manuel Santos has continued the centerright policies of former President Alvaro Uribe, prioritizing
security and attracting overseas investors.
Improved security measures have led to over the last decade
have helped per capita gross domestic product to double since
2002. Meanwhile, Colombia’s sovereign debt was promoted to
investment grade by all three ratings agencies this year.
The Wall Street Journal. September 18, 2011.
April 23, 2012.
Invest in COLOMBIA
73
74.
75. 1. Assembly
- Demand driven by the development of
Mass Transit Systems in Colombia’s
ma cities. Bogotá alone will
jor
require 12,000 new buses over
the next few years.
- 75% of cargo in Colombia is
transported by land, requiring
a frequent renewal of the
vehicle fleet.
- The country has a
penetration of 80.2
vehicles per 1,000
inhabitants, representing
a great opportunity for
growth in a market
that shows no signs of
saturation.
- Demand driven by
Colombia’s growth in
foreign trade.
- Lorry scrapping policy:
Over 50,000 units.
2. Autoparts
- Due to high demand in the
aftermarket, imports of
autoparts increased by 39%.
Acolfa 2012
- Andean Automotive
Agreement: requirement for
minimum local content for the
assembly of motorbikes, light
vehicles, lorries and buses.
- Exports of autoparts have increased
by 40% over the last 5 years,
representing 61.5% of the export basket of
the automotive sector.
- Sales of US$ 570 million in autoparts to local
producers.
- In 2011, sales to local autopart producers amounted
to around US$ 700 million. Acolfa 2012.
Atlantico
Cundinamarca
Risaralda
Valle del Cauca
Bogota
- Domestic and foreign companies are certified
to the highest international standards.
- The country has a Qualified Warehousing
Procedure for Conversion and Assembly,
which guarantees tariff-free status for
automotive goods that meet Andean
origin requirements.
- Demand for vehicles in Colombia
has increased by 25% between
2005 and 2012, resulting in sales
of over 300,000 units in the last
year. Econometria 2013
- Colombia is the fourth largest
country for vehicle assembly in
Latin America, employing 2.6%
of personnel working in the
manufacturing industry. Andi
2012
- The scrapping policy and the
growth of trade in the country
have had an effect on the
demand for freight vehicles, which
increased by 24.3% between 2011
and 2012, reaching 30,600 units.
Econometria 2013
- Colombia hosts a number of wellknown assemblers such as: Renault,
General Motors, Mazda, Toyota-Hino and
Busscar.
Assembly and auto parts
75
Invest in COLOMBIA
ADVANTAGES
76. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
76
ADVANTAGES
Observatory, 2012.
Atlantico
Magdalena
Bolivar
Centers
year. ANDI, 2012.
Antioquia
Caldas
Risaralda
Quindio
Cundinamarca
Valle
del
Cauca
- Colombia is the third largest
market for cosmetics and
toiletries in Latin America.
Euromonitor International,
2013.
- Production activity in the
sector has seen average
annual growth of 9.9%
since 2000. Andi,
Chamber for the
Cosmetics and Toiletries
Industry, 2012.
- Compound annual
sales growth for the
sector is forecast
at 7.1% for the
period 2012-2016.
Euromonitor
International, 2013.
- Ma multinationals
jor
in the sector such
as Kimberly-Clark,
Belcorp, Yanbal, Henkel,
Procter & Gamble,
Avon, and Unilever have
established operations in
the country.
77. 1. Production
- Exports of inputs for construction totalled US$
370 million in 2012, 8% higher than the figure
recorded in 2010. Ministry of Commerce,
Industry and Tourism and DANE.
- Availability of qualified human
resources: over 12,000 technicians
and professionals graduate
every year in engineering
subjects related to the sector.
Employment Observatory,
2011.
Bolivar
2. I+D+i
Antioquia
- National government
initiatives and incentives
Risaralda
to promote R+D+i in the
Valle del
sector. Colciencias.
Cauca
- High intellectual property
standards: protection
of industrial property to
international standards
(20 years’ protection for
patent holders).
- Opportunities exist with
regards to nanomaterial
ecological material and smart
technology.
