The purpose of this paper is to outline the events that happened in that era such that we can find Leader’s impact, significant events, innovations. These findings will help us better understanding the era from 1371 AD to 1720 AD.

1. BUSINESS LEADERSHIP
GROUP D (1371 AD-1720 AD)

2. Rise and Fall of
Dynasty
War & Conflicts
Literature
Works
Innovation &
Discoveries
Individual
Leaders
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

3. 1651-1720
1371-1440 1581-1650
1511-1580
1441-1510
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
By Constantine I
(330-1453)
MONGOL EMPIRE
By Genghis Khan
(1206-1405)
MAMLUK EMPIRE
By Sultan Saladin
(1250-1517)
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
By Charlemagne's
(1250-1517)
MONGOL EMPIRE FALLS
Defeated by Ming Dynasty
(1206-1405)
INCA EMPIRE
By Manco Capae
(1438-1525)
PORTUGESE EMPIRE
By Henry The Nagivator
(1450-1975)
HABSBURG EMPIRE
By Radbot of Klettgau
(1452-1806)
SPANISH EMPIRE
By Hernán Cortés
(1492-1898)
BYZANTINE EMPIRE FALLS
Defeated by Sultan Mehmed II
(330-1453)
MUGHAL EMPIRE
By Babur
(1526-1805)
RUSSIAN EMPIRE
By Peter the Great
(1552-1991)
SWEDISH EMPIRE
By King Gustavus Adolphus
(1560-1660)
MAMLUK EMPIRE FALLS
(1250-1517)
Defeated by Selim I
INCA EMPIRE FALLS
(1438-1525)
Defeated by Francisco Pizarro
BRITISH EMPIRE
King Henry VII
(1607-1980)
FRENCH EMPIRE
By Nepolean Bonaparte
(1611-1980)
QING DYNASTY
By Manchus
(1644-1911)
SWEDISH EMPIRE FALLS
(1560-1660)
Treaty of Olivia
End of Polish Swedish War
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
By Osman I
(1453-1932)
RISE AND FALL
OF DYNASTY

4. 80 Years War
Battle of Downs
3 Kingdon War
1568-1648
Qing Conquest of Ming
Ming vs. Qing
Asia
1618-1683
Spanish Conquest
of Peru
Conquest of Inca Empire
South America
1532-1572
Polish Ottoman War
Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth and the
Ottoman Empire
1620-1621
1672-1676
30 Years War
Battle of Lutzer
Battle of Nordlingen
Europe
1618-1648
WARS
AND
CONFLICTS

5. LITERATURE WORKS
Edward II
Christopher
Marlowe
England
Play
1592
Romeo and
Juliet
William
Shakespeare
England
Play
1596
The
Merchant
of Venice
William
Shakespeare
England
Play
1597
Julius
Caesar
William
Shakespeare
England
Play
1601
Hamlet
William
Shakespeare
England
Play
1603
Robinson
Crusoe
Daniel
Defoe
England
Novel
1719

6. INNOVATIONS & DISCOVERIES
1450-Printing Press
Invented by Johannes
1543-Copernicus
Claims Earth Circles
the Sun and
1610-Galileo Proves
Copernican System
Correct
1609-Kepler
Publishes His Laws of
Planetary Motion
1572-Brache
Observes Super Nova
1638-Galileo Explains
Principles of Falling
Bodies
1674-Boyle's Law
1672-Newton
Premiers Reflecting
Telescope
1669-Newton
Explains Calculus
1672-Newton Founds
Study of Mechanics
1698 Steam Pump
Introduced

7. German City Mainz
Birth: 1398
Death: 3 February, 1468
JOHANNES
GUTENBERG
“. Gutenberg’s invention of printing is without doubt one of the biggest in
history simply because of the fact that it allowed people to share the
knowledge that had been at the hands of a select few for hundreds of
years.”

