Global warming

1. Global Warming & Climate
Change
By: Jagan s shettar
2nd SEM
M’tech URP IDS
Natural Cycle of Tree..........
It is easy to cut a tree & to grow is very
difficult........
What do you want?
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2. Discussion on
 What is global warming?
 Causes for global warming
 Greenhouse Effect
 Earth’s Atmospheric Gases
 Effect of global warming
•Possible Solutions to Global
Warming
•Global Warming Myths
•Conclusion
• What climate is & what climate-
change means
• Impacts of Climate Change
• Some of example climate
change and global warming
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3. Introduction
 Global warming is defined as the overall warming of the planet, based on
average temperature over the entire surface.
 Modern technology is based up on a number of manufacturing units
exploiting the natural resources.
 Due to rapid industrialization and fast population growth we are suffering
from an unwanted danger of environment problem.
 Science has given us atomic energy, comfortable communication
systems etc.. for the betterment of the society but at the same time the
life has become uncomfortable and tense full due to the presence of
same devices. The pollution is accompanied by the gradual rise in global
atmospheric temperature, which is known as global warming.
 This study deals with Global warming effects and Climate change
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4.  Global warming is the increase in the average
measured temperature of the Earth's near-surface air
and oceans since the mid-20th century, and its
projected continuation.
 Global warming is the warming of the earth through
carbon dioxide (CO2) being pumped into the
atmosphere from tailpipes and smokestacks. Then
the gases trap heat like the glass in a greenhouse
What is global warming?
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5. Earth’s Temperature
Sun
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6. Balancing of earth
temperature
Sun
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7. Absorption is more than
radiation
Sun
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8. Radiation is more than
absorption
Sun
Radioactive
Cooling
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9. How Global Warming Works
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
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10. Greenhouse EffectSun
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11. Greenhouse gases
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 Methane (CH4)
 Nitrous oxide (N2O)
 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
 Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
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12. Earth’s Atmospheric Gases
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
>99%
Methane (CH4)
<1%
Non-
Greenhouse
Gases
Greenhouse
Gases
Argon (Ar)
Water vapor (H2O)
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13. Indicators that shows increase in global
warming
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14. Causes for global warming
Global Warming is caused by many things. The causes are split up into
two groups, man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.
Natural Causes
 Natural causes are causes created by nature. One natural cause
is a release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands.
 Methane Stored in Water and Ice and from Arctic seabed‘s
 Another natural cause is that the earth goes through a cycle of
climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 40,000
years.
Man-made Causes
 Carbon Dioxide From power Plants
 Pollution Emitted from Cars
 Pollution from Trucks
 Pollution from Aeroplanes
 Methane emissions from animals, agriculture such as rice
paddies,
 Increase in usage of chemical fertilizers on croplands
 Population growth
 Use of CFC’s
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15. Human activities contribute for
Global warming
13%
14%
24%
49%
Agricultural Deforestation Industrial Energy use
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16. Fossil fuel usage and emission of
co2 from different country
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17. “Hockey Stick” Controversy
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
-0.8
Year
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
TemperatureChange(C)
Direct temperature measurements
Mann et al. 1999
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18. 170
220
270
320
370
0200000400000600000
Time (YBP)
CO2(ppm)Antarctica
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
SST(°C)TropicalPacific
CO2 Concentration Vs. Temperature
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19. Effect of global warming
 Rise in sea levels worldwide
 Scientists predict an increase in sea levels worldwide due to the melting
of two massive ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, especially on the
East coast of the U.S
 More killer storms
 Scientists have come up with the firmest evidence so far that global
warming will significantly increase the intensity of the most extreme
storms worldwide
 Massive crop failures
 According to recent research, there is a 90% chance that 3 billion people
worldwide will have to choose between moving their families to milder
climes and going hungry due to climate change within 100 years.
 Widespread extinction of species
 According to research published in Nature, by 2050, rising temperatures
could lead to the extinction of more than a million species.
 Disappearance of coral reefs
 A report on coral reefs from WWF says that in a worst case
scenario, coral populations will collapse by 2100 due to increased
temperatures and ocean acidification.
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20. Effects on weather
 Changes have been observed in the amount, intensity, frequency, and
type of precipitation.
Glacier retreat and disappearance
 mountain glaciers and snow cover had decreased in both the northern and
southern hemispheres. This widespread decrease in glaciers and ice caps
had contributed to observed sea level rise.
Acidification
Oxygen depletion
 The amount of oxygen dissolved in the oceans may decline, with adverse
consequences for ocean life
Sea level rise
 There is strong evidence that global sea level rose gradually over the 20th
century
About one-third of the carbon dioxide
emitted by human activity has already
been taken up by the oceans. As carbon
dioxide dissolves in sea water, carbonic
acid is formed
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21. What’s the difference between “global
warming” and “climate change”?
GLOBAL WARMING
Is the increase of the Earth’s average surface
temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Is a broader term that refers to long-term changes in
climate, including average temperature and
precipitation.
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22. What climate is & what climate-change
means
 Climate is the pattern of weather, meaning averages,
 extremes, timing, spatial distribution of…
 hot & cold
 cloudy & clear
 humid & dry
 drizzles & downpours
 snowfall, snowpack, & snowmelt
 zephyrs, blizzards, tornadoes, & typhoons
 When climate changes, the patterns change.
 Global average temperature is just an index of the state of the global climate
as expressed in these patterns. Small changes in the index big changes in
the patterns.
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23. Climate change
 Climate change is now becoming one of the major global
environmental challenges
 About 80% of greenhouse gas emissions from human
activities are related to the production and use of energy- and
particularly the burning of fossil fuels. The bulk of the
remaining 20% is associated with agriculture and changes in
land use.
 There is an increase in the average temperature of the earth’s
surface, leading to wide spread impacts ranging from change
in rainfall patterns to extinction of certain species.
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24. Temperature History of the Earth
 Little ice age (1400-1840) – 1°C cooler
 Medieval warm period (800-1300) – 1°C warmer
than today
 Cool/warm cycles occur ~1,500 years
 Affect mostly Northeastern U.S. and North
Atlantic
 Mostly due to changes in thermohaline
circulation
 Dramatic shutdown of thermohaline circulation
occurred 8,200 years ago as a large lake in
Canada flooded the North Atlantic
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25. Main Ocean Currents
Adapted from IPCC SYR Figure 4-2
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26. Impacts of Climate Change
Forests
Biodiversity
Agriculture
Coastlines
Impact of rise in
temperature of 1.8oC to 4oC
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27. Climate Change Impact in India
 Rajasthan- Drought
 Rann of Kutch – sea level rise
 Mumbai-Salt water intrusion
 Kerala –Productivity of Forest
 Tamil Nadu-Coral bleaching
 Ganges – Sedimentation problem
 Sunder bans-Sea level raise
 Northwest India-reduction In rice yield
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28. What climate change puts at risk
 Climate governs …
 availability of water
 productivity of farms, forests, & fisheries
 prevalence of oppressive heat & humidity
 geography of disease
 damages from storms, floods, droughts, wildfires
 property losses from sea-level rise
 expenditures on engineered environments
 distribution & abundance of species
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29. Indicates for climate change
There’s a consistent 50-year upward trend in every region except
Oceania.29

