Effective Online Education Strategies for Universities During COVID-19

Effective Way to Provide Online
Education in Universities
Course Name : Management and Organizational Behaviour
Course Code : MGT 5202
Name ID
Jahid Khan Rahat 2123021047
Md. Muniruzzaman 2123021043
Md. Muzammel Haque 2123021041
Md. Shahajalal Mia 2123021049
Md. Suzayat Hossen 2123021037
Prepared by:
Submitted to:
Dr. Md. Arifur Rahaman
Associate Professor
Management Department (Chairman)
Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)
Submission Date: 5th January, 2022

Table of Contents
Introduction ......................................................................................................1
Research Objective............................................................................................1
Research Questions...........................................................................................2
Literature Review..............................................................................................2
COVID-19 ........................................................................................................2
Online Education ............................................................................................2
Role of Technology .........................................................................................3
Role of Private University................................................................................3
Role of Public University .................................................................................3
Assessment System.........................................................................................3
Universities of Dhaka......................................................................................4
Knowledge gap ...............................................................................................4
Conceptual Framework.....................................................................................4
Methodology.....................................................................................................5
Survey Findings .................................................................................................8
Secondary Research Findings..........................................................................10
Recommendation............................................................................................10
Conclusion.......................................................................................................10
References.......................................................................................................11

