The slide presentation as a result of our field work for local knowledge.

1. Breaking the Walls of the Walled City: A Quest for Local Knowledge Report Authors: Irish, Chen, Vicky, and Ryan Institution: St. Paul University Dumaguete, Ethnic Minorities Research Institute @Yunnan University, Miriam College, West Negros University Website: http://people.audrn.net/group/thewalledcityintramuros Email: iseq22@gmail.com, cxlxsb@yahoo.com.cn, vicdemonteverde@yahoo.com, ryansilverio@yahoo.com

4. Findings/Results/Learnings (1.)Some impact which from Spanish, America and China could be seen in the citizens’ present daily life in Manila. Such as the couple hold their wedding ceremony in the church, and the couple have to book the place 6 months or one year before. Some taxi driver put the small statue of a Saint (Mother Mary) in the taxi. (2)Some Manila citizens’ house was influenced by the Spanish style. The post office, Casa manila, and other establishments. (3)Transportation: two kinds of transportation tools which from Spanish and American; the Kalesa and Jeepney, respectively, and we can find the handicrafts in the souvenir shop, but it is marked “Philipines”. (4) The outsiders learned the local knowledge after they come. The first church was destroyed by the typhoon, fire, eathquake, so they learned more knowledge on structure from local people such as using bricks and stones.

5. Findings/Results/Learnings

7. Insights and Reflection Our national hero: fight against Spanish’ control after he came back from overseas. There are some connection or relationship between the history and the citizens’ present daily life or concept of value. But we should discuss this topic under the methods and viewpoints of historical anthropology. That is to say how the citizens interpret the history of Manila or Philippines? How could we interpret the citizens’ present daily life according to the history? Statistics of the quantity of the church in different period in Philippines: 1581-1595 4 1865-1909 1 1910-1949 15 1950-1969 30 1970-1979 16 1980-1999 12 2000-2004 7 Total 85

9. Findings/Results/Learnings

12. Findings/Results/Learnings

13. Insights and Reflections Despite being branded as a culture and heritage site, Intramuros need to be developed and maximized as an educational site. Problems have been identified such as lack of reference or markers to fully inform public about the relevance of specific materials. For example, there are cultural/heritage materials found at Fort Santiago that were left exposed in not so recognized areas that do not have marks. Intramuros is also an area of irony where both poverty and richness of history co-exist. In San Agustin Church, for example, there are hundreds of artifacts such as statues and paintings that are dated back to the 17 th Century. The area surrounding the San Agustin Church, however, houses informal settlers.

14. Insights and Reflections According to F. Steinberg, Senior Urban Development Specialist of the Asian Development Bank, , around 14,280 square meters of land are occupied by informal settlers. As of 2005, a total 16,116 informal settlers or 1,321 families occupy Intramuros. (See: http://www.adb.org/documents/events/2009/Urban-CoP-Revitalization/F-Steinberg.pdf ) There seems to be a disconnect between people’s appreciation of Intramuros and the messages that Intramuros wants to convey to its visitors and residents. Intramuros has already been highly commercialized without giving much regard to the historical and cultural nature of the place. One possible reason for this is the passing of a law in August 1956, RA1607, transforming Intramuros into a commercial, residential and educational district. The said law paved the way towards road widening and opening of portions of the wall to support such purpose.

15. Applications and Purposes Advocacy material to inform duty-bearers about the challenges and problems in terms of preservation and identification of cultural/heritage materials. As per PD 1616, the Intramuros Administration has the mandate to issue and ensure implementation of fules and regulations as regards conservation, utilization and management of Intramuros. The following are relevant provision of PD1616 that may be used as reference: Section 3. Functions and Powers. The Administration shall have the following functions and powers: (b) To initiate, plan, undertake and supervise the restoration, upkeep and maintenance of the Intramuros Walls, including the ravelins, moat, Sunken Garden, and public places or areas, plazas, streets and other government properties situated within Intramuros;

16. Applications and Purposes (c) To adopt, issue, promulgate and implement regulations pertaining to zoning, building height, dimensions, architectural style and designs, and other specifications of the building construction to be undertaken therein; (d) To regulate traffic, street usage, and other related matters within the area; (e) To determine and regulate the architecture of buildings erected within Intramuros, the utilization of the said buildings, the size and nature of display signs, advertising billboards, neon lights, and other external signs and advertisements in buildings; lawphi1.net (f) To require private holders to modify the design of existing buildings so as to comply with approved specifications;

17. Applications and Purposes Educational material to inform public/students about the gaps in terms of government/duty-bearers fulfillment of responsibilities; Guideposts for students to further conduct historical research (e.g. why was Quirino detained in a separate cell vis-à-vis other prisoners during the Japanese period?)

20. Results/Findings/Learnings

21. Table Summary GOAL UNDERSTANDING Knowledge The Walled City, Intramuros, is a center of Philippine Heritage, Culture, and History. Method Field observation, Random interview, and Photo documentation Purpose Rediscovering the different stories Intramuros can offer for culture, politics, architecture, tradition, history, natural science and arts. Form The heritage is a very good tool for different subjects. Studying the area through research and data can be used to empower the locals of the area and let them continue in preserving it.

22. Table Summary GOAL UNDERSTANDING Knowledge The Walled City, Intramuros, is a place which has a complex meaning of history, culture, modernization and localization. Method Observation and photo documentation. Purpose To discover the connection or relationship between the history and the citizens’ daily life or concept of value. And how the citizens interpret the present situation according to the history? Form The research on the modernization and localization under the viewpoint of Historical Anthropology.

23. Thank you! Report Authors: << Please replace these items with appropriate information Institution: Website: Email: