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1. * GB785413 (A)
Description: GB785413 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in self loading transports
Description of GB785413 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Jan 13, 1956.
785,413 No 1248156.
2 @ J A / Application made in United States of America on Jan 17,
1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 68 ( 1), F( 10:12) International
Classification:-E 21 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Self Loading Transports We, AMERICAN ZINC, LEAD AND
SMELTING COMPANY, a Corporation organized and existing under the laws
of the State of Maine, United States of America, whose post office
address is 1515 Paul Brown Building, City of St Louis, County of St.
Louis, State of Missouri, United States of America, do hereby declare
the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us,
and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement
The invention relates to improvements in self loading transports.
The invention consists in a self loading transport which includes a
load receiving body having at the bottom thereof a discharge opening
in front of which and pivoted to the lower edge of the body is a
U-shaped trough to the lower front edge of which and extending
forwardly therefrom is pivoted a shovel movable by power means from a
horizontal load receiving position upwardly and rearwardly between the
side walls of the trough to crowd material from the shovel onto the
trough, which latter is then itself movable by said power means from a
horizontal load receiving position upwardly and rearwardly between the
side walls of the body to crowd material on the trough into the body,
the body also having for said discharge opening a movable closure in
the form of a dump gate suspended from the body and connected to said

2. power means to be opened thereby, the closing of the dump gate being
effected through the connecting of such gate to the trough so that
closure is effected by the movement of the trough toward its
horizontal load receiving position, the gate when closed being held in
such position by a releasable latch means.
The invention provides a self loading lPrice 3/6 l transport wherein
the weight of the shovel and trough is utilized to close the dump gate
positively The self loading transport of the invention also has other
advantages as will be explained 50 Referring now to the accompanying
drawings:
Fig 1 is a view in side elevation of a self loading transport
embodying the present invention; 55 Fig 2 is a plan view of the
transport; Fig 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig 2,
but on an enlarged scale: but reversed right to left; Fig 4 is a side
view of the front por 60 tion of the transport showing the opposite
side from that shown in Fig 1, and showing the parts in a different
position; Fig 5 is a fragmentary side view of the rear portion of the
transport showing 65 the dump gate opened; Fig 6 is a sectional view
taken on the line 6-6 of Fig 2, but showing the parts in the dump
position illustrated in Fig 5; 70 Fig 7 is a fragmentary bottom plan
view looking up at the dump gate in the direction indicated by the
lines 7-7 on Fig 3; Fig 8 is an enlarged fragmentary 75 sectional view
taken on the line 8-8 of Fig 4; Fig 9 is an enlarged fragmentary
sectional view taken on the line 9-9 of Fig 4; So F Pi 10 is an
enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 10-10 of Fig 4;
and Fig 11 is an enlarged fragmentary section view taken on the line
11-11 of 85 Fig 2.
In the self loading transport, shown in the drawings, a shovel 11 is
pivotally supported at its rear lower edge to a trough 12 The shovel
11 has side walls 90 785,413 11 a and 11 b and a bottom wall 11 e but
it is open at the back so that the material picked up by the shovel
can be crowded back into the trough 12 by simply rocking the shovel on
its pivotal mounting to the trough The trough 12 has side walls 12 a
and 12 b and a bottom wall 12 c, but is also open at the back The
shovel 11 is pivoted at its rear edge to the trough 12 by pivot
members 13 and 14 mounted on the shovel 11 and the trough 12
respectively.
The trough 12 is pivoted between side walls 15 and 16 of the transport
These side walls 15 and 16 are joined by a cross bar 17 and a rear
wall 18 to provide a loading body The side walls 15 and 16 are also
connected by a tubular member 19 which provides a pivotal mounting for
a tubular member 20 at the rear lower edge of the trough 12 It will be
evident from the foregoing description that the aggregate picked up by
the shovel 11 can be rocked back onto the trough 12 by lifting the

3. front end of the shovel and that the aggregate in the trough 12 can be
worked back into the loading body of the machine by rocking the trough
12 and the shovel upwardly about the pivotal axis provided bv the
members 19 and 20 The manipulation of the shovel 11 and the trough 12
is accomplished by providing a cross yoke 21 on the top of the shovel
connecting the top ends of the side walls 11 a and 11 b and providing
stop means ld on the shovel to engage the trough side walls 12 a and
12 b The trough is provided with a top cross yoke 22 conlectin the
side walls 12 a and 12 b.
A pull cable 23 is connected to the cross yoke 21 by a sheave unit 24
and a clevis The cable extends rearwardly through an opening 26 in the
rear wall i S of the body of the mnachine The cable extends over a
sheave 27 which is mounted on a rear end support 28 and extends
downwardly from the sheave 27 behind the wall 18 where it is anchored
by a loop 23 a to a pin 29 on a dump gate 30 which closes the bottom
of the loading body of the transport It is believed to be obvious that
by pulling on the free portion 23 b of the cable 23, the shovel 11 can
be lifted and when the shovel stop means lid engages the front edges
of the trough 12, the trough 12 can be rocked about its pivots 19 and
20.
The front portion of the self loading transport which has just been
described, is supported by crawler track units 31 and 32 and the rear
portion of the transport is supported by a pedestal 33 which rests on
a member 34 that is carried by a suitable powered vehicle by which the
self loading transport is manoeuvred The free portion 23 b of the
cable 23 is extended through suitable guide means, not shown, to a
power driven winch on this power vehicle The pedestal 33 is supported
for forward and rearward rocking motion on 70 the member 34 and the
support 25 is pivoted on the pedestal 33, so as to provide for pivotal
movement of the support as about the pedestal A chain 35 or other
suitable means is used to secure the 75 support 2 S on the member:34
so that it cannot bounce off The sleeve 28 a of the support carries a
hook 36 for securing the chain 3 a.
The dump gate 30 is composed of two 80 sections 30 a and 301 b The
section 301) is U-shaped with its side portions:37 and 38 that extend
up outside the walls 1; 5 and 16 of the loading body The loading body
is open between the back wall IS and the 85 cross member 17 so as to
provide a hottom dump opening The side walls 13 and 16 are notched at
39 to provide a stop for the g-ate section 301) The gate section a has
side portions 40 and 41 whieh 90 overlap the side portions 37 and 39
of the gate portion 30 b The front edge of the gate section 30 a is
adapted to abut the cross member 17 when it is in closed position and
the side walls 15 and 16 are 95 shouldered as indicated at 42 to
provide abutments for the gate section 30 a.

4. As illustrated best in Fig 10 the upper ends of the side portions 37
and:38 of the gate section 30 b and the upper ends of the 100 side
portions 40 and 41 of the Qate section 30 a are pivoted on a common
axis near the tops of the side walls 13 and 16.
A hollow bearings 43 is provided on each of the side walls 1-5 and 16
This bear 105 ing is made up of a tubular section 44 which has one end
closed by a plate 45 that is set in the cylindrical section and welded
in place The plates 45 are bolted to the side plates 15 and 16 by
bolts 46 11 O A circular cover plate 47 is secured to the section 44
by screw bolts 48 Each of the side portions 37 and 38 has a
cvlindrical sleeve 49 secured thereto wlhich embraces the cylindrical
section 44 A washer 5 ( is 115 interposed between the body side plate
1.
or 16 and the adjacent sleeve 49 as a wear plate Each of the side
walls 40 find 41 has a cylindrical sleeve 31 thereon which is
rotatably mounted on the sleeve 49 Thie 120 plate 47 is further held
in place by a central bolt 52 which is threaded into the side walls 15
or 16 and which extendfls through the plate 47 to receive a nut 52.
The sleeve 51 is a split sleeve having its 125 top half Sal removable
as indicated in the drawings, so that the gate section 2 Wa can be
dropped down by simply removilw' Two bolts 34 In order to remove the
uate section pob, it is necessary to remove the 130 785,413 bearing
member 43 A from the side wall of the body.
The dump gate 30 is adapted to be opened by a pull on the cable 23 As
explained heretofore the cable 23 is connected to the gate section 30
a by a cross pin 29 This cross pin 29 extends between two ears 55 and
56 which are mounted on the gate section 30 a (see Fig 7) The pin 29
is manually removable It extends through a guide plate 57 at one side
edge of the gate section 30 a and has a handle portion 29 a thereon
The gate section 30 b has an outwardly extending flange 58 at its rear
edge This flange is positioned to engage the rear edge of the gate
section a so that when the gate section 30 a is pulled back, it will
also pull back the gate section 30 b The flange 58 is also utilized to
connect an eve bolt 59 in one end of a chain 60 The other end of the
chain 60 is connected to a loop 61 that is mounted on an angle iron
brace 62 which extends across the bottom of the gate section 30 a.
The gate section 30 a has another angle iron brace 63 near its front
edge which serves as a reinforcement and as a means for preventing
damage in case a large rock is encountered as it will ride over the
rock.
The chain 60 causes the gate section 30 b to be pulled into closed
position by the gate section 30 a when the gates are being closed.
Since the cable 23 is directly connected to the gate section 30 a, it
is obvious that the tension on the cable necessary to lift the shovel

5. 11 will be communicated to the gate section 30 a and the cable will
thus tend to open the gate 30 at any time that the shovel 11 is lifted
It is necessary therefore to latch the gate in closed position in
order that the cable 23 may be anchored by the vate section 30 a
during the normal filling of the body and the movement of the load to
the dump position Duplicate latch mechanisms are provided on both
sides of the transport and they are connected together in such a
fashion that one trip cable 64 may operate both of them The trip cable
is connected to a lever 655 which is fixed to one end of a cross shaft
66 This cross shaft extends through a tube 67 that is mounted on the
back wall 18 of the body and carries another lever 68 The levers 65
and 68 are connected by turn buckles 69 and 70 and links 71 and 72 to
a pair of latch lifting members 73 and 74 Each lifting member 73 or
741 is pivoted on the adjacent side wall 15 or 16 by a pivot pin 75 A
link 76 depends from each of the members 73 and 74 The lower end of
link 76 is pivoted on a latch pin 77 which is slidable within a guide
member 78 that 6 S is bolted to the adjacent side plate 15 or 16 of
the body The guide member 78 has an elongated slot 79 therein which
receives a pin 80 that is threaded into the latch bar 77 The pin 80
serves as a limiting device to limit the up and down 70 movement of
the bar 77.
The latch bar 77 is adapted to engae in a keeper 81 that is mounted
upon a plate 82 The keeper 81 and the plate 82 are carried by the gate
section 30 a, being 75 bolted thereto as shown best in Figs 4 and 5 It
will be appreciated that when the latch bar 77 is engaged in the
keeper 81, the plate 82 and the gate section 30 a will be locked
against opening Since 80 there are latch bars 77 on both sides of the
machine and plates 82 on both of the side walls 40 and 41 of the gate
section a, the gate section 30 a is locked sufficiently to serve as an
anchor for the 85 cable 23 when this cable is being used to manipulate
the shovel 11 and the trougsh 12 to fill the transport body.
In order to open the dump gate 30 when the transport is loaded and the
shovel is 90 raised as shown in Fig 4, all the operator has to do is
to release the latch bars 77 by using the trip cable 64 When he
releases the latch bars 77, the operator frees the gate section 30 a
so that the load 95 tending to lower the shovel 11 now also tends to
open the dump gate 30 If this is not sufficient to open the dump gate
30, the operator can apply additional pull through the cable 23
directly on the dump 100 section 30 a to start it to open By doing
this the operator can keep the shovel 11 raised and open the gate 30
to its fullest extent to dump the contents of the transport 105 Since
the operator has control of the transport only through the cable 23,
the trip cable 64 and the support connection at 34 on the powered
vehicle, some means must be provided to close the dump gate 110 with

6. this arrangement The trough 12 is connected to the gate section 30 a
by means of brackets 83 and chains 84 which extend down to bolts 85
that are mounted in spring housings 86 on the plates 82, 115 the bolts
85 extending through the springs 87 in the housings 86 so as to
provide a yielding connection from the chains 84 to the plates 82 The
springs 87 are heavy duty springs so that they require con 120
siderable pull to compress them It will be appreciated that the chains
84 constitute a flexible means and the assembly consisting of the
bolts 85 and spring housings 86 an extendable means, 125 said two
means being arranged in series with the opposite ends of the series
combination anchored to the dump gate 30 and trough 12 respectively.
When trough 12 moves forward from 130 785,413 the position shown in
Fig 4 to the posi tion shown in Fig 1, its brackets 83 are swung
forward with it so as to exert pull through the chains 84 on the gate
30 In the full lowered position of the trough 12 the chains 84 will
pull the plates 82 and the keepers 81 into position t( receive the
latch bars 77 In this way the operator can close the dump rate and
latel:
it without any special mechanism other than the parts already
described II should he understood that the latch bars 77 are gravity
closing and tend to drop down to latching position because of their
weight The trough 12 is prevented from swinging forward with too great
a force by using well known dash pot cheek members 88 which are
connected to the trough and to the side walls 15 and 16.
The present invention utilizes the specific parts hereinbefore
described as a simple means to load and unload the transport body
composed of the rear wall 1 S the spaced side walls 15 and 16, the
trough 12, the shovel 11 and the dump gate 30 The side walls 15 and 16
have lower circular edges curving upwardly toward the rear wall to fit
the bottom portions of the dump gate sections 30 a and 30 b The open
bottom is between the means composed of the members 17 and 19 that
connect the side walls forwardly of the circular edges and the rear
wall It provides a discharge opening The parts 3544-48 provide pivots
for the dump gate sections 30 a and 30 b The parts 29 and 56-62
provide means to connect the dump gate 30 to the pull cable 23 so that
the pull of the cable 23 acts against the weight of the shovel to
swing the dump gate 30 rearwardly into overlapping relation to the
rear wall 18 The latch pin 77 and the keeper 81 with the associated
parts, form a latch that normally holds the dump oate 30 in closed
position The trip cable 64 and parts 65 to 76 inclusive form a trip to
release the latch The means connectinr the trough 12 to the dump gate
to cause the troug:h to bring the dump O gate 30 to closed position
when the trough moves forward and downward to horizontal loading
position is made up of the parts 89 to 871 inclusive The operator uses

7. the same control means, the pull t able 23 n, to manipulate the shovel
and trough in loading and to open the dump liate 30 The only
additional control memller he needs is the trip to open the latch.
It is believed that the nature and advantages of the invention -will
be clear from the foregoing description.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785414 (A)
Description: GB785414 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Sheet feeding apparatus
Description of GB785414 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Sheet Feeding Apparatus
We, THE AETNA-STANDARD ENGINEERING
COMPANY, a Company organized and existing under the Laws of the State
of Ohio United
States of America, of Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United
States of
America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to the handling of steel sheets or the like and
more particularly to an improved apparatus for removing such sheets
from one or more stacks or piles and feeding them to other processing
apparatus, such as a tinning machine or pickling tanks.
After sheet steel material leaves the forming rolls it is usually cut
into individual units of the desired length and these units or sheets

8. are arranged in stacks or piles. Further processing operations, such
as tinning, are commonly performed on such sheets and problems are
encountered in feeding them in the proper and most efficient manner
from the stacks to the tinning machine or other apparatus. As the
sheets must pass through the tinning machine or the like individually
and spaced apart, i.e., not overlapped or doubled, it is necessary to
provide means for removing them from the stacks one at a time and
transmitting them as rapidly as possible to the feed rolls which carry
them along to the next processing apparatus.
The width of the stacks of sheets that are to be handled by the
feeding apparatus necessarily varies from time to time, depending on
what size sheets are being processed, and accordingly it is an object
of this invention to provide apparatus whereby either single
relatively wide sheets or sets of several relatively narrow sheets may
be fed to the next machine from one or several stacks automatically
and without change or adjustment of the feed apparatus.
Other objects of my invention include the provision of sheet feeding
apparatus of the type referred to whereby single sheets will be
removed from each of one of several stacks of sheets and fed to the
succeeding processing apparatus with a minimum delay between
successive sheets or sets of sheets, and in such a manner that a new
cycle of the feeding apparatus will not start until the sheets being
fed are completely out of the way; the provision in sheet feeding
apparatus of the type described of means whereby the feeding apparatus
may not be started unless a suitable current supply is available, and
whereby the feeding cycle will automatically repeat promptly after a
given sheet or set of sheets has been fed: the provision of sheet
feeding apparatus which will automatically adjust for sheets of
various lengths so that, regardless of the length of the sheets being
fed, the cycle will repeat immediately after the sheet, or set of
sheets, being handled has moved out of the path of the feeding
apparatus: and the provision of a fully automatic sheet feeding
apparatus which is efficient in operation, requires a minimum of
maintenance and repair, and will operate continuously over long
periods of time without attention or adjustment.
Sheet feeding apparatus embodying the invention comprises a stack
support for hold.
ing a stack of metal sheets, a magnetic roll adjacent said stack
support, means for rotating said roll continuously, a pickup arm
having a suction head supported at one end thereof, said pickup arm
being mounted for movement in advancing and retracting directions
between a position in which said suction head is more remote from said
stack support than said roll and a position in which said suction head
is closer to said stack support than said roll and is adapted to

9. engage a sheet on said stack support, means for creating suction at
said pickup head during a portion of the movement of said arm in
retracting direction whereby a sheet will be picked up by said pickup
head and removed from said stack, automatic means for relieving the
suction at said suction head substantially when a sheet carried
thereby engages said magnetic roll during movement in retracting
direction and before said arm reaches the end of said movement in
retracting direction, means for imparting movement to said pickup arm
in said advancing and retracting direction, and control means for said
pickup arm advancing and retracting means whereby said arm, after
being fully retracted, will be maintained fully retracted until
contact between the sheet being fed and said magnetic roll is broken.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is described below, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is an illustrative side elevational view of my feeding
apparatus, the pickup arms and suction heads being shown in fully
advanced positions;
Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but illustrative of the pickup arms
and suction heads in fully retracted position, a sheet being shown in
engagement with the magnetic rolls and being advanced toward the
succeeding processing apparatus;
Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic illustrative elevational view showing several
stacks of sheets in feeding position, the upper magnetic roll, the
contactor rings on the upper magnetic roll shaft, and the electrical
connections leading from the rings to the control mechanism
Fig. 4 is an illustrative wiring diagram showing the electrical
control and the solenoid which operates the valve means for
controlling the advancing and retracting movements of the pickup arms,
the various elements being shown in their completely "off" or
non-operating positions and conditions;
Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but illustrating the elements of
the control mechanism in the positions they assume after the main
switch and starting button have both been moved to the "on" position,
but while the pickup arms and suction heads are still fully retracted,
ready to start their advancing movement;
Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but illustrating the positions and
conditions of the elements after the pickup arms and suction heads
have advanced to their final forward position and are just ready to
start retracting to remove the top sheet from each stack;
Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but illustrating the positions and
conditions of the elements after the pickup arms and suction heads
have retracted to a point just beyond where the suction heads release
the sheets but before the arms have reached fully retracted position;
and

10. Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but illustrating the circuits,
etc., when the pickup arms and suction heads are in their fully
retracted positions; the sheet or sheets being still engaged and fed
by the top magnetic roll while the pickup arms are held in retracted
position ready for repetition of the feeding cycle immediately after
all the sheets have left the magnetic roll.
As will be seen from Figs. 1 and 3, the sheet feeding apparatus is
mounted in a frame structure or housing F having spaced end panels 1
and 2 suitably supported on the floor or foundation and maintained in
proper relationship to each other as by transverse members 3 (Fig. 3).
In Fig. 1 the upper portion of the end panel 2 has been broken away
more clearly to illustrate the structural arrangement of the
apparatus.
Extending across between the end panels 1 and 2 is an angularly
mounted stack support structure 4 on which one or more stacks or piles
P, P' and P" of sheets are supported in slightly inclined position.
Also extending between and supported by the end panels 1 and 2 are the
main pickup arm support shaft 5, the shaft 6 for the lower magnetic
rolls 7, the shaft 8 for the upper magnetic rolls 9, and the drive
shafts for the two sets of take off rolls 10,11 and 12,13. Sheet
guides or deflectors 14 and 15 are also suitably supported between the
end panels 1 and 2.
In Fig. 2 a single sheet S has been removed from the stack P and moved
into engagement with the magnetic rolls 7 and 9 by the mechanism and
in the manner to be later described. As the magnetic rolls, during
operation, are, continuously driven in the directions indicated the
sheet S will be fed upwardly thereby and its upper end will engage the
guide or deflector 14, which, in cooperation with the lower deflector
or guide 15. will direct the leading edge of the sheet
S into the take-off rolls 10,11 which will carry it on to the second
set of take-off rolls 12,13 and thence to the next processing
apparatus. In Fig. 2 a sheet S', which has been removed from the stack
P and advanced by the magnetic rolls 7 and 9, is shown be.
ing moved on to the succeeding processing equipment (for example a
galvanizing machine). So also in Fig. 1 a sheet S" is shown being
advanced by the rolls 10,11 and 12,13.
Mounted on and keyed to the pickup arm support shaft 5 are three sets
or pairs of pickup arms which are diagrammatically indictated on Fig.
3 at 16,17, 18.19, and 20,21.
As these arms, and the suction heads carried by each of them, are
substantially identical in structure and function, only the arm 16
which is adjacent the end panel 2 and is shown in detail in Figs. 1
and 2, need be specifically described. Shaft 5 is journalled in the
end panels 1 and 2 and, in addition to being aligned and keyed to