3. Logistics Centers
- Obligatory passage for shipping
companies covering the north-south,
north-east and western shipping routes,
thanks to Colombia’s proximity to the
Panama Canal and its access to the two oceans.
- Over 3,700 maritime frequencies and approximately
1,000 flight frequencies are available for the transportation
of goods.
Atlantico
Santander
Cundinamarca
Bogotá
· The GDP of the construction sector represents 7%
of total GDP. Total GDP has grown in Colombia at
an average annual rate of 5.2% since 2006. This
growth was higher than the average in Chile,
Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina, Asia, Europe, and
the United States for the same period.
· By 2014 investment in infrastructure will
reach 3% of GDP (US$12 billion3). This
investment will be used for road building
and improvements to airports, ports
and railways. National Infrastructure
Agency.
· The Ministry of Transport
launched the Fourth Generation
of Road Concessions (4G),
infrastructure projects for the
next two years. It is estimated
that investments of US$
24 billion will be made, which
will be distributed among
approximately 30 projects
covering 8,170 kilometres, in
over 22 departments in the
country. Ministry of Transport.
· For 2014, the Government
has made a commitment
to support the building of
1 million new homes. The
Government will provide
100,000 social housing homes
through its allocation of a budget of
US$2.3 billion.
· Important sector multinationals such as,
Prebuild, Lafarge, Holcim, and Saint Gobain
have established operations in the country.
Production and logistics centers.
3
Estimated value based on projected GDP of Colombia at current prices for 2014 according to EIU (US$422.8 billion).
77
Invest in COLOMBIA
ADVANTAGES
78. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
78
ADVANTAGES
1. Production
- Over 30,000 companies are registered by the
Chamber of Commerce and make up 20% of the
Industrial sectors workforce. Inexmoda 2012.
- Imports increased by 49% between 2010
and 2012 to meet internal and external
demand: clothing saw an increase of
97%, leather, footwear and leather
goods 47% and textiles 46%. DIAN
2013.
- More than 70% of companies
are concentrated in the
clothing, manufacturing and
trade subsectors. Vertical
integration investment
opportunities exist in various
links of the chain, including
textiles, fibres, supplies, and
services. Inexmoda 2012.
2. Logistics Centres
- The country holds the
possibility of preferential
access to over 1,500 million
consumers thanks to Free
Trade Agreements.
- Competitiveness in access to
the North American market
at costs on average 3 times
lower than those incurred from
China.
Atlantico
Santander
Antioquia
Risaralda
Cundinamarca
Valle
del Cauca
-Represents over 9.8% of the GDP of
manufacturing industries, around 1.2%
of domestic added value and 5% of the
country’s total exports. DANE, 2012
-Imports increased by 49% between
2010 and 2012 to meet internal
and external demand: clothing
saw an increase of 97%, leather,
footwear and leather goods 47%
and textiles 46%. DIAN 2013
-Major multinationals in the
sector have established
operations in the country,
such as: Kaltex, Polymer
Group and Parkdale Mills.
-The industry is
characterized by having
flexible production
tailored to clients’ needs,
with delivery times to
match the speed of world
demand.
• The Industry has
integrated processes:
design, cutting, production
and distribution, amongst
others.
• An internationally
renowned, skilled workforce
specially trained for the
industry.