Introduction
A recent study by UNESCO founded that about 1.2 billion students are staying away from
educational institution because of the coronavirus, popularly known as COVID-19. (Giannin,
2020). The pandemic has badly affected in global education. So, world leading universities
such as Oxford University and Harvard University shift to virtual education system. (Askari,
2020) . On 6th
March University of Washington was the first major university that cancelled
their exam. (Smalley, 2020). In addition, in middle of same month 1,100 college and university
were cancelled their exam around 50 states of USA. Some of the universities take hybrid
model that is limited number of students can access to the university. Harvard University and
Princeton University take such kind of action for ensuring stable research activities. Other
universities conducting their class on online. According to the report, 36% universities were
cancelled their admission programme during COVID-19 period. (Smalley, 2020).
Universities of Bangladesh are following the instruction given by Education Minister and to
University Grants Commission (UGC). (Abdullah, 2020). However, according to University
Grants Commission (UGC), Bangladesh is not capable yet for conducting online activities due
to lack of facilities and fund. (Abdullah, 2020). In Bangladesh around 3.2 million students are
studding within 32 public university and 84 private university. (Mannan, 2017). Here first three
COVID-19 patients were identified on March 8th
, 2020 and all universities were closed by
March 17th
, 2020. (Islam D. M., 2020). As all those university closed up to uncertain time, to
avoid the study gap both public and private universities start online classes. Online class is a
new idea in Bangladesh, so students and faculty are not properly prepared in this system. As
a result, both faculty and students are facing some difficulties in conducting online classes.
In general, Universities of Bangladesh are suffered for session jams. (Tanvir, 2010). Both
public and private universities are facing the problem. However, it is trying to overcome the
situation. Sometimes it requires 7 to 8 years to complete 4-years undergraduate courses. The
political instability, irregular class schedule and unwanted closer is the main reason for session
jam. In fact, during COVID-19 the session jams become more worse. To avoid such kind of
session jams universities are decided to conduct online classes. (Tanvir, 2010).
At present we know about three basic components for doing online classes. Those
components are digital devices, high-speed internet, and platform. (Zaman, 2020). On the
other hand, we have knowledge gap regarding proper online student performance assessment
system. Moreover, we are not able to use efficiently our resources for conducting online
classes. (Abdullah, 2020).
This research has significant importance because here we try to find out online education
outcome, potential assessment of student performance and deficiency of resources while
conducting online classes. After concluding this research, UGC can standardised a policy that
can distribute resources equally among universities students and make a standard grading
system.
Research Objective
To investigate the effective way of online teaching and assessment of student performance
as well as the resources needed to conduct online classes.
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Research Questions
• How much concerned are students about the study gap and voluntary participation in
online classes?
• What kind of technological properties have both students and teachers?
• What kind of technological knowledge do not have both faculty and students?
• What difficulties do teachers face when evaluating students’ performance in online
classes?
• What are the main problems that teachers and students face when conducting online
classes?
• What steps should be taken by education policy makers to create a smooth online
education system?
Literature Review
This literature review purpose is verifying the research that is available in similar field. Since
our country has lack of research on this relevant topic, the review is being conducted based
on research from different countries. In addition, the literature review section of research can
describe importance of conducting this research.
COVID-19
Coronavirus first identified at Wuhan, China in 2019. (Onyema, et al., 2020) The world was
not prepared for the outbreak of COVID-19. However, World Health Organization (WHO)
provide a quick guideline to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus. As a result, many countries
give lockdown and people are using work from home. Most of the country-imposed military for
forcing people staying at home. Resident gets medical services, banking services and
education by using online resources. Moreover, domestic, and international level sports closed
because of COVID-19. All the educational institution closed down due to coronavirus. As a
result, educational activities such as examination, classes, assignment, and presentation
badly hampered. In fact, economics activities also hampered because of COVID-19.
(Onyema, et al., 2020).
Online Education
Traditional education system is changing because of COVID-19. (Basilaia & Kvavadze, 2020).
In the past, students use to conduct their class by using blackboard, classroom and book. On
the other hand, online education system is totally different from traditional education system.
Student are now conducting classes by using desktops, laptops, and tables. However,
broadband, and mobile data is used for connection. In fact, several software such as Zoom,
Google meet and EduPage are popularly used for conducting classes. In the supports of online
education, students enrich knowledge from remote area. (Basilaia & Kvavadze, 2020).
Role of Technology
Technology is essential part of our life. Like others sector, education needs technological
instruments for accepting 21st
century’s challenges. (Khan, 2014). Technology helps
conducting online classes that is an updated version of distance learning. A research based
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on Online Language Teacher Education (OLTE) showed that teacher can be develop their
technological knowledge by training. According to this research, teacher can get training at
three stages that are preservice, Inservice and ongoing service stages. Nowadays educational
institutions are use multimedia classroom, virtual realities and computerize automated
instrument for doing classes. Bangladesh government also try to combine Information and
Communications Technology (ICT) and education sector for achieving digital Bangladesh
goal. (Khan, 2014).
Role of Private University
In Bangladesh private universities are established under Private University Act 1992,
approved by Bangladesh government. (Islam & Salma, 2016). It can develop manpower,
enhance efficiency level as well as critical thinking power. In fact, the demand of higher
education is increasing day by day. As a result, private universities have a significant demand
in our country. In order to availability of higher education in Bangladesh, government is
permitting to establishing private universities. However, government has entirely control over
the private university approvement and rejection. University of Grant Commission (UGC) is
the regulatory body to control private university education quality and other factors. Private
university has capacity to adopt the changes of education sector. As a result, transection to
online from traditional classroom is very easy for private universities. (Islam & Salma, 2016).
Private Universities has a tendency of using business model that is maximization of profit.
(Mazumder, 2013). As a result, the quality of private university is badly hampered. The
universities focused to earn money instead of quality education. In addition, resources such
as computer laboratory, chemistry research laboratory and pharmacy laboratory are limited at
private university. So, students are facing problem while they do their practical. In case of
online education, there is no opportunity of doing practical things. It is one of the biggest
limitations of conducting online classes. (Mazumder, 2013).
Role of Public University
After the liberation war of Bangladesh, the number of public universities is increased
significantly. (Ahmmed, 2013). In Bangladesh most of the students are trying to get admission
at a public university. But the seat capacity is very limited at public university. There are several
reasons for selecting public university. The Public university has wide range of subjects,
collaboration with national and international universities, sufficient resources and high
opportunity to attend seminar or workshop.
Assessment System
Assessment has a strong impact on effective learning. (Baleni, 2015). In case of higher
education assessment must be more formal. It helps to evaluate students’ academic progress.
Moreover, teacher can identity student concentration and effort by maintaining proper
assessment system. A study proven that assessment influence students to their academic
learning. A term “backwash” refers to forcing students to learn by the assessment system.
However, traditional classrooms and online assessment systems are completely different from
each other. In online assessment, teacher use technology to take exam, give feedback and
have a group discussion. It is popularly known as e-assessment. (Baleni, 2015).
In online assessment system, teacher focus on the quality and quantity of opinion that a
student has regarding on particular matter. (Robles & Braathen, 2012). However, student’s
Page 3