11. shaft 5, the series of pickup arms 16,17, 18,19, and 20,21 are also
interconnected by a tie rod or operas ing bar 22 (see Fig. 3). Secured
to the upper end of pickup arm 16 (and of each of the other pickup
arms) is a bracket member 23 in which .he tubular stem 24 of th
suction head, generally indicated at H, has a sliding fit. At the
forward end of the stem 24 is a rubber or the like suction cup or grip
member 25 of well known type having a resilient lip portion 25' which
is adapted to engage the face of the sheets S in the stack ? and when
suction is applied as will be described later, to firmly hold the
sheet. Interposed between the bracket member 23 and the inner end of
suction grip member 25 is a spring 26 which, as seen in Fig. 1, is in
compressed condition and, as seen in Fig. 2, is in extended position.
The function and operation of this spring will appear later.
In order to retract the pickup arms from full advanced position as
seen in Fig. 1 to full retracted position as seen in Fig. 2, and to
advance same from retracted to advanced position, fluid pressure
cylinder means are provided. In the illustrated embodiment the
cylinder 27 contains a piston 28 mounted on one end of piston rod 29.
The opposite end of piston rod 29 is pivotally secured by a connecting
member 30 to the operating bar 22 which connects the entire series of
pid- up arms. Thus all of the arms are operated simultaneously from a
single power source.
In order to accommodate the angular swinging movement of the pickup
arms 16, etc., the cylinder 37 is pivotally supported at 31 on
suitable brackets 32 carried by a platform structure 33 mounted
between the end panels
I and 2.
To control the movement of the piston 28 in the cylinder 27, and thus
control the oscillating movement of pickup arms 16, etc., we provide a
four-way valve which is diagrammatically illustrated at V in Figs. 1
and 2.
A source of supply of fluid under pressure is available in supply pipe
34 which has a shut-off valve 34' therein. As illustrated in
Fig. 1 the valve V is so positioned that fluid under pressure 'from
supply pipe 34 will pass through pipe 35, the passage in the valve
body portion 36, and pipe 37 to the right hand end of cylinder 27. At
the same time left hand end of cylinder 27 is connected to atmosphere
through pipe 38, the valve body 36, and valve outlet 39.
It will be observed that when valve V is in the position of Fig. 1 the
piston 28 will be moved to the left hand end of cylinder 27 and the
pickup arms 16, etc., together with suction heads H, will be moved to
their fullv advanced positions as seen in Fig. 1.
This movement of piston 28 takes place freely because the fluid in the
left hand end of cylinder 27 may, as previously noted, be discharged

12. to atmosphere while fluid under pressure is being applied to the right
hand end of cylinder 27.
As diagrammatically illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the valve V includes
an operating arm member 40 connected to the plunger 41 of a solenoid M
which is pivotally mounted on a bracket 42. As will appear more fully
later, the solenoid M is of the type which, when electrically
energized, moves the plunger 41 to the left (Figs. 1 and 2) and when
de-energized permits the 'spring 43, which surrounds the end of
plunger 41 and extends between the housing of the solenoid M and an
enlarged head 41' on plunger 41, to move the plunger 41 to the right.
Thus
Fig. 1 illustrates the solenoid energized, pick-up arm advancing
position of the solenoid M and valve V, while Fig. 2 shows the
solenoid re-energized, pickup arm retracting position of these
elements.
In order to produce suction as the resilient lip portions 25' of the
grip portions 25 of suction heads H during the proper portions of the
operating cycle, the tubular stem portions 24 of each suction head H
(it being understood that there is a suction head H on each of the
pickup arms 16,21, inclusive) are connected by flexible hose sections
44 to a transverse pipe or header 45, one end 46 of which extends
through an arcuate slot 47 in end panel 2. A section of flexible hose
48 (part of which is shown in phantom lines in Figs. 1 and 2 to
facilitate illustration of other parts) extends from the end portion
46 of header pipe 45 and connects to the vacuum line 49 through a
short rigid pipe section 50.
Mounted on the outer face of end panel 2 is the vacuum or suction
producing cylinder 51 to the left hand end of which the vacuum line 49
is connected. A piston 52 in cylinder 51 is secured to the end of
piston rod 53 which projects out through the right hand end of
cylinder S1 and has a yoke member 54 at its opposite end. An operating
arm SS is mounted on and keyed to the end portion of pickup arm shaft
5 which projects outwardly beyond the end panel 2. The upper end of
arm 55 is slotted at 56 and a pin 57 is carried by yoke 54 and extends
through slot 56. This arrangement accommodates the angular movement of
arm 55 and provides an operating connection between the upper end of
arm 55 and the piston rod 53.
Mounted at the end of an extension porttion 58 of vacuum line 49 is a
vacuum relief valve 59. The function of this valve will be described
later but it may be pointed out here that the valve is normally held
closed by suitable means, such as a spring, and is provided with an
outlet 60 adapted, when the valve is opened, to establish atmospheric
connection through the valve to the vacuum piping system. To open the
valve 59 it is necessary to depress the operating pin or plunger 61

13. which is normally held in its outer, valve closed, position by the
valve spring. The operating arm 55 includes a downwardly extending
portion 55' which carries an adjustable valve contactor finger 62 at
its lower end.
Before describing the control mechanism of my apparatus the operation
of the above described elements in picking a sheet off of one of the
stacks of sheets and transferring
same into engagement with the magnetic rolls 7 and 8 will be
explained. In the folloving description reference will be made only to
the single pickup arm 16 and its vacuum head H, and to a single sheet
S which is being handled, but it will be understood that all of the
pickup arms and vacuum heads operate simultaneously and that, if three
stacks of sheets are disposed as seen in
Fig. 3, three sheets will be picked up at a time. In like manner if
only two stacks are positioned on the sheet support, or if a single
stack of wide sheets is being handled, the several pickup arms and
vacuum heads will function automatically to feed the sheets which are
in position to be picked up.
In Fig. 1 pickup arm 16 is in its fully advanced position. The
resilient lip 25' of the suction head H has engaged the face of the
generally vertically disposed outer sheet
S above the horizontal center line thereof, and the bracket or collar
portion 23 at the upper end of arm 16 has been slid forward on the
tubular stem 24 of head H to compress the spring 26 and effect firm
seating of the lip portion 25' on the sheet. When the arm 16 is in
this full advanced position the piston 52 is disposed close to the
left hand, end of the vacuum cylinder 51 from which extends the vacuum
line 49.
As the arm 16 starts its generally horizontal retracting movement the
collar 23, at first, merely slides on the tubular stem 24 and the
spring 26 holds the lip 25' of the vacuum head H firmly against the
sheet S.
During this initial movement of the arm 16 the piston 52 will be moved
to the right in the cylinder 51. This movement will, because the pipe
connections are airtight and because the valve 59 is closed, produce a
reduced pressure in the piping connections 49. 50. 48, 46. 45. 44 and
24 which lead to the suction grip member 25. Thus, by the time the end
face of collar 23 engages the adjustable stop nuts 94' on the tubular
stem 24 sufficient vacuum will have been produced within the suction
grip member 25 to firmly
adhere the sheet S thereto. ,Now as the arm 16 continues its
retracting movement it, together with one or more of the other pickup
arms and suction heads, will pick the single sheet S off of the stack
P and move it bodily into engagement with magnetic rolls 7 and 9.

14. During this transfer movement the sheet S is, in effect, hung or
suspended from the suction heads and is generally vertically disposed.
At the time the sheet S reaches a plane extending tangent to both of
the vertically spaced magnetic rolls and engages these rolls, or very
shortly thereafter, the valve 59 is opened by engagement of the
contactor finger 62 with the operating stem or plunger 61 of the
valve. The exact timing of the opening of the valve 59 may be
regulated by suitable adjustment of the position of the finger 62 at
the end of the extension 55' of the operating arm 55, it being seen in
the drawings that finger 53 is provided with a screw and slot
connection to permit such adjustment.
As soon as valve 55 is opened, the vacuum system is vented to
atmosphere and the suction at the head H is broken. This, of course,
causes the lip portion 75' to be released from its grip on the sheet S
and the pickup arm 16 then continues to move in retracting direction
until it reaches the fully retracted position shown in Fig. 7. The
fully retracted and fully advanced positions of the arm 16 may be
established and controlled by any suitable stop means which may be
within the cylinder 25 or at any other suitable location.
During the advancing movement of the arm 16 from the position shown in
Fig. 2 to that shown in Fig. 1, the piston 52 is moved to the left in
the vacuum cylinder 51. As the valve 59 is closed at this time this
will cause air to be discharged out through the open lip portion 25'
of the suction head H.
When the lip 25 engages the sheet S on the outer face of the stack P
its advancing movement is of course stopped. However, the arm 16
continues to advance during the time the spring 26 is being
compressed. Due to the form and natural characteristics of the lip
portion 25' air will be discharged between the lip and the sheet
without excessive resistance until the final advance position of the
arm 16 is reached as seen in Fig. 1. However, during the retracting
movement of the arm, as previously explained, reduced pressure is
immediately created within the vacuum head H and this reduced pressure
is immediatelv effective to produce the required grip on the sheet.
The provision of the spring 26 not only permits the arm 16 to continue
to move after the vacuum head H engages the sheet so that there may be
an initial movement in the reverse direction to create a vacuum to
cause the sheet to be attached to the head H. but also automatically
compensates for the varying position of the top sheet of the stack P
as sheets are removed one by one therefrom.
For control purposes to be later described, a reverse limit switch 65,
diagrammatically indicated on Figs. 1 and 2, is supported on the end
of panel 2 and has an operating member 65' projecting outwardly
therefrom and adapted to be engaged by a pin 66 on the arm 55 when