R+D+I and production
Production
Production and logistic centers
79. Bogotá
Tunja - Santa Marta – Ibagué – Neiva –
Popayán - Cúcuta
• Voice BPO: Telemarketing – Collection –
Sales – Customer Service
• Back Office: Outsourcing of Financial and
Accounting Services – Human Resources
• KPO: Outsourcing of Engineering
Services – Telemedicine – R+D+i –
Graphic Design – Legal Services –
Medical Transcriptions
• Voice BPO
ADVANTAGES
Atlantico
Medellín
• Voice BPO: Telemarketing –
Collection – Sales – Customer
Service
• Back Office: Outsourcing
of Financial and Accounting
Services – Human Resources
– Document Handling – 2nd
Level Help Desk
• KPO: Business Intelligence
Services
Cali
• Voice BPO: Services –
Collection
• Back Office: - Outsourcing of
Financial and Accounting Services
• KPO: - Health – Pharmaceutical
– Aeroespace
Barranquilla
• Voice BPO: Call Centres - Outsourcing
of Financial and Accounting Services
• KPO: Outsourcing of Engineering Services
Bucaramanga
• Voice BPO
• KPO: Telemedicine - Outsourcing of Engineering
Services
Coffee Triangle
Magdalena
Antioquia
Risaralda
Tolima
Caldas
Quindio
Valle
del Cauca
Huila
Norte
de Santander
Santander
Cundinamarca
Boyaca
• The BPO industry in Colombia
has created more than 130,000
jobs. Diario Económico Portafolio,
2012.
• Companies like Sutherland,
Teleperfomance and
Convergys have major bilingual
operations in the country.
ACDCC, 2012.
• The industry continues to
grow at sustained levels:
13.58% between 2010 and
2011. ACDCC, 2012.
• The value of exports
increased by 125% over the
last five years, reaching US$
141 million in 2011. ACDCC,
2012.
• The Target Market in 2014 for
IT and BPO service companies
in Colombia will be focused on
the segments of Engineering
Services, Research and Development,
IT Services and Value Added BPO
Services. Tholons, 2010.
• For the third consecutive year, Colombia
was included in the report “Top 30 destination
countries for Offshore Services”. The report
highlights the strengths of the country as a location
for call centre operations and transactional BPO work,
proactive government support for the IT sector and
competitive costs. Gartner, 2013.
79
Invest in COLOMBIA
• Voice BPO: Basic Voice (Manizales) – Telesales (Pereira)
• Back Office (Pereira)
• KPO: Biodiversity (Colombia Bioinformatics and
Computational Biology Centre – Manizales)
80. Support: - Hardware and Software Implementation &
Support
Education and Training
Deployment and Integration
PROEXPORT.COM.CO
80
Bogotá
Coffee Triangle
Outsourcing
IT Services: - Infrastructure – Network
& Desktop – Application Management
– Hosted Application Management –
Hosted Infrastructure
Business: Business Outsourcing
Services
IT Support and Training:
Support: - Hardware and
Software Implementation &
Support
Education and Training
Deployment and Integration
Medellín
Outsourcing
TI Services: - Infrastructure
– Network & Desktop –
Application Management
– Hosted Application
Management – Hosted
Infrastructure
Business: Business
Outsourcing Services
IT Support and Training:
Support: - Hardware and
Software Implementation &
Support
Education and Training
Digital Animation
Development of Mobile Applications
Deployment and Integration
Cali
Outsourcing
IT Services: - Network & Desktop – Application Management
and Maintenance
IT Support and Training:
Outsourcing
IT Services: - Network & Desktop –
Application Management and Maintenance
IT Support and Training:
Support: - Hardware and Software
Implementation & Support
Barranquilla
Atlántico
Cundinamarca
Antioquia
Caldas
Risaralda
Quindío
Valle
del Cauca
Outsourcing
IT Services: - Network & Desktop
– Application Management and
Maintenance
IT Support and Training:
Support: - Hardware and
Software Implementation &
Support
Education and Training
Bucaramanga
Outsourcing
IT Services: - Network
& Desktop – Application
Management and Maintenance
IT Support and Training:
Support: - Hardware and Software
Implementation & Support
Education and Training
Popayán
Outsourcing
IT Services: - Network & Desktop –
Application Management and Maintenance
IT Support and Training:
Support: - Hardware and Software Implementation &
Support
81. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
26. In 2011 the IT spend in
Colombia reached the figure
of US$6.1 billion; distributed
respectively in the niches of
hardware US$3.6 bn (58%),
IT services US$1.9 bn (30%),
and software US$698
m (11%). Household and
the Communications
and Media, Banking and
Government sectors
represent more than
50% of the total IT
spend in the country.
IDC, 2012.
27. The IT market
has grown by more
than 26% in the last
5 years. Between
2010 and 2011 sales
increased significantly by
approximately 44%. IDC,
2012.
