1. CHLOROPHYTA

3. Multinucleate

6. 2 or multiples of 2 flagella equal in length

8. Colonial flagellates

9. Non-motile unicells

10. Non-motile colonies

11. Branched or unbranched filaments

13. asexual: zoospores or autospores

14. Sexual: isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous

16. Sporic

18. No PER

19. Thylakoids in stacks of several to many

20. DNA scattered

21. Starch is stored within the chloroplast

22. Conspicuous chloroplastsEYESPOT - Within the chloroplast but not associated with the flagella

23. Acrosiphonia sp. Ploidy: N Life History: Sporicheteromorphic

25. Dichotomously branched

26. multinucleatePloidy: 2n Life History: Gametic

27. Codium Sporangia

28. Codium Utricle

29. Prasiola sp.

31. UlvalactucaParenchymatous blade formation

32. Example of a Chlorophyte

33. Example of a Chlorophyte 2

34. Example of a Chlorophyte 3

35. Example of a Chlorophyte 4: Volvox sexual reproduction

36. Example of a Chlorophyte 5

37. Example of a Chlorophyte 6

38. Example of a Chlorophyte 7 oogonia Antheridium

40. The 2 membranes of the chloroplast envelope and the scattered light areas containing fibrils of DNA

43. they are located within the chloroplast but not close to the flagella

44. the eyespot operates by intercepting (shading) and/or reflecting (increasing the illumination) light onto the photoreceptor pigment, which is localized in either the plasma or chloroplast membranes over the eyespot

47. note the arrangements of the thylakoids into grana stacks (dark areas) which are connected by stroma lamellae

48. the scattered areas containing chloroplast DNA (in between the grana stacks) (NA)

52. Mastocarpuspapillatus/Petrocelis Mastocarpus – N (gametophyte) Life History: sporicheteromorphic life history Petrocelis – 2N (tetrasporophyte) - Dark purple to nearly black

53. Mastocarpus Life Cycle

54. Mastocarpus

55. Petrocelis phase

56. Chondracanthusexasperatus

58. if these are not present then its a tetrasporophyte (2N)- Life history: Sporicheteromorphic

59. Sparlingiapertusa Ploidy: if there are bumps then it’s a gametophyte (N) with cystocarps; if not, then it’s a tetrosporophyte (2N) Life History: Sporicheteromorphic

60. Polysiphoniapacifica

63. Polyneuralatissima Ploidy: if there are bumps then it’s a gametophyte (N) with cystocarps; if not, then it’s a tetrosporophyte (2N) Life History: Sporicheteromorphic

64. Grateloupiadoryphora

65. Porphyrafallax Ploidy: N Life History: SporicHeteromorphic - Conchocelis stage is 2N

66. Example of a Rhodophyte: Polysiphonia

67. Example of a Rhodophyte 2: Porphyra

68. Example of a Rhodophyte 3: Hollenbergia

69. Conchocelis phase of Porphyra

70. PHAEOPHYTA

73. Long flagellum has 2 rows of mastigonemes

74. Shorter flagellum is smooth and directed backward

75. Has a light receptor

77. Sometimes very large

78. Unbranched filaments

79. Parenchymatous

80. Pseudoparenchymatous is rare

81. Have a meristoderm:

82. small surface cells with chloroplasts and capable of division

83. cortex:

84. general larger cells lacking chloroplasts which do not divide

85. Medulla:

87. Asexual: by zoospores formed in plurilocular sporangia

89. gametes range from oogamous to isogamous

92. Storage product is stored outside the chloroplast

93. 4 membranes surround the chloroplast

94. 2 membrane envelope and PER

95. Thylakoids are in stacks of 3

97. RUBISCO in the pyrenoids

98. Cell wall always present – made of cellulose, alginic acid and polysaccharides

100. Fucales: Fucusgardneri Ploidy: 2N Life History: gametic meiosis forms gametes which fuse to form a 2N zygote that grows into the adult plant Other: parenchymatousthalli with apical meristems Anatomy: meristoderm, cortex and medulla present - Receptacles (ends of blades) contain pores (small depressions) under which are conceptacles (spaces) within which are oogonia, antheridia or both

101. Fucus Life Cycle

102. Chloroplast of Fucus

103. Fucales: Pelvetiopsislimitata Ploidy: 2N Life History: Gametic meiosis forms gametes which fuse to form a diploid zygote that grows into the adult plant

104. Melanosiphonintestinalis

105. Ralfsia - Dark brown or yellowish brown

106. Scytosiphonales: Petalonia fascia Ploidy: N(crusts are diploid sporophytes) Life History: Sporic Other: Growth is diffuse

107. Scytosiphonales: Scytosiphonlomentaria Ploidy: N (crusts are diploid sporophytes) Life History: Sporic Other: growth is diffuse