15. said arm reaches its fully retracted position (Fig. 2). In like manner
a forward limit switch 67 is mounted on end panel 2 and has an
operating member 67' which, as seen in Fig. 1, is engaged by the pin
66 when the arm 16 reaches its fully advanced position.
Having described the pickup and feeding portions of my apparatus and
explained generally their mode of operation, the mechanism for
controlling and timing the functions and operations thereof will now
be described.
The electrical circuits and the various elements of the control
apparatus are diagrammatically shown in Figs. 4 to 8 inclusive, the
several views being similar but illustrating the connections, etc.,
which are established during several different phases of the operating
cycle. Fig. 3 illustrates schematically the contactor rings (to be
later described) on the upper magnetic roll shaft 8 and the
connections thereto.
In Fig. 4 the control mechanism is shown in full "off" or
non-operating position. The main current supply to the apparatus comes
through power lines 70,71 which are connected to a suitable source
such as 220 volts a.c. The main switch 72, when open as seen in Fig.
4, breaks the main power supply and accordingly the apparatus is
completely inoperative. A transformer 73 having a primary 73' and a
secondary 73" is the source of solenoid energizing current. The
secondary 73" supplies a reduced voltage (for example 110 volts a.c.)
to the lines or conductors 74 and 75 in the operating circuit. These
conductors 74 and 75 extend to the primary 76' of a second transformer
76, the secondary 76" of which provides the source of control current
and is connected to lines or conductors 77 and 78 in the control
circuit.
Connected across the lines 74 and 75 is the energizing coil of a relay
79. This relay 79 has two normally open (i.e., open when the relay is
de-energized) contacts 79' and 79". The connection 80, which includes
the energizing coil of relay 79 and extends between lines 74 and 75,
also includes the starting push button or switch 81, a stop push
button or switch 82 and the contacts 83' of a relay 83 the energizing
coil of which is connected across between lines 77 and 78 by a
conductor 84. It will be understood that although the various relays
included in Figs.
4-8 are shown with their energizing coil portions spaced from their
contact portions there are the usual operating means whereby these
contacts are opened or closed when the relays are energized or
de-energized.
Another relay 85 has its energizing coil connected across lines 74 and
75 by a conductor 68. Relay 85 has a normally open contact 85'
disposed in the conductor 68 which also has, in series arrangement

16. therein, the normally closed forward limit switch 67, the contact 79"
of relay 79, and the normally closed contact 86' of relay 86.
Connected around the contacts 85' and 86' by a coii ductor 87 are the
normally open reverse limit switch 65 and the normally closed contact
86" of relay 86.
As best seen in Fig. 3, the upper magnetic roll shaft 8 carries three
pairs of contactor rings, to-wit: 87,88, 89,90, and 91,92. These
contactor rings are of a diameter equal to or just slightly larger
than the diameter of the magnetic rolls 9 and are adapted to be
engaged by the sheets being handled when these sheets are held against
the magnetic rolls. It will be understood that the sh.eets will effect
electrical connection between the adjacent rolls of each pair so long
as they are in contact therewith. Brushes 87', 88', 89', 90', 91', and
92' make electrical contact with their respective contactor rings.
These brushes are also shown on Figs. 4-8 and it will be seen that one
brush of each pair, namely brushes 88', 90' and 92', are connected by
a conductor 93 to the line 77 while the other brush of each pair,
namely brushes 87', 89'. and 91', are connected to line 78 through
conductor 94 in which the energizing coil of relay 86 is disposed.
Conductor 77 is connected to the machine frame F which in turn is
grounded at 100 for purposes which will be later explained. The
solenoid M is, of course, in the operating circuit and is connected
around the energizing coil of relay 85 by conductors 95 and 96.
As has been previously explained this solenoid M actuates the control
valve V of the fluid pressure cylinder 27.
As seen in Fig. 4 the main switch 72 is open. The starting switch or
push button 81 is also open. When this condition obtains current does
not flow through the operating circuit (lines 74 and 75, etc.) or
through the control circuit (lines 77 and 78, etc.) and the relays 79,
83, 85, and 86 are all de-energized.
However, because the pickup arm 16 is in its fully retracted position
and the pin 66 on ann 55 is engaging the operating member 65' of the
reverse limit switch 65, this limit switch, which is normally held
open by suitable spring means, is closed as is indicated in Fig. 4.
The forward limit switch, and all of the relay contacts are in their
normal positions which have been noted above.
In Fig. 5 the control mechanism is illustrated in the condition which
obtains after the main switch 72 has been closed and after the
starting push button 81 has been operated to complete its contacts in
the conductor 80. The pickup arm 16 has, however, not yet left its
fully retracted position of Fig. 2 but is just about to do so.
As soon as the main switch 72 is closed the circuit through the
primary 76' of transformer 76 is completed causing a current of
reduced voltage (for example 24 volts) from the secondary 76" to be

17. applied to the conductors 77 and 78 and to flow through conductor 84
and the actuating coil of relay 83.
Upon relay 83 being thus energized its normally opened contact 83'
immediately closes as seen in Fig. 5. The start push button 81 and the
stop switch 82 also now being closed, the circuit is completed through
the energizing coil of relay 19 and the normally open contacts 79' and
79" thereof immediately close, as is also seen in Fig. 5. When contact
79' closes it locks in the relay 79 so that this relay continues to be
energized even after pressure on the start push button 81 is removed
and it returns to the open or "off" position. When the contact 79" in
conductor 68 closes the circuit to the energizing coil of relay 85 is
completed from conductor 74 through the still closed reverse limit
switch 65, the normally closed contact 86" of relay 86, the conductor
87, the closed contact 79" the conductor 68 and the normally closed
forward limit switch 67 to conductor 75. As soon as relay 85 is
energized its contact 85', which lies in conductor 68, immediately
closes thus locking in relay 85 and holding it energized even after
the. pickup arm 16 moves away from the reverse limit switch 65, thus
permitting switch 65 to return to its normally open position. This
movement of the pickup arm 16 occurs as soon as contact 79" closes as
this, in addition to energizing the relay 85, also completes the
circuit to and energizes the solenoid M, causing it immediately to
shift the valve V from the position of Fig. 2, in which fluid pressure
is applied to hold the arm 16 in retracted position, into the position
of Fig. 1 in which fluid pressure is applied to move piston 28, piston
rod 29, and pickup arm 16 in advancing direction. As noted above, as
soon as arm 16 moves forward a very slight distance the reverse limit
switch 65 will return to its normal or open position but relay 85
stays energized, being locked in by its contact 85', and the solenoid
M continues to be energized.
Thus t of the contactor rings 87, 89 or 91, the circuit through relay
86 will be completed even though contact is not made or maintained
between the sheet and another contactor ring d any of the three pairs.
The condition illustrated in Fig. 7 is that which obtains just after a
sheet or several sheets have been brought into engagement with the
magnetic rolls but before the pickup arms have moved to their fully
retracted positions. In Fig. 8 the condition is shown after the pickup
arm 16 has reached fully retracted position as seen in Fig. 2.
Normally open reverse limit switch 65 has now been closed by
engagement of pin 66 with the operating member 65' of the limit
switch.
However, as a sheet or sheets are still in contact with the upper
magnetic roll 9 and with one or more pairs of the contactor rings
87-92, the relay 86 is still energized and its contacts 86' and 86"

18. are still open. Thus the circuit to relay 85 is held open and the
solenoid M remains de-energized. Accordingly, the valve V remains in
the position of Fig.
2 and the operating fluid pressure in cylinder 27 holds the pickup
arms and associated parts in their fully retracted positions as long
as the circuit to relay 86 remains closed.
This occurs until the trailing edge of the last sheet being handled
leaves the upper magnetic roll 9 and breaks all connections, either
between a pair of contactor rings or one of the contactor rings 87, 89
or 91 and the ground, to relay 86. When the last sheet so leaves the
contactor rings the relay 86 is immediately de-energized permitting
its normally closed contacts 86' and 86" to reclose.
This action will return the mechanism and the circuits to the
condition shown in Fig.
5 (except that push button 81 will be open) in which the solenoid M is
energized to shift the valve V into arm advancing position and is
locked in by contact 85' of relay 85. The cycle above described then
automatically repeats itself.
It will be observed that unless there is a suitable supply of low
voltage current between the conductors 77 and 78 it will be impossible
to start the feeding apparatus even though the main switch 72 and
starting button 81 are both closed. This safety features results from
the fact that unless the relay 83 is energized by current in the
circuit 77,78 its contact 83' will be open and it will be impossible
to energize relay 79 and start the cycle of operation even though the
push botton start switch 81 is actuated. By providing the contactor
ring arrangement advancing movement of the pickup aims from their
fully retracted positions is positively prevented until after the last
sheet being handled has moved upwardly away from the top magnetic roll
and thus out of the path of the vacuum heads, etc. The control
mechanism not only prevents the pickup arms from advancing while a
sheet is in the way but also insures that the pickup arms do advance
immediately after the path is cleared so that there is a minimum of
time delay in feeding the sheets to the next processing apparatus.
The function of the contact 86' of the relay 86 is to reduce the
possibility of hunting or oscillating action which might occur if only
the contact 86" were actuated by relay 86.
If only a single contact 86" were employed and, with the arm 16 in
retracted position and the reverse limit switch 65 held closed, the
sheet should inadvertently and accidentally be jarred or moved out of
circuit completing contact with the contactor rings, the relay 86
would immediately be de-energized and its contact 86" would reclose.
This would complete the circuit to the solenoid
M which would be energized moving the valve V and starting the arm 16