28. IT Services continue to
be the second most important
technology market, retaining more
than 30% of the market share. In
the period 2010-2011 sales increased
by more than 16%. ITO, Deployment and
Support Services represent over 65% of
Atlantico
Cundinamarca
Antioquia
Caldas
Risaralda
Quindio
Valle
del Cauca
the market share. IDC, 2012.
29. ITO: The sustained growth
of the industry in its different
vertical sectors means a high
demand for IT services.
30. Vertical Sectors:
The country offers a
wide range of sectors
that demand a
high component of
outsourced services,
not only the companies
investing in the country,
but also the base of
domestic companies
which are increasingly
requiring these services.
Invest in COLOMBIA
81
82. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
82
1. Upstream services (exploration
and production)
- It is forecast that Colombia
will have potential oil
reserves of more than 47
billon barrels. Ecopetrol,
2012.
- It is estimated
that by 2014 the
country will hold
570 exploratory
wells and more
than 204 E&P
contracts.
2. Midstreamdownstream
services
(transport,
storage, and
refining)
- Colombia has
approximately
8.000 km of
pipelines and it
seeks to double its
installed capacity.
- Expansion and
modernization projects
are in place in Cartagena’s
refinery (aiming for 160 kbd)
and Barrancabermeja’s refinery
(capacity of 250 kbd).
83. Wellness Tourism:
Development of Thalassotherapy
centres, infrastructure for
hydrotherapy and spas – Wellness
Centres.
Nature
Investment in “Eco-Luxury”
hotels, Eco-gambling,
Ecolodge and sustainable
infrastructure associated
with nature tourism
(eco-trails, observation
towers, bridges,
environmental
management
infrastructure, etc.).
Sun and Beaches:
Luxury hotels, “luxury
included” resorts, golf
resorts.
City Hotels
Construction of
full-, limited- and
select-service hotels in
secondary cities around
the country where the
hotel supply does not yet
meet demand.
Entertainment
Construction of theme parks,
venues for shows and events
(concerts).
- Growth in arrivals of foreign visitors to Colombia is
above the global average. Arrivals of international
visitors to Colombia rose from 600,000 in the
year 2000 to almost 1.7 million in 2012.
- There are tax benefits such as exemption
from income tax for a period of 30 years
in hotel infrastructure, exemption from
income tax for a period of 20 years
for ecotourism services with effect
from the tax year 2003, and tax
and customs duty benefits on
capital goods used for tourism
exports (Vallejo Plan).
Bolívar Guajira
Atlántico
San Andrés
Córdoba
Antioquia
Magdalena
Santander
Boyacá
Chocó
Paisaje
Cultural
Cafetero
Vichada
Altillanura
Valle
del Cauca
Bogotá
Amazonas
- In 2012, real hotel revenues
increased by 7.3% compared
to the previous year, and the
numbers of staff employed
increased by 3.4% in the same
period (DANE 2013).
- In 2012, hotel occupancy
rates reached 53.5%, 1.7
percentage points higher than in
2011 (DANE 2013).
- Colombia has around 750
international flights connecting 20
destinations around the world.
- Colombia climbed 21 places (from
50th to 29th) in the ICCA (International
Congress and Convention Association)
ranking of international events between 2006
and 2012.
- Ma international hotel chains such as Accor, Hilton,
jor
IHG, Wyndham, Meliá and Starwood have come to the
country.
83
Invest in COLOMBIA
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
84. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
84
1. Production
- Located on the equator, it is
unaffected by hurricanes,
typhoons and other natural
phenomena. IGAC, 2010.
- Well-established,
internationally
experienced companies
are present in the
country offering high
quality products and
skilled personnel.
2. R+D+i
- Internationally
recognised
research centre
CENIACUA
has fostered
scientific and
technological
advancement for
the development
of the industry
– via the
establishment
of best practise
and the cultivation
of production. The
centre also contains a
Genetic Improvement
Project acknowledged
both nationally and
internationally.