ethic is highly required for taking exam. In addition, self-assessment can be used for
evaluating student performance. Moreover, teacher can evaluate a student by analysing
competitive thinking capacity. Case study, threaded discussions, group projects,
conversational quality and peer review can be a possible solution for online assessment.
(Robles & Braathen, 2012).
Universities of Dhaka
In Dhaka there is 48 Private universities and 9 Public universities. (Jasim & Siddiqui, 2019).
The average number of students in private university is 4,570 and average number of teachers
is 224. On the other hand, public universities have significant number of teacher and students.
Each 5.38 square kilometre of Dhaka has a university. (Jasim & Siddiqui, 2019).
Knowledge gap
The research purpose to fill up the study gap providing information to University Grant
Commission (UGC). It could be helping to mitigating study gap of universities student by
establishing a policy and standard framework. As a result, during COVID-19 we can conduct
our online class frequently. Moreover, it could be help students doing online courses when the
pandemic is over.
Conceptual Framework
This conceptual framework shows how COVID-19 is transforming our education system into
online based education. However, the research will be forced on public and private universities
education system. The conceptual framework is aimed only north Dhaka and south Dhaka
universities. In fact, it can describe the connection between online classes and resources.
Online classes require resources such as software, high-speed internet and smart devices.
There is a strong relation between those resources and fulfilment of study gap. If students and
teachers have accessibility, affordability and adaptability of the resources, the session jam
Page 4

problem can be solved. Study gap indicates continuing our education without session jam.
There is high probability to sustain online education system in long run.
The high access, affordability and adaptability of resources can be higher chances of possible
outcome. Those factors have positive impact on conducting online classes. As a result, it built
relation between online education and possible outcome of the research.
After conducting the research, we will develop a policy under University Guaranteed
Commission (UGC). As a result, public and private university would get a guideline to conduct
online education fluently. Moreover, teachers will be getting a standard assessment policy that
help to give proper grading to the students. Finally, our research objective can be fulfilled by
providing quality education to our students.
Methodology
In this research will be followed mixed methods as we will collect data from conducting survey
and the interview. So, both qualitative and qualitative data will be collected to conducting the
research. The survey will be providing quantitative data and interview will be provided
qualitative data.
This research has four different types of groups that is: students, teachers, parents, and
education administration. As a result, we select mixed methods. The number of students in
public and private universities is very high. So, survey methods will be applied for collecting
data from students. On the other hand, we want to collect information from internet platform.
We collect information from journal, newspaper and research paper.
Survey Findings
This survey is helpful to understand Bangladesh University student the in Covid-19 Situation.
What are they suffering in the covid-19 situation and the activity of online classes? Here are
some survey findings described below
Mixed Method
Primary Data
Survey Private Univrsity Students
Survey Public Univrsity Students
Secondary Data
Online Journal
Newspaper
Online Research Paper
Page 5

15-20
years
4%
21-25 years
65%
26-30 years
31%
31-35 years
0%
36-40 years
0%
46-50
years
0%
Above
50
0%
Age of respondence
15-20 years
21-25 years
26-30 years
31-35 years
36-40 years
46-50 years
Above 50
Undergradu
ate Level
28%
Graduate
student
70%
High School
2%
Educational qualification of
respondence
Undergraduate Level Graduate student High School
Rural
33%
Urban
67%
Residence area of respondence
Rural Urban
These four pie charts represent the basic information of university students. The first pie chart
represents the percentage of gender. Here we see that male students are participating more
than females. The second pie chart shows the age. Here more 65% of students age are 21-
25. The third pie chart represents the educational qualification of participants. And last pie
chart show number of participants where they live.
Male
65%
Female
35%
Others
0%
Gender of respondence
Male Female Others
Page 6

Less than 1 hours
9%
1 hour- 2 hours
15%
2 hours-3 hours
18%
3 hours – 4 hours
17%
More than 4
hours
41%
Time of using device each day because of online
classes
Less than 1 hours 1 hour- 2 hours 2 hours-3 hours
3 hours – 4 hours More than 4 hours
42
46
7
3
22
2
2
0 10 20 30 40 50
Google Meet
Google Zoom
Facebook Live
Video Call
Recorded Lecture
Kahoot
Youtube
Online Platform
These four pie charts represent the basic information of university students. The first pie chart
represents the percentage of gender. Here we see that male students are participating more
than females. The second pie chart shows the age. Here more 65% of students age are 21-
25. The third pie chart represents the educational qualification of participants. And last pie
chart show number of participants where they live.
Public
University
63%
Private
University
33%
High School
2%
National
University
2%
University of respondence
Public University Private University
High School National University
51
31
11
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mobile
Laptop
Computer
Tablet
Respondence device
Mobile
network
19%
Broadband
Network
22%
Both
59%
Respondence use network
Mobile network Broadband Network Both
45
47
16
7
1
1
4
0 10 20 30 40 50
Google Classroom
Gmail
Google Drive
Moodle
Edmodo
Microsoft Teams
Canvas
Platform use to submit your answer
scripts
Page 7