19. to advance.
However as soon as this advance started reverse limit,switch 65 would
be qpened thus breaking the circuit to the solenoid M and causing the
arm 16 to be returned to full retracted position and the reverse limit
switch to again be closed. This cycle would repeat and oscillating or
hunting action would occur as long as the sheet did not complete the
circuit to the relay 86. By providing the contact 86' as illustrated,
if all contact between the sheets and the contactor rings is
momentarily broken with the pickup arms in full retracted position and
reverse limit switch 65, closed, both the contacts 86' and 86" would
immediately close because of de-energizing relay 86. When this occurs
solenoid M will be energized as will also relay 85 which will close
and become sealed in by closing of the contact 85'. Now the solenoid M
will remain energized even after the arm 16 starts to advance and
reverse limit switch 65 opens. However, as soon as the sheet resumes
contact with the contactor rings the solenoid M will be de-energized
and the pickup arms again retracted. Thus with the dual contacts 86'
and 86" there will be only one movement of the contact arms out of
full retracted position and back to retracted position during any one
given time that the sheets are momentarily out of engagement with the
contactor ring, and rapid vibration or oscillation is prevented.
From the above description of the arrangement and mode of operation of
my improved sheet handling apparatus it will be apparent that sheets
or sets of sheets will be fed successively one after another with a
minimum space therebetween regardless of the length of the sheets
being fed. Furthermore the machine will continue to operate as long as
there are sheets in the stacks to be picked up and moved. When it is
desired to stop the operation it is only necessary to operate the stop
push button 82 which breaks the circuit to relay 79 which in turn
causes the contacts 79' and 79" to open. The opening of contact 79'
unlocks relay 79 and opening of contact 79" de-energizes relay 85 and
solenoid M.
De-energizing the solenoid causes the pickup arms to be retracted
while de-energizing the relay 85 also opens the contact 85'. Thus the
apparatus is rendered inoperative and will not start-again until the
start button 81 is closed.
What we claim is : -
1. Sheet feeding apparatus including, a stack support for holding a
stack of metal sheets, a magnetic roll adjacent said stack support,
means for rotating said roll continuously a pickup arm having a
suction head supported at one end thereof, said pickup arm being
mounted for movement in advancing and retracting directions between a
position time in which said suction head is more remote from said
stack support than said roll and a position in which said suction head

20. is closer to said stack support than said roll and is adapted to
engage a sheet on said stack support, means for creating suction at
said pickup head during a portion of the movement of said arm in
retracting direction whereby a sheet will be picked up by said pickup
head and removed from said stack, automatic means for relieving the
suction at said suction head substantially when a sheet carried
thereby engages said magnetic roll during movement in retracting
direction and before said arm reaches the end of said movement in
retracting direction, means for imparting movement to said pickup arm
in said advancing and retracting direction, and control means for said
pickup arm advancing and retracting means whereby said arm, after
being fully retracted, will be maintained fully retracted until
contact between the sheet being fed and said magnetic roll is broken.
2. Sheet feeding apparatus according to
Claim 1 in which a second roll is supported adjacent to and spaced
from said magnetic roll and is adapted to be engaged by a sheet
carried by said suction head.
3. Sheet feeding apparatus according to
Claim 2 in which said second roll is magnetic.
4. Sheet feeding apparatus according to
Claim 2 or 3 in whidi the advancing and retracting movement of the
pickup arm moves the suction head between the rolls toward and away
from the stack of sheets.
5. Sheet feeding apparatus according to
Claim 2. 3 or 4 in which the suction head is provided with a resilient
lip portion and the automatic means for relieving the suction effects
such relief when the resilient lip portion is substantially in a plane
tangent to both of the rolls.
6. Sheet feeding apparatus according to any of the preceding claims in
which the suction creating means includes a cylinder, a piston in said
cylinder, operating connections between said piston and the pickup
arm, and fluid pressure conducting connections between said cylinder
and the suction head, said piston being adapted to move in said
cylinder during retracting movement of the pickup arm to produce a
reduced pressure in said fluid pressure conducting connections and
suction head whereby a sheet will be picked up from the stack.
7. Sheet feeding apparatus according to any of the preceding claims in
which the automatic means for relieving the suction at the suction
head includes a normally closed atmospheric vent valve in the fluid
pressure conducting connections, and means movable with the pickup arm
for engaging and opening said vent valve when a sheet carried by the
suction head engages a magnetic roll.
8. Sheet feeding apparatus according to any of the preceding claims in
which the stack support is disposed to hold the sheets in generally

21. vertical position and the suction head is moved in a generally
horizontal direction toward and away from the stack of sheets.
9. Sheet feeding apparatus according to any of the preceding claims in
which the pickup arm is pivotally supported.
10. Sheet feeding apparatus according to any of the previous claims in
which the means for advancing and retracting the pickup arm is power
actuated and the control means for the pickup arm advancing and
retracting means includes a solenoid, reversing means for changing
said power actuated means from advancing to retracting movement and
vice-versa, operating connections from said solenoid to said reversing
means, an operating circuit includill g electrical con- nections from
a source of energizing current to said solenoid, a normallv open
reverse limit switch in said operating circuit, means for closing said
reverse limit switch when said pickup arm is in full retracted
position, a normally closed contact in said circuit in series with
said solenoid and said reverse limit switch. and means for holding
said normally closed contact open when a sheet is in engagement with
said magnetic roll vAicreby said solenoid iiiay be energized to
initiate advancing movement of said pickup arm only when no sheet
engages said magnetic roll and said pickup arm is in full retracted
position.
11. Sheet feeding apparatus according to
Claims 1 to 9 inclusive in which the means for advancing and
retracting the pickup arm is power actuated and the control means for
the pickup arm advancing and retracting means includes a solenoid,
reversing means for changing said power actuated means from advancing
to retracting movement and vice-versa, operating connections from said
solenoid to said reversing means, an operat
* GB785415 (A)
Description: GB785415 (A)
Process for manufacture of glycidyl ethers of polyhydric phenols
Description of GB785415 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:

22. DE1091749 (B) FR1148526 (A) US2840541 (A)
DE1091749 (B) FR1148526 (A) US2840541 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
7859415 %s/z 3 EE 6 Date of Application and filing Complete
Specification Jan 30, 1956.
No 2912/56.
Application made in United States of America on Jan 31, 1955.
0 W/wy Complete Specification Published Oct30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 2 ( 3), CIE 4 K( 4: 8), C 1 E 7 K( 4: 8),
C 2 B 37 (C 3: L), C 3 A 7 (A 4: B: C:
E 2: F 2: H: K 1), C 3 A 12 (A 4 B: B 5: B 6: C 2: C 4), C 3 A 13 C( 6
B: 7:9: l OD:
l OG); and 2 ( 5), R 27 K 3 (B: P).
International Classification: -CO 7 d C 08 g.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process for the Production of Polyglycidyl Ethers of Polyhydric
Phenols We, N V DE BATAAFSCHE PETROLEUM MAATSCHAPP Ij, a company
organised under the laws of The Netherlands, of 30, Carel van
Bylandtlaan, The Hague, The Netherlands, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to an improved process for the production of
epoxy resins which are polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric phenols.
Various methods have heretofore been used and proposed for producing
the epoxy resins.
These methods have generally involved the reaction of epichlorohydrin
with a polyhydric phenol and sodium hyroxide Most of the epoxy resins
are made from a dihydric phenol.
The principal constituents in these resins may be represented by the
formula:CH 2 CHCH,-O-R-O(CHCHOHCH,-O-R-O),CHCHCH, wherein N is O or
any integer and R represents thc divalent radical to which the two
phenolic hydroxyl groups are attached in the iiliydric phenol.

23. It is desirable that the polyglycidyl ether product contains as much
as possible of the compound wherein N is zero, i e, the diglycidyl
diether of the dihydric phenol It was discovered heretofore in batch
process that by having present a substantial excess of epichlorohydrin
in the reaction mixture over the stoichiometric proportion of 2 moles
of epichlorohydrin per mole of the phenol, and adding an equivalent of
sodium hydroxide per equivalent of epichlorohydrin that combine.
with the dihydric phenol, the formation of compounds in the product
having N greater than zero is suppressed While the use of such a batch
method is of value for increasing the yield of the desired
polyglycidyl ether, reasons of cfficient commercial scale manufacture
necessitate production to be conducted in a continuous manner.
Upon adapting the aforementioned method to the continuous production
of epoxy resins with continuous feeding in of excess epichlorohdrin
and dihvdric phenol, regulated continuous addition of sodium hydroxide
and continuous withdrawal of product from a reaction zone, it has been
found that the formation of the less desired higher molecular lPrice,s
6 d l weight compounds in the product was unfortunately over four
times greater than when the method was conducted in an otherwise 55
similar batch process It has now been discovered that by effecting the
production in a continuous fashion using a series of stages with
addition of the caustic in portions to the several stages, the
formation of the higher pro 60 ducts can be effectively reduced.
According to the present invention, therefore, a continuous process
for the production of a polyglycidyl ether of a polvhydric phenol
comprises introducing continuously a poly 65 hydric phenol and
sufficient epichlorohydrin to amount to at least two molecules thereof
per nhenolic hydroxyl group of the phenol to the first of a series of
successive reaction zones, continuously transferring reaction mixture
70 from zone to zone in the series (including continuous withdrawal of
reaction mixture from the last zone) and continuously introducing
alkali metal hydroxide to the several zones in fractions with the
total thereof amounting 75 to about an equivalent of the hydroxide per
equivalent of the epichlorohydrin that reacts in the whole of the
series of zones, the rates of introduction of reactants, transfer of
reaction mixture and withdrawal of product being 80 regulated so that
the liquid contents in the several zones are maintained substantially
constant The liquid reaction mixture in the 785,415 several zones is
agitated and preferably boiled while distilling water therefrom
azeotropically with epichlorohydrin so that the water concentration in
the reaction mixture is mainS tained from about 0 2 to 4 % by weight.
The accompanying drawing shows a flow diagram of the continuous
process according to the present invention for the production of a
poly-glycidyl ether from a dihydric phenol (diphenol) in two reaction