30. Harm is already occurring
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31. Harm is already occurring
WHO estimates climate change already causing
≥150,000 premature deaths/yr in 2000
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32. Some of example climate change and
global warming
 Ice Sheets Melting?
 GRACE (gravity measured by satellite) found
melting of Antarctica equivalent to sea level rise
of 0.4 mm/year (2 in/century)
 Zwally, 2005 (satellite radar
altimetry)
 confirmed Antarctica melting
 Greenland ice melting on
exterior, accumulating inland
(higher precipitation)
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33. Melting Glaciers – Mt. Kilimanjaro
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34. Drought in Africa
Lake Faguibine Lake Chad
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35.  Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh
Experienced a number of crop failures in the last 15 years
 Apple belt has moved 30 kilometers [northwards] over the last
50 years
 Apple growers, says attributed poor production to reduced
snowfall and its changed timing.
 Shift in Agriculture
 Apple cultivation is affected in Kullu Valley
 Apple belt has moved 30 KM nothwards
 Forest resources were removed
Impact on Agriculture Effect on apple
cultivation
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36. Source: Journal of Ecological Anthropology Vol. 10 2006
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37. Ganga under threat from warming
 Himalayan source of the Ganga is drying up at a rate
of 40 yards a year, nearly twice as fast as two
decades ago, and that some of these glaciers might
disappear by 2030.
 In the dry summer months, the Gangotri glacier
provides up to 70 percent of the water of the Ganga.
 According to a UN climate report, the shrinking
glaciers also threaten Asia’s supply of fresh water.
Source: New Indian Express37