3. Logistics Centers
- Free Trade Agreements are
currently in force, undersigned and in
negotiations with the major shrimp and
prawn importers of the region and the
- The climate and
water temperatures in
Colombia are relatively
invariable, resulting
in stable production
throughout the year. IGAC,
2010.
86. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
86
1. Production
- Good physiographical soil, and climate
condition support the cultivation of
cocoa. Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development) (MADR),
2010.
- The modernization of crops
to clones guarantees worldclass cocoa and improves
current production.
National Cocoa
Development Plan
2012-2021.
- Defined genetic
material (both
regional and
universal clones)
is in place for use
according to the
needs of each
agro-ecological
zone in the country.
Fedecacao, Ministry
of Agriculture and
Corpoica, 2011.
- Income tax
exemption exists
for slow-yield crops
plantations established
between 2003 and
2014.
2. Logistics Centres
- Free Trade Agreements are in
force and in negotiation with
the primary cocoa importing
global markets.
3. R+D+i
- The 10-year Cocoa Plan 2012-2021
primarily aims at making Colombia
a world-class player in the Fine and
Aromatic Cocoa market. It aims at
increasing productivity from an average of
400 kg/ha/year to 1,200 kg/ha/year and reach
modern crop production of 1,800 kg/ha/year.
The 10-year Cocoa Plan 2012-2021.
- Research aimed at increasing average
yields from 400 kg/ha/year to 1,200
kg/ha/year and achieving yields
of 1,800 Kg/Ha/year for modern
crop varieties. Ten-year Cocoa
Plan 2012-2021
Production and logistics centres.
Production.
Production and R+D+i
- Colombian cocoa
is characterized by
its intense flavour
and aroma, qualities
held by only 5% of
the world’s beans.
International Cocoa
Organization, ICCO,
2011.
- Ecuador, Colombia,
Peru and Venezuela
produce 70% of
the world’s fine and
aromatic cocoa. FAO,
2010
- Colombia has two million
hectares with potential
to develop cocoa crops.
Ministry of Agriculture 2003.
- The confectionery and
chocolate industry is part
of the Ministry of Commerce,
Industry, and Tourism’s Productive
Transformation Programme
(PTP) - seeking to increase sector
competitiveness via public-private alliances
and business plans.
87. - The trade deficit
in forest products
represents an
opportunity
to exploit the
domestic market
in view of its
size - 46 million
inhabitants in
2011. DANE.
- Private sector funded
research centres focusing on
research into a single product,
facilitating the transfer and
adoption of results. (Cenicafe, Conif,
Cenicaña, Augura, Ceniacua, Cenipalma,
Cevipapa, Ceniflores)
-
Biotechnology research
to develop seeds with higher
yields per planted hectare
and pest control. Corpoica
CBB 2013.
Invest in COLOMBIA
87
88. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
88
1. Production
- Ethanol: Colombia has the highest
sugarcane production yield rate in the
world. FAO, 2010.
- Biodiesel: Colombia is the fifth
highest global producer of palm
oil, taking first place in Latin
America. FAO, 2010.
- The biomass generated
from the cultivation of
palm oil can produce
energy, extracted
from methane and
other by-products.
International
Conference on Palm
Oil 2012.
- The biofuel produced
in Colombia reduces
greenhouse gas
emissions by
approximately
86%, placing it
above the standard
requirements in
Europe and the United
States. International
Conference on Palm Oil,
2012.
2. Logistics Centres
- Colombia holds Free Trade
Agreements with biofuel
importing countries.
3. R+D+i
- A network of R+D+I centres support
the industry including CENIPALMA (the
National Centre for Oil Palm Research) and
Sugar Cane (CENICAÑA).
- Construction of new biorefineries, biomass plants and
development of Transesterification, to enable the conversion
of sugarcane and oil palm into biodiesel.
90. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
90
ADVANTAGES
In 2011 the consumption of flat
steel products in Colombia
reached 1.5 million tons per year
with a domestic production
deficit of around 63%.
Over the coming years
demand for steel will be
driven by the national
government’s plans to
build a million homes and
to invest in infrastructure,
which will double as a
proportion of GDP by
2021, reaching US$ 55
billion.