24. zones Referring to the diagram a mixture or solution of diphenol in
epichlorohydrin is fed from a container 10 by a pump 11 through a
valve 12 into a reactor 13 fitted with an agitator or stirrer, and
means for heating its contents It is convenient to introduce the
epichlorohydrin and diphenol into the reactor as a solution containing
the desired ratio of reactants The epichlorohydrin is used in a ratio
of at least 2 molecules of epichlorohydrin per phenolic hydroxyl group
of the phenol, i e at least 2 moles of epichlorohydrin per phenolic
hydroxyl equivalent of the phenol The feed to the reactor 13 as the
solution of polyhydric phenol in epichlorohydrin may thus contain 2,
3, 5, 10 or more moles of epichlorohydrin per phenolic hydroxyl
equivalent of the phenol If desired, the epichlorohydrin and phenol
may be fed separately to the reactor, or a solution of the phenol in
part of the epichlorohydrin and the remaining chlorohydrin may be
separately introduced into the reactor.
Aqueous caustic alkali as the alkali metal hydroxide reactant is
introduced from a container 14 by a pump 15 through a valve 16 into a
reactor 13 Only part of the required amount of hydroxide is introduced
into the first reactor When there are two reactors providing two
reaction zones as shown in the diagram, it is desirable that about 40
% to %O of the hydroxide be introduced into the first reaction zone
Excellent results are obtained with two reactors when about 65 %,' of
the caustic is used in the first zone and the remainder in the second
However, the hydroxide may be apportioned as desired among two or more
zones with good effect.
Although not essential, it is convenient to add the alkali metal
hydroxide, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, as an aqueous
solution which contains at least about 15 % by weight up to the
saturation concentration of the hydroxide It is preferred to use a
solution containing about 40 % of the hydroxide.
Ordinary 480 Be commercial caustic soda is also suitable.
The total amount of alkali metal hydroxide used in the process is an
equivalent of the hydroxide per equivalent of the epichlorohydrin
reacted This amount of hydroxide is ordinarily somewhat less than the
phenolic hydroxyl equivalents of the phenol fed to the reaction
system.
This is because the high ether products require less than this
equivalent amount of hydroxide.
For example, if the product when using a dihydric phenol were
exclusively the simple diether (i e N equal to zero in the formula
given hereinbefore), then 2 moles of epichlorohydrin per mole of the
phenol would have reacted and 2 moles of the hydroxide would 70 be
required However, some higher ether with N equal to 1 also forms This
ether results from reaction of 3 moles of epichlorohydrin with 2 moles

25. of the phenol so only 1.5 moles of epichlorohydrin have reacted 75 per
mole of the phenol, and consequently, only 1 5 moles of the hydroxide
is required Thus when the product consists of, say, 80 moles per cent
of the diether (n= 0) and 20 moles per cent of the 80 triether (n=l),
then the hydroxide required would be O 8 x 2 0 + 0 2 x 1 5 = 1 9 moles
per mole of the phenol since this is the number of equivalents of
epichlorohydrin that has reacted If the ether product contains some 85
organically bound chlorine due to incomplete dehydrochlorination,
somewhat less than the equivalent amount of hydroxide is needed.
However, some by-products of epichlorohydrin such as glycidol and
glycerol, will con 90 sume hydroxide in their formation with the
result that somewhat more than the equivalent amount of hydroxide is
required These opposing requirements tend in general to balance one
another The important point is 95 that sufficient hydroxide as a whole
should be used to ensure that the ether product leaving the last
reaction zone is substantially free of organically bound chlorine and
that the reaction mixture is substantially neutral l V In a reactor
13, the reaction mixture 1-7 is agitated and heated at boiling
temperature.
Most of the water introduced with the aqueous caustic and water of
reaction are distilled from the reaction mixture azeotropically with
epi 105 chlorohyrin, the vapour passing to a condenser 18 and the
condensed distillate to a separator 19 where it separates into an
upper water layer and a lower epichlorohydrin layer The rate of
distillation which removes water is regu 110 lated so that the
reaction mixture contains about 0 2 %' to 4 % by weight, preferably
about 0 5 % to 2:,', by weight, of water.
The distilled vapour passing to the condenser 18 is not necessarily
the equilibrium 115 azeotrope of epichlorohydrin and water since the
boiling reaction mixture is too deficient in water Nevertheless, upon
being condensed the distillate separates in the separator 19 into an
upper aqueous layer and a lower cpichloro 120 hydrin layer The
separation is effected at any convenient temperature of from 00 to
1000 C, preferably 200 to 800 C, although it is desirable to effect
the separation at as low a temperature as practicable The water layer
is 125 withdrawn through a valve 20 and contains only about 5 % to 10
% of c Dichlorohydrin It may be collected and subjected to
distillation for recovery of the epichlorohydrin The lower
epichlorohydrin layer is substantially pure epi 130 785,4153
chlorohydrin, usually containing less than about 1 5 % water The
epichlorohydrin layer is ordinarily returned to the reaction mixture
through a valve 21, a valve 22 being closed Reaction mixture 17 is
withdrawn from the reactor 13 and pumped by a pump 25 through a valve
26 into a second reactor 27 The rate of withdrawal is regulated so

26. that the net liquid contents of reaction mixture 17 is maintained
substantially constant in the reactor 13.
This is largely governed by the sum of the rates of introduction of
the aqueous caustic, and the epichlorohydrin and diphenol.
As in the reactor 13, the reaction mixture 28 in the reactor 27 is
agitated and heated at boiling temperature Aqueous caustic alkali
flows through a valve 29 into the reactor 27 at such a rate as to
supply the remainder of the needed equivalent of hydroxide per
equivalent of epichlorohydrin that combines with the phenol As in the
reactor 13, water is azeotropically distilled from reaction mixture 28
with passage of the vapour to a condenser 30 and the condensed
distillate to a separator 31 where it likewise separates into an upper
water layer and a lower epichlorohydrin layer The water layer is
withdrawn through a valve 32 for collection and combining with the
water layer from the separator 19 The epichlorohydrin layer is usually
returned to the reactor 27 through a valve 33 by having a valve 34
closed If desired, however, the epichlorohydrin Jayers in one or both
separators 19 and 31 may be diverted from direct return by opening
valves 22 and 34 with closure of valves 21 and 33 In such case, the
epichlorohydrin layers may be collected, and if desired, returned as
part of the feed epichlorohydrin to the first reactor 13 The reaction
product is withdrawn from the reactor 27 through a valve 35, the rate
of withdrawal again being regulated so that the liquid contents of the
reaction mixture 28 in the reaction zone is maintained substantially
constant.
Any number of reactors may be connected in series in the manner shown
for the reactors 13 and 27 However, from a practical standpoint, it is
rarely desirable to use more than two, or possibly three reactors in
series The flow of reaction mixture through the several reactors is
preferably conducted at a rate such that substantially all of the
phenolic hydroxyl groups are etherified in the reaction system, i.e,
that the residence time of reaction mixture and volume of the reactors
is such that the product withdrawn from the last reactor is
substantially free of phenolic hydroxyl groups as may be ascertained
by customary chemical analysis Although it is preferred to operate the
process with removal of water from each reaction zone so that the
water concentration is maintained at a low value, the process is also
applicable to operation that does not involve such water removal The
process may thus be applied to a flow reactor having zones of reaction
separated by baffles if desired with introduction of the hydroxide in
fractions to the several zones and simply flowing the reactor contents
therethrough without water removal from the individual 70 zones.
The polyglycidyl ether of the polyhydric phenol is recovered from the
crude reaction product in any suitable manner The principal

27. constituents in the crude product are the 75 polyglycidyl ether,
unreacted epichlorohydrin and formed alkali metal chloride salt It is
convenient to first filter the salt from the product In order to
recover the polyglycidyl ether from the salt cake, the cake is washed
80 with epichlorohydrin or a lower alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol
and the washings combined with the filtrate The filtrate is then
distilled to remove epichlorohydrin and saltwashing solvent 85 Another
method for recovery of the polyglycidyl ether from the crude product
iryolves first subjecting tke product to distillation for removal of
the epichlorohydrin To the residuum may then be added an organic
liquid 90 in which the polyglycidyl ether is soluble and the salt
substantially insoluble such as benzene, toluene, xylene, methyl
isobutyl ketone, or a mixture of an aromatic hydrocarbon and a lower
aliphatic ketone, e g, toluene and 95 methyl ethyl ketone It is
desirable that water be at least substantially immiscible with the
organic liquid since after addition of about % to 200 % or 300 % of an
equal volume of organic liquid to the epichlorohydrin-free 100
residuum, the salt may be washed from the mixture with water If
desired, the salt may be separated by filtration The organic liquid is
finally removed from the glycidyl ether product by distillation 105
Although the process of the present invention is particularly suitable
for continous production of polyglycidyl ethers of dihydric phenols,
it may be used for efficient manufacture of a polyglycidyl ether from
any suit 110 able polyhydric phenol Typical phenols include those
having phenolic hydroxyl groups attached to non-adjacent ring carbon
atoms such as resorcinol, hydroquinone, chlorohydroquinones, methyl
resorcinol, phloroglucinol, 115 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene,
4,41-dihydroxydiphenyl, bis(hydroxyphenyl)methane, 1,1-bis(
4hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,l-bis( 4-hydroxyphenyl)isobutane, 2,2-bis(
4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, which is termed bisphenol herein for 120
convenience and which is a particularly preferred dihydric phenol;
2,2-bis( 2-hydroxy-4tert-butylphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(
2-hydroxyphenyl)propan, 4,4 '-dihydroxybenzopheone, 1,3 bis( 4
hydroxyphenyloxy)-2-hydroxypro 125 pane, 4,4 ',41 "-tris(
4-hydroxyphenyl methane, 3hydroxyphenyl salicylate,
4-salicylaminophenol, as well as more complex polyhydric phenols such
as novolac resins obtainable by acid catalyzed condensation of phenol,
p-cresol, 130 785,415 or other substituted phenols with aldehydes such
as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde; condensates of
phenols with cardanol; condenates of phenols with aliphatic diols; and
condensates of phenols with unsaturated fatty oils The polyhydric
phenols contain 2 or more phenolic hydroxyl groups in the average
molecule thereof and are free of other functional groups which would
interfere with formation of the desired glycidyl ethers.

