10. How many people
Tickets scanned
41.392
Suites & boxes
24.802
Staff
1.593
67.787 people
COUNT
Upper ring
~5 sections x
~1.500 seats
Lower ring
~16 sections x
~2.000 seats
Suites & boxes
~25.000 seats
~64.500 people
COMPUTE
Capacity: 114.500
45% full
~ 51.500 people
JUDGE
Steve McConnell - Software Estimation, Demystifying the Black Art
11. Count, Compute, Judge
COSMIC Standard Count
Current
approximation approaches Compute
New approaches Judge &
Compute
22. Localization
All approaches are based on documents
Content can vary from place to place
Local calibration is necessary
Local means that calibration is done in an
environment that is representative
23. The localization principle
Define high-level software artifacts
Verify that they are representative
Artifacts must be similar in size or
classifiable into size bands
Determine the scaling factor
Always give an indication of precision
Verify the local results
24. The different approaches
Average functional process
Fixed size classification
Equal size bands
Average use case
Early & Quick
EASY
Textual requirements
EPCU
25. The case:Web Advice Module
Early specification shows two Use Cases:
1. Web Advice
2. Support processes
This module aims to help customers
seeking advice via the web on whether to
rent or obtain a mortgage to buy a house
26. UC1 – Web Advice
On the start page the customer is presented with a short
introduction text and five propositions with which he can agree,
disagree or choose neutral. Based on the set of choices the
customer gets a general advice on the best option and specific
texts for each choice that has an answer in the category of the
general advice. The application contains business rules that define
which answer leads to which type of general advice and what
specific text is displayed that relates to a specific choice.
In addition, the customer may require advice on renting or on a
mortgage to buy a house. To help the customer, he may send a
request for an advice session from the Web Advice Module. The
customer enters personal and contact data in a request form.
From the Web Advice Module the customer can access an existing
mortgage assessment module.
27. UC2 – Support processes
When the Web Advice Module detects erroneous processing, this
must be communicated to the user as an error message in a
separate window.
If the customer has not used any functionality of the pages of the
Web Advice Module for more than five minutes, a pop-up message
will appear with a message that the customer has been inactive for
too long and that the entered data and answers are not available
anymore.
All texts must be editable without the assistance of a programmer.
30. Fixed size classification
Assign a category to a functional process:
Small 5 CFP
Medium 10 CFP
Large 15 CFP
. . . .
To estimate:
Classify in which band a FP belongs
31. Early estimate
Fixed size classification approximation
Identify the functional processes
Classify each process as:
Small 5 CFP
Medium 10 CFP
Large 15 CFP
32. Equal size bands
Count a sample of software
Sort the functional processes on size
Divide the total size in bands
Calculate the size of an average
functional process in each band
To estimate:
Classify in which band a FP belongs
33. Equal size bands – example
96 CFP
12 FP
4 bands
(4 x 3 + 2 x 6) / 6 = 4
(6 + 2 x 9) / 3 = 8
(2 x 12) / 2 = 12
24
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
B1 B2 B3 B4
S
M
L
XL
34. Early estimate
Equal size bands approximation
Identify the functional processes
Classify each functional process as:
Small 4.8 CFP
Medium 7.7 CFP
Large 10.7 CFP
Very large 16.4 CFP
35. Average Use Case
Scaling from Use Case to CFP
8 CFP/Functional Process
3.5 Functional Process/Use Case
28 CFP/Use Case
38. Early estimate
Early & Quick approximation
Identify the processes
Classify each process as:
Functional Process
Typical Process
General Process
Macro Process
Look up the corresponding size estimate
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
39. EASY
Two types of classification
EASY is the acronym for EArly & SpeedY
40. Early estimate
EASY approximation
Identify the functional processes
Classify each functional process as:
Small
Medium
Large
Complex
Look up the corresponding size estimate
Little unknown
Unknown (No FUR)
42. Textual requirements
Count informally written requirements
per functional process
Store requirements and size as reference
Divide functional processes into sets of
fuzzy size classes
Train a text classification algorithm to the
linguistic features of the reference set
43. EPCU
EPCU is the acronym for Estimation of Projects in a Context of Uncertainty
“The Uncertainty: it is not possible to measure it,
however it is possible to contextualize it”
46. Early estimate
EPCU approximation
Identify the functional processes
Visit www.mepe.com.mx
Estimate each functional process based on:
Functional Process Size
Level of Object of Interest
49. EPCU Size classification
Functional process Classification
(linguistic
values)
Functional
process size
(value
assignment)
Start page Large Many
Advice Medium Few
Mortgage
assessment Small Average
Error handling Small Low
Inactivity Small Low
Editable texts Small Low
Translate to a
scale of 0 – 5
Small 2
Medium 2,5
Large 4
Low 0.5
Few 2
Average 3
Many 3.5
53. EPCU Measurement
Error handling | Inactivity | Editable texts
Functional classification: Small
Functional process size: Low
54. EPCU Measurement results
Functional process Classification
(linguistic
values)
Estimated
Functional Size
using ‘Equal Size
Bands’ approach
Functional
process size
(value
assignment)
Presence of OOI
related to the
functional
process (value
assignment)
Approximation
using EPCU
Model
Start page Large 4 Many 3.5 15.09
Advice Medium 2.5 Few 2 8.53
Mortgage
assessment Small 2 Average 3 10.70
Error handling Small 2 Low 0.5 4.59
Inactivity Small 2 Low 0.5 4.59
Editable texts Small 2 Low 0.5 4.59
Total 48.09
55. Approximation results
Average Functional Process 48 CFP
Fixed Size Classification 45 CFP
Equal Size Bands 43.5 CFP
Average Use Case 56 CFP
Early & Quick 39.6 CFP
EASY 56.1 CFP
EPCU 48.09 CFP
56. Approximation versus Detailed
Detailed functional size 42 CFP
PERT on approximation
(39.6 + 4 x 48 + 56.1)
= 47.95 CFP
6
57. Recap
Three reasons for approximation
Speed, Timing or Quality
Six established approaches available
New approaches in development
Always calibrate locally
Guideline for Early or Rapid COSMIC FSM
cosmic-sizing.org/?p=3244