The production of flat
products in Colombia
represents 24% of the total
metal produced. Andi, 2012
Over 680 companies in
Colombia are involved in the
metal-mechanic sector. BPR
Benchmark, 2012.
The metal-mechanic sector in
Colombia produces the ma
jority of
flat products by smelting recycled
steel. Andi, 2012
Atlantico
Antioquia
Bogota
Boyaca
Valle del
Cauca
· The metal-mechanic sector represents an
advantage in terms of converting the country
into an export platform, as it has technological
know-how, modern manufacturing
equipment, international goodwill, high
quality standards, manufacturing
of small batches at lower cost
and shorter delivery times than
the competition, and a stable
workforce, amongst other
advantages. Andi, 2012
· At the end of 2012, Colombia
became one of the group of
20 countries producing more
than 1 million barrels of oil
per day and this is expected
to continue to rise. This
will generate a sustained
demand for industry-related
products.
· With an energy
production capacity of
14,480 GW/hour and
more than 1,000 MMcfd
of natural gas, the country
has the energy resources
necessary for the operation of
steelworks and metal-mechanic
plants.
· The steel and metal-mechanic
sector represents 12% of Colombian
industry and generates 15% of
employment in manufacturing
industry. Andi 2012
· Demand for steel in Colombia increased
by 57% between 2005 and 2011, with
consumption reaching 3.3 million tons in 2011.
Andi 2012
· Skilled workforce: Over 111,000 technicians and
professionals graduated between 2001 and 2011.
Observatorio Laboral, 2012
91. 1. In 2013, Colombia continued
to hold 4th place out of 12
Latin American and Caribbean
countries in the ranking
produced by the Latin
American Private Equity &
Venture Capital Association
(LAVCA), which measures
favourable conditions for
the development of the
PEF industry.
2. One of Colombia’s
strengths is its attactive
regulatory framework
for the formation and
management of private
equity funds.
3. Colombia represents 1%
of total resources raised
in Private Equity Funds and
Venture Capital in Latin
America, with Latin America
representing 5% globally.
4. There are 38 funds with a
committed capital of more than
USD 3.7 billion, which represents a
major alternative source of financing for
Colombian businesses.
5. There is an excellent opportunity to
secure local capital resources from institutional
investors such as pension funds and insurance
companies, which have performed outstandingly in
recent years.
Invest in COLOMBIA
91
92. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
92
OPPORTUNITIES
• The National Government plans to increase investment to US$10 billion in 2014
and US$30 billion in 2021.
• Colombia is the country with the third largest infrastructure needs in
Latin America. It has 250 km of paved road network per million
inhabitants, while countries like Chile have 1,000 km.
• According to BP, Colombia was the sixth biggest world coal
producer in 2012, with an international export handling
requirement of 110 million tons per year.
RIVER AND PORT PROJECTS
• Project to improve navigability and cargo transport on the River Magdalena.
• Orinoco Corridor: Meta – Orinoco – Atlántico.
• Amazon Corridor: Putumayo – Amazon – Atlántico.
• Construction of 1 New Port in Dibulla (Guajira) and 2 new
ports between Ciénaga and Santa Marta.
• Expansion of new container ports in Cartagena and
increased oil export capacity via the Ecopetrol port in
Coveñas.
• Deepening of the Buenaventura access channel
is currently underway and will shortly be followed
by a deepening of the Cartagena access channel.
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
• The National Government aims at increasing
forecast investment to US$1.1 billion in 2014 and
US$1.7 billion in 2021.
• The Ministry of Transport has been implementing a
program called Roads for Prosperity to improve 50,000
km of the tertiary road network over a four-year period.
• The Colombian government plans to have 5,200 km of
dual carriageway in place by 2021.
AIRPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE
• In 2014 passenger numbers will increase
from 23.4 to 30 million.
• In 2014 works will be completed at the
El Dorado terminal and a new control tower
will be built.
• By mid-2013, new airports will be built in
Cartago, Armenia, Neiva, and Popayán and the
license to operate the Ernesto Cortissoz airport
in Barranquilla will be re-awarded.