28. It is evident that the process is very useful for production of the
valuable polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric phenols.
The present invention is illustrated in the following Examples 1 and 3
but it is not be construed as limited to details described therein:
EXAMPLE 1
Continuous production of a polyglycidyl ' ether of bis-phenol was
effected in an apparatus having two reactors illustrated in the
accompanying drawing, the first reactor having a volume of 750 ml and
the second 1500 ml.
A solution of bis-phenol in epichlorohydrin containing a mole ratio of
epichlorohydrin to bis-phenol of 10/1 was fed at a rate of 2600 grams
per hour into the first reactor This amounted to an introduction of 1
0 mole of bis-phenol per litre of total reactor space space per hour
Aqueous sodium hydroxide containing 40 % by weight of the hydroxide
was fed into the first reactor at a rate of 200 grams per hour This
was about 46 50/ of the total hydroxide introduced into the reaction
mixture The mixture in the first reactor was stirred and boiled at
about 108 C with removal of water by azeotropic distillation with
epichlorohydrin The reaction mixture from the first reactor was
withdrawn and fed directly to a second reactor wherein the mixture was
stirred and boiled at 108 ' C so as to remove water The remainder of
the required aqueous sodium hydroxide was fed to the second reactor at
a rate of 230 grams per hour Crude reaction product was withdrawn
continuously from the second reactor, the liquid contents in both
reactors being maintained substantial U constant throughout the run
The crude reaction product was collected and filtered to remove the
salt (Na CI) The salt was washed with anhydrous isopropanol to remove
adher ing polyglycidyl ether and the wash was combined with the
filtrate The filtrate was distilled to separate unreacted
epichlorohydrin and the isopropanol, and leave the polyglycidyl ether
as residue.
The polyglycidyl ether had an average molecule weight of 387 as
determined ebullioscopically in ethylene dichloride, and an epoxy
value of 0 471 epoxy equivalents per 100 grams Analysis showed this
epoxy resin to contain 69 mole per cent of the diglycidyl ether having
n= 0, and 20 mole per cent of the diglycidyl ether having n=l, the
value of N referring to the formula given above The remaining 11 mole
per cent was made up of various miscellaneous by-products.
EXAMPLE 2
By way of comparison, the continuous production of the polyglycidyl
ether of bis-phenol was affected in a single stage reaction system
using the same rate of introduction of 1 0 mole of bis-phenol per
litre of reactor space per hour The feed consisted of a solution of
bisphenol in epichlorohydrin containing a mole ratio of

29. epichliorohydrin to bis-phenol of 8/1.
Experience had shown that no appreciable difference in yield of the
desired diglycidyl diether of bis-phenol (n= 0) could be attributed to
a change in the mole ratio from 10/1 to 8/1 The solution of bis-phenol
was introduced at a rate of 700 grams per hour into the single reactor
along with 40 % aqueous sodium hydroxide at a rate of 131 grams per
hour.
The mixture was stirred and boiled in the reactor at about 107 ' C
with removal of water by azeotropic distillation with epichlorohydrin.
The crude reaction product was withdrawn at such a rate that the
reactor was maintained substantially full of reaction mixture as in
Example 1 The polyglycidyl ether was isolalated as in Example 1.
The polyglycidyl ether had an average molecule weight of 432 by
ebullioscopic measurement in ethylene dichloride and an epoxy value of
0 437 epoxy equivalents per 100 grams Analysis showed this epoxy resin
to contain only 53 mole per cent of the diglycidyl ether having n= 0,
and 36 mole per cent of the diglycidyl ether having n= 1.
EXAMPLE 3
Another run similar to that described in Example 1 was made in the
continuous twostage reactor system A solution containing a mole ratio
of epichlorohydrin to bis-phenol of 105 20/1 was introduced into the
first reactor at the rate of 2500 grams per hour along with % aqueous
sodium hydroxide at a rate of grams per hour The rate of introduction
of bis-phenol feed amounted to 0 55 mole of 110 bis-phenol per litre
of reactor space per hour.
Into the second reactor, 40 ' aqueous sodium hydroxide was introduced
at a rate of 85 grams per hour The reaction mixture was withdrawn from
the first reactor and flowed continuously 115 to the second reactor
from which the reaction product was withdrawn, the rates of flow being
regulated so the contents of the two reactors were substantially
constant and full The mixtures in each reactor were stirred and boiled
120 at about 107 ' C with azeotropic distillation of water therefrom
with epichlorohydrin The polyglycidyl ether was isolated as in Example
1.
The polyglycidyl ether had an average molecule weight of 367 according
to ebullioscopic measurement with ethylene dichloride and an epoxy
value of 0 491 epoxy equivalents per 785,415 grains Analysis showed
the glycidyl ether to contain 78 mole per cent of the diglycidyl ether
having n= 0 and 13 mole per cent of the diglycidyl ether having n= 1.
EXAMPLE 4
Another comparative run was made using a single stage reactor
described in Example 3 A solution containing a mole ratio of
epichlorohpdrin to bis-phenol of 15/1 was introduced into a reactor at
a rate of 880 grams per hour along with 48 % aqueous sodium hydroxide

30. at a rate of 85 grams per hour The bis-phenol was introduced at a rate
of 0 7 mol per litre of reactor space per hour While stirring and
boiling the reaction mixture at a temperature of 102 C, the water was
removed azeotropi cally with epichlorohydrin The polyglycidyl ether
product was isolated as described above.
The polyglycidyl ether had an average molecular weight of 420 by
ebulliscopic measurement with ethylene dichloride, and an epoxy value
of only 0 405 epoxy equivalents per 100 grams Analysis showed that the
ether contained only 62 mole per cent of the diglycidyl ether having
n= 0 and 26 mole per cent of the the diglycidyl ether having n= 1.
In the Specification of our Patent No.
753,193 we have claimed a process for the production of a glycidyl
ether of a polyhydric phenol which comprises adding an aqueous
solution of alkali metal hydroxide containing at least 15 % by weight
of the hydroxide to a solution of a polyhydric phenol in at least
about 3 mols of epichlorohydrin per phenolic hydroxyl equivalent of
the phenol, the total amount of alkali metal hydroxide being about one
mol per phenolic hydroxyl equivalent of the phenol, continuously
distilling water and epichlorohydrin from the reaction mixture
separating the distilled products from each other and returning only
the epichlorohydrin to the reaction mixture, the rate of addition of
the hydroxide solution and the rate of distilling being regulated so
that the reaction mixture contains from about 0 3 % to 2 % by weight
of water, and no claim is made herein to such a process.
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* GB785416 (A)
Description: GB785416 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Nickel-silicon-boron alloys
Description of GB785416 (A)

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: ARTHUR TREGONING CAPE 785416 Date of Application and filing
Complete Specification Jan 31, 1956.
No 2995/56.
Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance: -Class 82 ( 1), A 8 (A 2: A 3: M: R: Z 4: Z 12),
A 9 A( 1 E: 2: 5 B), A 13.
International Classification: -C 22 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Nickel-Silicon-Boron Alloys Wee, COAST M l TALS, INC, Little Ferry,
State of New Jersey, United States of America, a company organized
under the laws of the State of J Delaware, United States of America,
do hereby declare the nature of the invention, for which we pray that
a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the xollowing
statement:this invention -relates, as indicated, to
uickel-silicon-boron alloys.
A primary object of the invention is to provide a series of alloys
containing nickel, silicon and boron, which have unusual adherence
properties, particularly the ability to adhere to stainless steel and
to pure molybdenum.
Another object of the invention is to provide an alloy of the
character described which is useful in the brazing or joining of
strips or plates of stainless steel and in the hard facing of
molybdenum.
Another object of the invention is to provide alloys of the character
described, which are particularly well adapted for hard facing at
relatively low temperatares, where resistance to wear, Impact,
corrosion and oxidation are vital considerations or factors.
Another object of the invention is to provide alloys of the character
described, which are extremely resistant to oxidation at temperatures
even up to their melting points.
A further object of the invention is to provide alloys of the
character described, having melting points which are so low, that they

32. may be applied as facings to poppet valves and the like with
considerably more ease than is possible when using other facing metals
commonly employed for this purpose.
A further object of the invention is to provide alloys of the
character described, I Nf ce which may be readily bonded with almost
any variety of base metal, satisfactory bonds being obtained at
temperatures far below those required when using conventional facing
metals SO A further object of the invention is to provide an alloy
having the curious property of being plastically formable over a wide
range of temperatures, i e, one of frum 150 U to 350 F, in which
state, the 55 metal is coherent but can be shaped, smoothed or molded
by the application of a small amount of presssure, that is to say, not
more than a few pounds per square inch 60 A still farther object of
the invention is to provide castings formed from alloys of the
aforesaid compositions, and having low coefficients of expansion, and
which may be " sweated " to surfaces at tem 65 peratures below 21 00
F.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent during the course of
the following description:
The alloys coming within the scope of 70 this invention contain
silicon in amounts of from 2 5 % to 5 5 %, and boron in ' amounts of
from O 75 % to 5 25 %, with the balance or remainder substantially all
nickel, it being understood, however, that 75 wherever the expression
" remainder substantially all nickel " is used in the present
specification and claims, said expression is to be constructed as
including, whenever present in the alloy, small 80 amounts of iron,
manganese and chromium, in a total amount of less than % A preferred
alloy, within the above ranges, contains from 4 5 % to 5 2 % silicon,
and from 2 to 3 5 % boron 85 Alloys made in accordance with the
invention have unusual adherence properties, particularly the ability
to adhere to stainless steel and to pure molybdenum.
In the brazing or joining of stainless steel 90 ,I 4 ' 2 S 78,416
strips and plates, the alloy, in powder form, the particles of which
are bonded or held together by means of a binder, is placed between
the strips or plates to be brazed or joined, and the composite part or
produc t is then fabricated in a brazing iurnace at temperatures of
from 17,500 F.
to 21000 F or by means of a heating torch, in a conventional manner As
the part or product is heated, the alloy melts, flows and firmly bonds
or joins the sheets or strius to each other.
The alloys are especially well adapted for hard facing at realtively
low temperatures, such as those indicated above, and are resistant to
wear, impact, corrosion and oxidation, being resistant to oxidation at
temperatures even up to their melting points.