These bar charts represent their opinions. What actually facing problems in online classes.
These bar carts results tell that there is no proper way of learning. When they participate in
online classes, they face many problems. But in the covid-19 situation, there is no other option.
8
9
18
11
8
0
5
10
15
20
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree
Online classes are easily
understandable
11
13
10
9
11
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
It is comfortable to conduct
online tests
7
5
13
19
10
0
5
10
15
20
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Online class is easily accessible
9
16
7
4
12
0
5
10
15
20
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Communicating with teacher is
easy during online classes
20
10
7
10
7
0
5
10
15
20
25
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Communicating with
classmates is easy during online
classes
11
9
17
12
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Online assignments help to
understand the course contents
Page 8

These bar charts represent their opinions. What actually facing problems in online classes.
These bar carts results tell that there is no proper way of learning. When they participate in
online classes, they face many problems. But in the covid-19 situation, there is no other option.
5
9
11
15
14
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Online classes have flexibility
than traditional classes
4
7
20
15
8
0
5
10
15
20
25
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
The online class materials are useful
and accurate
4
7
20
15
8
0
5
10
15
20
25
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Students are technologically
prepared for this
3
12
14
19
6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Faculties are qualified to teach this
class in online
7
15
13
11
8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Online classes increase
knowledge of the subject matter
7
8
12
14
13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Taking class notes is easy in online
classes
Page 9

Secondary Research Findings
The disease outbreak COVID-19 pandemic impacted public health and safety and the
educational systems worldwide. Most of students faced difficulty participating in virtual classes
and could not communicate with their friends correctly during online classes. Thus, they faced
challenges in online schooling, and the majority of the students preferred conventional types
of learning to virtual classes and did not understand the content of virtual classes easily. The
study also explored that most students did not feel comfortable in online classes. Still,
considering the present pandemic situation, they decided to participate in online classes to
continue schooling. Most of the students have no any digital devices. In Bangladesh the mobile
networking is very poor. These findings would be an essential guideline for governments,
policymakers, technology developers, and university authorities for making better policy
choices in the future.
Recommendation
• Device problem: All students are not good devices that’s why when they join the online
classes their device does not work properly.
• Network problem: The network problem is one of the greatest problems for the students.
3G or 4G data are available everywhere.
• Communicate with friends: It is necessary to communicate with friends. Because when
teachers give any group assignment, we must need to communicate with them.
• Accessing & Communicating Problems: In Bangladeshi students are facing difficulty
accessing online classes and communicating with teachers and classmates during online
classes.
• New approach: The online learning system is a very uncommon and newer approach in
developing countries like Bangladesh. All students are not comfortable using this new
online class approach.
• Understand class contents: Moreover, most students face difficulty understanding class
contents, lectures, and sometimes getting proper study materials in an online learning
system. They said online classes could not create a natural classroom environment.
• Time-consuming: Online classes are time-consuming; but at the same time, anybody can
take part in online classes at any time, which saves time and minimizes the risk of infection
and disease transmission.
Conclusion
In this research we founded that most of the students has faced problem in online education
system. In addition, teacher is also facing problem during the time of deliver the lecture.
However, online class has created communication gap between teacher and students or
between students to students. On the other hand, it is only to provide education during the
crisis moment. So, we have to adopt the online education system as soon as possible.
Page 10

References
Abdullah, M. (2020, June 5). UGC: Universities not ready to conduct online classes. Retrieved from
Dhaka Tribute: https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/education/2020/06/05/ugc-
universities-not-ready-to-conduct-online-
classes#:~:text=Universities%20in%20Bangladesh%20are%20not,University%20Grants%20C
ommission%20(UGC).
Ahmmed, M. M. (2013, June). Higher Education in Public Universities in Bangladesh. Journal of
Management and Science, 3(2), 2-4. Retrieved August 27, 2020, from
http://jms.nonolympictimes.org
Askari, R. (2020, June 4). Virtual learning is no longer the future- it is here. Retrieved from The Daily
Star: https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/news/virtual-learning-no-longer-the-future-it-
here-1908433
Baleni, Z. G. (2015). Online formative assessment in higher education: Its pros and cons. The
Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 13( 4), 228-230. Retrieved August 26, 2020, from
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1062122
Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to Online Education in Schools during a SARS-CoV-2.
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Giannin, S. (2020, March 20). Retrieved from UNESCO :
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Islam, D. M. (2020, July 25). Online classes for university students in Bangladesh during the Covid-19
pandemic- is it feasible? Retrieved from The Business Standard:
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Islam, K. A., & Salma, U. (2016, June 30). The Role of Private Universities in Higher Education of.
International Journal of Finance and Banking Research, 2(4), 123-124.
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Jasim, M. M., & Siddiqui, K. (2019, November 2). A university in every 5.38 square kilometres.
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targets-1366513
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