• Civil works at Cali Airport and structuring of the new
airport in Ipiales.
RAILWAYS
• Central Railway System: 1,045 km. Project currently being structured to initiate
a public tender process.
• El Carare Train Concession: 460 km, construction of second line on the
Atlantic Railway Network (45 km La Loma - Ciénaga).
Source: National Infrastructure Agency. ANI
93. MOTORWAYS FOR COMPETITIVENESS
Ruta Del Sol
(Sectors 1, 2 and 3)
Americas – Sector 1
PORTS
Ports
RAILWAYS
Autopista de la
Montaña Motorway
Central Railway
System
Buenaventura Bogota – Cucuta
Corridor
Atlantic Railway
Network
Highland
Railways
El Carare Rail
Project
AIRPORTS
Airports Under
License
North-East
Airports
Coffee
Triangle
Airports
Pacific
Railway
Network
Source: ANI.
Invest in COLOMBIA
93
94. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
94
GENERAL INFORMATION
• International cargo market of 120 million
tons (seaports only).
• Local cargo market of 160 million tons, and
an air cargo market of 680,000 tons.
• 75% of the world’s largest distribution
companies have access to the
service ports handling Colombian
imports and exports.
• Over 80% of foreign trade,
in volume and value, is
concentrated in 5 cities
and their service areas,
but the country has one
of the longest average
distances between
centers of production and
consumption.
• Coal and fuel account
for 75% of the country’s
volume of foreign trade.
Excluding these, 81%
of the value of trade is
handled in containers, the
rest in dry bulk.
• 47% of cargo handled
in the 4 main port cities
(Buenaventura, Santa
Marta, Cartagena, and
Barranquilla) consists of
containers, the main port
being Cartagena. 22% is coal,
mostly handled by Santa Marta, and
20% is solid bulk.
Sources:
• National Planning Department.
(2008).
• Conpes – National Logistics Policy Policy (2008).
• Port Supervision Authority.
• Ministry of Transport.
• Regional Port Authorities.
• Invias.
OPPORTUNITIES
• The privileged position of Colombia, with coastlines
facing the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean and
as a gateway to South America, enables it to have
connections with the world’s main ports and
production and distribution centers.
• Creation of logistics platforms
(transshipment platforms).
• Creation of dry ports.
• Creation of an infrastructure that will
allow for multimodal transport.
• Improvement of cold chain (division
of cold, dry, and frozen foods increase
in capacity of sorticontainers).
• Introduction of information
systems to enable real time
monitoring of
loading and
unloading of goods (at certain
ports).
• Thanks to its trade treaties,
Colombia has preferential access to
1,500 million consumers.
BENEFITS
• Low freight charges compared with other
countries in the region for general transport
of goods to markets in North America, South
America, and Central America.
• Approximately 1,000 cargo flight frequencies.
• Third most important market in Latin America.
• Thanks to its trade treaties, Colombia has preferential access
to 1,500 million consumers.
95. TYPES OF LOGISTICS
PLATFORMS
Urban
distribution
and cargo
consolidation
logistics areas
Support at
border logistics
areas
Sta. Marta
Barranquilla
Cartagena
Riohacha
Maicao
Valledupar
Dry ports
Sincelejo
Monteria
Turbo
Cucuta
Bucaramanga
Air cargo
centers
Barrancabermeja
Medellin
Pto Berrio
Manizales
Pereira
Armenia
Buenaventura
Tunja
Ibague
Buga
Bogota D.C.
Multimodal
platforms
Cali
Regional cargo
consolidation
logistics areas
Neiva
Popayan
Tumaco
Pasto
Ipiales
Port Logistic
Actitivity Zones (LAZ)
Source: CONPES.
Invest in COLOMBIA
95
97. PROEXPORT COLOMBIA is the organization in charge of
promoting Colombia as an international tourist destination,
attracting direct foreign investment and fostering nontraditional exports.
Through our national and international office network, we
provide support and comprehensive assistance to
national entrepreneurs, through offering services with
the aim of facilitating the design and execution of its
internationalization strategy, seeking the generation and
tracking of business opportunities.
We foster international business through the identification
of market opportunities, the design of penetration strategies,
the internationalization of companies, assistance in the
design of action plans, contact between entrepreneurs
Our network of sales promotion offices helps us to provide
a wide array of services, both for Colombian exporters
international buyers and foreign investors.
CUSTOMIZED INFORMATION
CONTACTS WITH THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS
AGENDAS: ORGANIZATION AND ASSISTANCE WHEN VISITING COLOMBIA
ATTENTION TO THE ESTABLISHED INVESTOR
FREE AND CONFIDENTIAL: EVERY SERVICE IS FREE AND THE INFORMATION SUPPLIED
IN THE PROCESS IS HANDLED CONFIDENTIALLY
97
Invest in COLOMBIA
PROEXPORT
COLOMBIA
INVESTOR
SERVICES
in sales promotion, investment and international tourism
activities; the specialized services offered to foreign
entrepreneurs who are interested in acquiring Colombian
goods and services or investing in Colombia, and the
creation of alliances with private and public, national
and international entities, enabling us to broaden the
availability of resources in order to support the various
corporate initiatives promoted by the organization for the
development and improvement of its service portfolio.
98. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
98
EXPORT
PORTFOLIO
INVESTMENT
PORTFOLIO
TOURISM
PORTFOLIO
COLOMBIA
COLOMBIA
COLOMBIA
» Plans for business colaboration
» Seminars for established investors.
» SIFAI (Encouraging and facilitating
» Business colaboration
» Plan–Exporter projects.
» Institutional Projects.
with exporters.
» Commercial Information and
adequate supply (Centros de
Información, DEI and Cooperation).
Buyer mission.
COLOMBIA AND OVERSEAS
» Buyer mission.
» Business networking.
» International fairs.
investment system).
» Regional level articulation and promotion.
COLOMBIA AND OVERSEAS
COLOMBIA AND OVERSEAS
» Preparation of tailor made information.
» Coordination and development of
» Special Projects.
» Business events.
» Particular promotion activities.
investment agendas.
» Technical and commercial missions.
» Showrooms.
» Webpage for exporters and buyers
» Contact with key private and public
ABROAD
ABROAD
» International Seminars and Events.
sector entities.
Plans – with operators.
» Workshops, destination
ABROAD
» Trade agenda.
»
» Exporters mission.
www.colombiatrade.com.co
» Business collaboration promotion
www.investincolombia.com.co
presentations, and international
fairs.
» Familiarization trips / media
Tourism Portal.
Institutional added value presence
(activations).
www.colombia.travel
100. PROEXPORT.COM.CO
100
- Support for established investors.
Implement expansion plans (re-investment,
exports, corporate tourism).
- Detect obstacles and refer concerns
to relevant parties.
- Provide support to established foreign
investors.
• Tailor-made information
• Agenda coordination for investors
• Comprehensive workplan with journalists and
opinion generators
- Identifying / linking projects with
national and regional support.
- Cooperate with regional entities.
103. GERMANY
CANADA
Montreal,
Toronto.
Vancouver
UNITED STATES
San Francisco, Miami, Los Angeles, Washington D.C
New York, Houston, Atlanta, Dallas. Chicago
MEXICO
Mexico City, Guadalajara.
NORTH TRIANGLE (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador)
COSTA RICA (Panama).
COLOMBIA
UNITED
KINGDOM
FRANCE
PORTUGAL
CHILE
JAPAN
SOUTH KOREA
CHINA
CARIBBEAN
Beijing,
Shanghai,
Pto.Rico, Dominican Republic
Trinidad and Tobago
VENEZUELA
ECUADOR
PERU
RUSSIA
Invest in COLOMBIA
103
SPAIN
INDIA
UNITED
ARAB
EMIRATES
BRAZIL
ARGENTINA
TURKEY
INDONESIA
PROEXPORT
IN THE WORLD
For more information about
the investment opportunities in
Colombia please contact:
info@proexport.com.co
