2. The Nature vs. Nurture argument Francis Galton was the first to raise the argument when he published an article discussing the the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement. Galton was a cousin of Charles Darwin
6. The origins of the IQ test In 1904, Alfred Binet was asked by the French government to create a mechanism for identifying students in need of alternative education. Binet created a scale of 30 tasks for 6 – 14 year olds, ranging from easy to complex ones. He was forthright about the limitations of his scale, stressing that intellectual development progressed at variable rates and was heavily influenced by nurture. Binet clearly stated that the IQ scale reflected intelligence that is malleable rather than fixed.
7. The misuse of IQ In 1908, H.H. Goddard, translated Binet’s scale into English. However, as a champion of the eugenics movement, he changed the focus of the scale to suit his own beliefs. Lewis Terman then took the scale, standardized it using a large US sample, and from that created the first Stanford-Binet scale – the basis for the modern IQ test. With it was published the following objective: "curtailing the reproduction of feeble-mindedness and in the elimination of an enormous amount of crime, pauperism, and industrial inefficiency” (Terman, Lyman, et al, 1916)
8. What matters is what you believe about intelligence People who believe intelligence comes mainly from nature have a ‘fixed’ mindset People who believe intelligence comes mainly from nurture have a ‘growth’ mindset Professor Carol Dweck, Stanford
9. Fixed vs Growth Mindsets Growth Intelligence is incremental I’ve developed talents My abilities change over time for better or worse I can learn pretty much anything I put my mind to Fixed Intelligence is innate I have gifts I’ll always be good at certain things I’ll never be good at other things
16. Number of children per family, Sweden 2004 One child families 19% Two children 47% Three children 24% Four children 7% Five children 2% Six or more 1%
17. Entrepreneurial archetypes Starter (drive, impulsive, intuitive) Professional (all-rounder, analytical, long-term) Serial entrepreneur (intuitive, extrovert, timing) Innovator (feeling & thinking, details) Lifestyle (independent, sentimental) Workstyle (party with themselves)
20. Spelling tests that focus on learning Thinking Wondering Decision Understanding Reflection Knowledge Argument Opinion Conclusion Justification Pre-test; Marks Out of 10 7, 8, 9 or 10 New Set of Spellings 4, 5, or 6 Correct Set 0, 1, 2 or 3 Additional coaching 169
21. My name is Stuart and I sit in the … Special Needs Cupboard