108. Laminariales: Saccharinalatissima Ploidy: 2N Life History: SporicHeteromorphic, with microscopic filamentous gametophytes

109. Laminariales: Nereocystisluetkeana Ploidy: 2N Life History: Sporicheteromorphic with microscopic filamentous gametophytes

111. their cross-walls have fields of pored with plasmodesmata

113. Laminariales: Saccharinasessilis Ploidy: 2N Life History: SporicHeteromorphic with microscopic filamentous gametophytes

114. Laminariales: Alaria sp. Ploidy: 2N Life History: Sporicheteromorphic with microscopic filamentous gametophytes

115. Laminariales: Costariacostata Ploidy: 2N Life History: Sporicheteromorphic with microscopic filamentous gametophytes

116. Laminariales: Egregiamenziesii Ploidy: 2N Life History: Sporicheteromorphic with microscopic filamentous gametophytes

117. Laminariales Reproduction

118. Desmarestiales: Desmarestiaacuelata Ploidy: 2N Life History: SporicHeteromorphic with microscopic filamentous gametophytes Other: trichothallicmeristem (at the base of hair) which produces a pseudoparenchymatousuniaxialthallus ** only pseudoparenchymatous brown

119. Desmarestiales: Desmarestia sp. Ploidy: 2N Life History: SporicHeteromorphic with microscopic filamentous gametophytes Other: trichothallicmeristem (at the base of hair) which produces a pseudoparenchymatousuniaxialthallus ** only pseudoparenchymatous brown

122. borne on the diploid plant

123. this thallus is called the sporophyte

125. Diagram of a brown algal cell

126. Pyrenoids of a brown algal cell

127. Spermatangia

128. Polysiphonous

129. Heterocysts

131. Pennate Centric

132. Girdle VIew Valve View

133. Geminata

134. Diatom Silica wall formation

135. VolvoxGonidium

136. Oogonia Antheridia

137. Heterocyst & Akinete heterocyst akinete

138. CRYPTOPHYTA

141. Tan

142. Blue-green

146. Thylakoids usually in stacks of 2

147. Chlorophylls a and c

148. Phycobilins present

149. Chloroplast DNA in scattered nucleoids

150. 4 membranes around chloroplast

152. Ejectosomes line the gullet

155. they are located with in the chloroplast but not close to the flagella

156. the eyespot operates by either intercepting light (shading) or reflecting light (increasing the illumination) onto the photoreceptor pigment

159. DINOPHYTA

161. Golden-brown

162. Red-brown

164. One is flattened and wraps around the cell

167. Chlorophylls a and c

168. No phycobilins

169. Thylakoids in stacks of 3

171. Cell wall internal if present

172. Has a girdle

173. Has a sulcus

174. Hypotheca is located posterior on area that has the sulcus

175. Epitheca is apical

177. Example of a Dinoflagellate 2 Displace girdle sulcus

178. Example of a Dinoflagellate 3 Ventral View: sulcus and girdle Is flattened therefore has jerky swimming motion Dorsal View: girdle only

183. Eukaryotic

186. Usually only one is emergent

188. No phycobilins

189. Store paramylon which is similar to starch

190. 3 membranes around the chloroplast

191. Thylakoids in stacks of 3

193. It is large, anterior, near the reservoir

194. Not located in the chloroplast

197. Example of an Euglenophyte 2

198. Example of an Euglenophyte 3 Show no metaboly

199. Euglena longitudinal section - Note the distinctive outer covering, the pellicle

203. chloroplast envelope has 2 membranes

204. Middle photo: dinobryon (chrysophyte)

205. has a girdle lamella

206. PER surrounds chloroplast

207. chrloroplast envelope has 2 membranes

208. lower photo: trachelomonas (euglenophyte)

209. chloroplast envelope has 3 membranes

215. No phycobilins

216. 4 membranes around the chloroplast

217. 1 or 2 chloroplasts present

218. Thylakoids in stacks of 3

219. 2 membrane PER

223. Outer view of a haptophyte - The cell surface is completely encased in coccoliths , special organic scales encrusted with calcium carbonate

224. Electron micrograph of Chrysochromulina - This photograph shows the two flagella and a haptonema, the latter lightly coiled at the tip

225. Several cross-sections through a haptonema - Note the outer sheath of three concentric membranes and the inner circle of 6 or 7 microtubules

227. chloroplast envelope has 2 membranes

228. Middle photo: dinobryon (chrysophyte)

229. has a girdle lamella

230. PER surrounds chloroplast

231. chrloroplast envelope has 2 membranes

232. lower photo: trachelomonas (euglenophyte)

233. chloroplast envelope has 3 membranes

234. All three groups share stacking of thylakoids in three