33. l he melting points of the alloys are so low, i e between 17500 C and
21000 F.
in air, that they may be applied as facings to poppet valves and the
like, with considerably more ease than is possible when facing such
articles with conventionallyemployed hard facing metals.
They may be readily bonded with almiost any variety of base metal,
satisfactory bonds being Ql obtained at temperatures far below those
required when using conventional hard facing metals.
Vith the silicon content of the alloy exceeding 25 %, the alloys have
the usual property oi being formable over the temperature rane of'
from 150 to 330 ' F In this formable state, or condition, the metal is
coherent, but can be shaped, smoothed or molded 'uy the application of
a small amount of piessure, that is of not more than a few pounds per
square inch.
fhe hardness of the allo is readily controlled between 20 and 6 Go
Rockweil C by adjustino the silicon and boron contents of the alloy In
the following table the relationship ol silicon and boron to hard'nes
is indicated, we well as the formtability of the alloy, resistance
thereof to lead oxide at 1500 '-1600 ' F and adherence to base metals.
B Si Rockwell C Formability Resistance Adherence to to Pb O at steels,
stain(-1600 ' F less steels and pure molybdenum 2.2 0 20-25 No Good
Unsatisfactory 2.8 0 35-40 No Good Unsatisfactory 3.3 0 40-50 No Fair
Unsatisfactory 5.0 0 50-55 No Fair Unsatisfactory 2.2 1 7 30-35 No
Fair Unsatisfactory 2.2 2 -5 40-45 Some Good Fair 2.2 3 4 44-49
Definite Excellent Good 2.2 5 0 50-55 Strong Good Good 2.8 25 40-45
Some Good Fair 3.3 2 5 53-58 Some Good Fair 2.2 5 50-55 St -ng Good
Good 2.5 5 -52-57 Strong Good Good 2.75 5 655-60 Strong Good Good -.3
5 57-62 Strong Good Good 3.75 S 60-65 Strong Fair Unsatisfactory In
order to avoid brittleness of the alloy, when silicon is present in
amounts of 5 % or more, the amount of boron must be less than 4 %, and
preferably less than 3.5 % The lower useful limit for boron is 0 75 %,
but normally, the boron content is in excess of 1 %.
The alloys most useful for application to poppet valves are those
whose hardness lie between 35 and 55 Rockwell C The boron content for
such alloys lies between 2 %, and 5 O% and the silicon may be as high
as -5 % for boron contents up to 2.65 %; but above that boron value,
the silicon is decreased.
Since formability after welding S an important factor, the silicon
content must be 2 5 % or greater, and the boron content is adjusted
accordingly to maintain the required hardness.
Due to the unusual resistance of the alloy to oxidation, it finds an
important use or application in the coating of pure molybdenum,
thereby making it especially valuable in the manufacture of parts for
jet engines In an atmosphere of helium, it is possible to similarly

34. coat titanium.
As is well known, both molybedenum and titanium, particularly the
former, are extremely susceptible to oxidation, so 785,416 that the
present alloy, when used as a coating for these metals, protects them
from attack-.
A number of tests have been made, including the bending of molybdenum
coated with the present alloy at an angle of 90 degrees The alloy,
although it cracks to some extent, remains firmly adhered to the
molybdenum.
The alloy may be made by melting, a nearly pure silicon and a
hick-el-boron alloy which normally contains about 17 % boron It can
also be made by adding' amorphous boron to a melt containing the
nickel and silicon.
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* GB785417 (A)
Description: GB785417 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in machines for producing filter mouthpiece cigarettes
Description of GB785417 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
DE1008637 (B)
DE1008637 (B) less
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35. The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 29, 1956.
785,417 No 6306/56.
/@ ^i g Application made in Germany on April 23, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 130, C 1 (A 4:A 5:C 1).
International Classification:-A 24 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Machines for Producing Filter Mouthpiece Cigarettes I,
KURT KO 5 RBER, a German Citizen, of 10, Am Pfingstberg,
Hamburg-Bergedorf, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which
I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement:-
The present invention relates to machines for producing filter
mouthpiece cigarettes and particularly to a device on such machines
for severing gummed connector sheets intended for connecting the
mouthpiece elements to the cigarettes.
In a filter cigarette machine connector sheets are fed to groups each
consisting of two axially aligned cigarettes with a mouthpiece element
between them, such groups lying in grooves on a drum, and a connector
sheet is wrapped around each group to unite the cigarettes and the
mouthpiece element.
These connector sheets are severed from a strip of material on a
suction drum provided with suction passages, by means of a cutter drum
provided with radial cutter blades In this case a strip of material to
form the connector sheets is fed from a reel to the suction drum and
passes through a gumming device.
The present invention is concerned with the stage of severing these
connector sheets during the feed to the mouthpiece and cigarette
groups and relates particularly to the construction of the cutter drum
which severs the connector sheets from the strip of material.
With known feeder devices the rotary or peripheral speeds between the
gumming roll and the suction drum are so chosen that the peripheral
speed of the suction drum is larger than that of the gumming roll so
that the strip of material is held under constant tension between the
gumming roll and the suction drum In this case the gumming roll and a
measuring roll which ensures delivering only the required length of
strip to form a connector sheet for each group, hold back the lPrice

36. 3/6 l strip and slip occurs on the suction drum between the outer
surface of the drum and the strip After severance of one connector
sheet by one cutter of the cutter drum the severed sheet is sent
forward by the action of 50 the suction drum at the same peripheral
speed as this drum and a gap is formed between the severed sheet and
the strip of material still slipping upon the suction drum.
For the associated wrapping of the con 55 nector sheet around the
cigarette and mouthpiece groups, it is particularly important that the
length of the connector sheet as also the spacing between the
individual connector sheets on the suction drum shall be exactly 60
maintained.
This depends upon the precision of the cutting action and especially
on the cutting pressure which must be made precisely suitable for the
various thin and in part also 65 porous materials used for the
connector sheet, quite apart from that of the measuring roll
determining the length of the connector sheet produced from the strip
which is essentially subjected to slip, and upon the high travelling
70 speeds of the strip.
It has been shown that it is very difficult with the previously known
cutter drums with a plurality of yieldable cutter blades fitted
individually to the drum, to adjust all the 75 blades to give the same
cutting pressure, and it was also previously not possible to adjust
simultaneously the spring pressure of all knives during the operation
of the machine.
In order to avoid these difficulties a cutter 80 drum is provided
according to the invention, in which all the cutter blades are
inserted in the drum body and rigidly fixed thereto and the cutter
drum is supported in a bearing or carrier body which is adjustably
supported & 5 in relation to the suction drum and is pressed
yieldingly towards the suction drum which acts as a counter surface
for the cutter blades.
Thereby it is made possible to adjust all the cutter blades for a
uniform pressure simul 90 rnld,'T1 785,417 taneously and the pressure
can be modified simultaneously for all knives corresponding to the
material of the strip during operation of the machine, and further it
is possible to S adjust the spacing of the cutter knives
simultaneously for all knives from the outer face of the suction roll
and to modify it during operation of the machine.
The adjustment of the spring pressure and the spacing of the cutter
drum is effected by means of the carrier body in which the cutter drum
is mounted The support of this carrier body is effected according to a
further feature of the invention in such manner that it is adapted to
be moved to a small extent in the axial direction of a support pin to
such an extent that the blades can be adjusted automatically parallel

37. to the axis of the suction drum while under pressure.
When cutting the strip of material the knife edges wear down
progressively In order to avoid this wear from causing any depression
in the knives in relation to the travelling strip of material, the
length of the knives is so chosen that it is only greater to a very
small extent than the width of the strip of material and the knives
thus project only to a very small extent at the two sides of the strip
of material.
As soon as the depression in the edges of the cutter blades is so
great in the course of wear that the very small overlap comes into
contact with the suction roll, it is so far deformed under the action
of the pressure that always a sufficient pressure can be exerted by
the whole blade edge on the material to be severed.
The invention is shown diagrammatically in one constructional example
on the accompanying drawing wherein:Fig 1 is a side view of the strip
feed with the cutting drum and suction drum; Fig 2 is a section
through the bearing body on the line A-A of Fig 1 on an enlarged
scale.
The strip of material 1 running from a reel not shown, is fed to a
gumming apparatus and is gummed on one side by means of the transfer
roll 3 dipping into the gum container 502 and by the applier roll 4
The gummed strip is fed from the gumming roll to a suction drum 5 on
which individual connector sheets la are successively severed from the
end of the strip by the blades 6 of a cutter drum 7, and pressure pads
8 inserted in the suction drum serve as counter-cutter faces for the
blades 6 which are rigidly fixed to the drum.
The severed sheets la are retained by suction on the suction drum
acting through suction ducts 9 and are fed therefrom to the cigarette
and mouthpiece groups G lying in the grooves of the drum 10, and are
gummed thereto after the suction has been released by known devices
after the transfer of the sheets.
As a result of the mutually equal peripheral speeds of the drums 5 and
7 and of the drum 10, which however is greater than that of the
gumming roll 4, a space is produced between the end of the strip and
the previously severed sheet after the cutting of the latter from the
70 end of the strip, by the slipping of the strip 1 on the outer
surface of the suction drum 5 until the following sheet is severed Due
to this slipping the leading edge of the strip I moves more slowly
than the trailing cut edge 75 of the previous sheet during the
rotation of the suction drum up to the moment when the next cut is
effected.
The cutter drum 7 is continuously cleaned by means of a brush roll 11
arranged on a 80 parallel axis and both the drum 7 and the roll 11 are
supported in a carrier body which in the example shown is formed by a

38. rocker 12 pivotal about a pin 13 A spring-urged presser pin 14 presses
against the rocker 12 Si by engaging a pressure pad 15 secured to the
rocker and urges the latter against a stop screw 16 The latter is
threaded in the lug 17 so that the spacing between the cutter blades
and the pressure pads 8 of the suction 90 roll can be adjusted
simultaneously to a uniform extent Moreover the spring pressure
exerted on the cutter drum 7 can be varied in known manner by
tightening or loosening the spring 18 95 The rocker 12 is rotatably
mounted on the pin 13 by means of two needle roller bearings 18 ' and
18 ' but the pin 13 is somewhat smaller in diameter than is normal for
the particular bearings used Dished spring discs 19 and 100 19 '
arranged on the pin on both sides of the rocker and part-spherical
discs 20 and 21 arranged between the rocker 12 and the pin 13 permit a
slight rocking movement 12 ' about the pin 13 and also slight movement
in the 105 axial direction of the suction drum so that the cutter
blades of the cutter drum 7, while subject to the pressure action of
the spring 18, are able to adopt a position exactly parallel to the
cutting drum and during the cut they 110 exert a uniform pressure on
the strip of material over the whole width of the knives.
Instead of mounting the cutter drum with the brush roll in a rocker
these two elements can be supported for instance in a spring 115
loaded support frame which can be slid in a rectilinear path towards
the suction drum, but otherwise it is arranged in the manner described
above.
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