38. Source: New Indian Express38

39. Potential Worldwide Precipitation
Changes
-50 -20 -10 -5 5 10 20 50
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40. Global
Warming:
Shifting Gears
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41. Possible Solutions to Global
Warming
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42. Mitigation of Global Warming
 Conservation
 Reduce energy needs
 Recycling
 Alternate energy sources
 Nuclear
 Wind
 Geothermal
 Hydroelectric
 Solar
 Fusion?
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43. Storage of CO2 in Geological Formations
1. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
2. CO2 in enhanced oil and gas recovery
3. Deep saline formations – (a) offshore (b) onshore
4. CO2 in enhanced coal bed methane recovery
Adapted from IPCC SRCCS Figure TS-7
3a
2
3b 1 4
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44. What’s being done now to
reduce our emissions?
Solar PowerWind Power Fuel-Efficiency44

45. 2007
Goal:
Reductions in
CO2 Per Year
BillionsofMetricTonsCarbon
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46. 2007
Reductions
in CO2
Per Year
GigatonCarbon
Produce electricity
efficiently
Use electricity
efficiently
Vehicle efficiency
Solar and Wind
Power
Biofuels
Carbon capture
and storage
BillionsofMetricTonsCarbon
Our Goal
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47. We can stop global warming!
What can you do
to help solve the
problem?
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48. Simple Things To Do
Turn off your computer or the TV
when you’re not using it.
Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.
Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or
curtains.
Turn off the lights when you leave a room.
Use compact fluorescent bulbs.
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49. Simple Things To Do
Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up
the air conditioning. Or use a fan.
Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning
up the heat.
Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on
your AC and furnace clean.
Walk short distances instead of asking for a
ride in the car.
Plant a tree. Recycle.
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50. Global Warming Myths
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51. Volcanoes Put Out More CO2 Than
Fossil Fuel Burning
0
2
4
6
8
10
Carbon(109metrictons)
Fossil FuelVolcanoes51

52. Global Warming Has Stopped?
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
MeanTemperature(°C)
1365.2
1365.4
1365.6
1365.8
1366.0
1366.2
1366.4
1366.6
1366.8
SolarIrradiance(W/m2)
2010
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53. Conclusion
 Global warming is affecting plants, animals, humans and
the earth. We need to learn how to conserve our use of
fossil fuels to minimize carbon dioxide production. This
will slow down the effects of global warming.
 Global warming is happening
 Most warming is probably the result of human activities
 There will be positive and negative (mostly)
repercussions from global warming
 The costs to mitigate global warming will be high
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54. Conclusion
 Global warming is the product of green house effect.
This global warming is predicted to lead a variety of
negative effects, to reduce this we need to develops
steps for the prevention such as organizing self
awareness programmers, planning exhibitions in
different parts of the countries to create awareness on
global warming. Apart from the plans to slow down the
global warming, adaptation schemes must move
forward fast. Constructing flood defenses, banning
buildings close to sea areas are some of the measures
we can adapt
 Man proposes God disposes.
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55.  Reference
 http://www.defenders.org
 http://search-ebooks.eu/g/global-warming-doc
 http://quemark.com/what-is-global-warming.html
 Planetsave (http://s.tt/12tkS)
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming
 http://climate.nasa.gov/effects
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming
 http://www.bigmelt.com/introduction-to-global-warming.
 http://www.definitionofglobalwarming.com/
 http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2010/finalwebsite/background/globalwarming/definition
 http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/definition-for-global-warming.html
 http://in.news.yahoo.com/photos/tornado-cuts-thro-from-mid-west-to-gulf-of-mexico-slideshow/wrecked-
car-seen-amid-debris-following-tornado-where-photo-011308454.html
 www.OceansArt.us
 http://www.indiaclimateportal.org/fast-facts
 http://www.thehcf.org/emaila6.html
 http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-global-warming-full-report#ixzz1o7r5JJve
 http://www.thehcf.org/emaila4.html
 http://www.bestglobalwarmingarticles.com
 Bibliography
 Book Tuffen, H. 2010. How will melting of ice affect volcanic hazards in the twenty-first century?
Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society
 By: George Christodoulou book on Causes Of Global Warming
 Report on Geoengineering the climate: science, governance and uncertainty, September 2009. Chaired
by Professor John Shepherd FRS. Provides a detailed assessment of the various methods of
geoengineering, and considers the potential efficiency and unintended consequences they may pose.
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56. THANK YOU
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