This document discusses the work of Robert Rosen and George Lakoff on complexity theory and causality in complex systems. Rosen developed relational models to represent organisms as complex systems with multiple, intertwined causal relationships rather than direct causation. Lakoff analyzed how direct and systemic causality frame different worldviews. Together they show how reductionist science relies on direct causality, as does radical conservatism, while complexity science and progressive thinking incorporate systemic causality.