8. JOHANNES
GUTENBERG
1398 - 1468
Visionary Of Rare Quality
INNOVATIONS:
Movable type printing
Type of ink that would make printing feasible
Foundation for printing
the Bible University of Erfurt’
1418
Ray of Light, 1440,
Strasbourg
1444 and 1448
1450, opened up his
Printing Press
Test the effectiveness of
the press was a poem in
German Buried at a church in
his home town of
Mainz

9. Birth: 6 January, 1412
Died: 30-May-1431
Location of death: Rouen, France
Cause of death: Execution
JOAN OF ARC
The Maid of Orléans
“Canonized as a Roman Catholic saint more than 500 years later, on
May 16, 1920”

10. Roman Catholic Saint
500 years
MYSTICAL VISIONS
At age 18 she led the French army to
victory over the English at Orléans
1424, series of
visions Convinced Charles
VII of France
April 29-May 9,
1429
Fail to capture Paris,
September 1429
May 31, 1431
Charles gave the 17-year-old Joan
of Arc armor and a horse and
allowed her to accompany the
army to Orléans
Charles ordered an investigation
that in 1456 declared Joan of Arc
to be officially innocent of all
charges and designated a martyr
May 16, 1920, patron saint of
France

11. Cuzco Valley
9th Inca ruler (r. 1438 - 1471 CE)
Founding the site of Machu Picchu
PACHACUTI INCA
YUPANQUI
Pachacutec

12. 9th Inca Ruler
15th Century CE
Reverser of the World | Earth-shaker
Epoch-changing event or ‘turning over
of time and space’
Rose to prominence
when the Chanca,
attacked Cuzco in the
early 15th century CE. 1st Inca ruler to have
ambitions beyond Cuzco
Conquered territories in
the Cuzco (Huantanay)
Valley
Spanish conquest from
1532 CE
Moving south-east Pachacuti then
conquered the basin of Lake
Titicaca, including the cultures of
the Colla and Lupaqa.

13. KING
HENRY VII
Birth: January 28, 1457
Death: April 21, 1509
“The future Henry VII was born with a claim to the English crown
which was extremely slight and intriguingly complicated. He was to
spend his youth in the nightmare politics of the Wars of the Roses
but he was a survivor.”

14. King Henry VII
22 August 1485 – 21 April 1509
Taken away from
mother at age 5 and
given wardship to
William, Lord Herbert
Lost William in 1469
and stayed with Lady
Herbert
Met Henry VI and
the mad king’s
Prediction?
Returned to uncle Jasper
but faced withstanding
siege by a Yorkist army in
Pembroke Castle.
Managed to get away by
ship to Brittany in 1471 and
Duke François gave shelter
England’s Yorkist king,
Edward IV & Louis XI of
France wanted him
Henry led an
invasion from
Brittany in 1485,
defeated Richard III
at Bosworth Crowned: October 30,
1485 at Westminster
Abbey
13th great-grandfather of
Elizabeth II
His Mother’s
Contribution

15. BABUR (panther)
Zahir ud-din Muhammad
• Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat (AD 1526)
• Rana Sanga (Sangram Singh) at battle of Khanwa
• Medini Rai of Chenderi at Battle of Chanderi (AD 1528)
• Mahmud Lodi at Battle of Ghagra (AD 1529)
February 14, 1483
1st Mughal Emperor

16. 1st Mughal Emperor
16th -19th Century
North of India
Direct descendant of
tamerlane by his father,
Umar sheikh Mirza
Enclosed Samarkand,
1497 At age 15.
Consequence
As a Soldier
As a Diplomat
As a Builder
As an Emotional Speaker
As a Physically Strong Man
Fearless in battles.
Fine scrapper, smart archer and
very good horseman
Balance among his Mughal,
Afghan and Indian nobles
Two men in his arms.
Swam across rivers in India.
Ride horse for eighty miles.
Battle of Khanwa.
Fought valiantly and won.
Bagh-e-Babur 1504 -1525. Avenue
garden, Babri Masjid, Jama
Masjid, Panipat Mosque, Kabuli
Bagh Mosque

17. SULEIMAN I
The Magnificent
November 6, 1494
10th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
“While in charge of his domain's political, military and monetary
force, he presented significant authoritative changes with respect to
training, tax collection, society and criminal law which denoted a
synchronization of the two sorts of Ottoman law, the Sharia (strict)
and the Kanun (sultanic).”

18. Kanuni (The Lawgiver)
4 Decades: 16th Century
Brilliant Period of Ottoman Empire
RULLING AREAS:
Rhodes and Belgrade, the
Christian dominated
regions; much of Hungary;
huge areas of North Africa.
Invasion of
Belgrade in 1521
and Rhodes in
1522
Vanquished most of Hungary
in the Battle of Mohács,
August 29, 1526.
Vanquished the
Hungarian King, Louis II,
in the Battle of Mohács
Consequence?
Predominance of Ottoman naval
force in the Persian Gulf, Red Sea
and the Mediterranean
In 1538, Khayr al-Dīn, naval
commander of the Ottoman
armada, Battle of Preveza
1571, Battle of
Lepanto
September 1538
during the Siege of
Diu

19. AKBAR
Enthroned At Age 14
Umarkot, Sindh, India
October 15, 1542
3rd Mughal Emperor
_____________________________________
• Inclusive leadership style as for his war mongering
• Ushered in an era of religious tolerance and
appreciation for the arts

20. 3rd Mughal Emperor
1556 - 1605
Direct descendent of
Ghengis Khan
RULLING AREAS:
North: Afghanistan
West: Sindh
East: Bengal
South: Godavari River
Relationship with
Bairam Khan
Understanding with
Rajput rulers
Creating Central
Government
Abolished religious
differences
1574, revised
tax system
Formed strong
matrimonial alliances
Separate revenue
collection
1575, Fatehpur Sikri,
a walled city temple
(ibadat-khana)
1579, mazhar
the “Infallibility
Decree,”
1582 , Din-i-Ilahi
(divine faith)
Navaratna (nine
gems)
Akbar died in 1605
Dysentery/poisoning

21. ELIZABETH I
ENGLAND
“Though the gender to which I belong is considered weak you will
nevertheless find me a rock that bends to no wind.”
“Anger makes dull men witty, but it keeps them poor.”
7 September, 1533
Queen Of England

22. Ruled England
1558 To 1603
45 years of reign denoted a SUBLIME AGE
canny knowledge | sharp mind | hardheaded assurance
Virgin Sovereign
Established The
Church Of England Compromise between
Roman Catholicism and
Protestantism
Helped England bag one of the
greatest military victories against
Spain by defeating the Spanish
Armada
Exchange relations were
created among Britain
and Barbary States
Britain exchanged amours,
ammo, timber and metals in
return for Moroccan sugar
Settled Political Relations
with the Footrest Realm
Delivering unequaled and
unparalleled writing: William
Shakespeare and Christopher
Marlowe
ELIZABETHAN
PERIOD
Triumph against the Spanish
Naval force in 1588

23. SULTAN
AHMED I
April 1590
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

24. Sultan of the Ottoman
Empire
1603 To 1617
SKILLS
Fencing | Poetry |
Horseback Riding | Fluency
In Several Languages
Ottoman Empire
Marking the end
of the Ottoman
Tradition of Royal
Fratricide Renewed trade treaties
with England, France
and Venice
July, 1612: First
Ever Trade Treaty
Construction of
the Blue Mosque

25. January 5, 1592
4th Mughal Emperor
SHAHAB-UD-
DIN MUHAMMAD
KHURRAM

26. Child and successor
of Jahangir, the
fourth Mughal
Emperor.
One Of The Greatest
Mughal Emperors
Military Commander
Architectural Achievements
Taj Mahal, Agra
Jahangir's death in late
1627
January 1628 in Agra under
the regnal title "Shah Jahan
4th Mughal Emperor
1628 - 1658

27. CHARLES II
Merry Monarch
LIVELY | EXUBERANT NATURE
_____________________________________
Prevailed in his court as well, that mostly functioned on
hedonism and cavorting style
Son of King Charles I of England and Queen Henrietta Maria
Duke of Cornwall
Duke of Rothesay
Prince of Wales

28. King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
RESTORATION
PERIOD
1649 - 1651
1660 - 1685 Tender age of fourteen, he
along with his father fought
in the Battle of Edgehill
Crowned as the
monarch of England,
Scotland, and Ireland
Two tragic events in British
history – Great Plague of
London | Great Fire of
London
1649, his father
was beheaded
and that year the
Parliament of
Scotland….
April 1660, the
Convention
Parliament voted
for a resolution
May 1660, he was
invited by the
English Parliament
Dissolved the
parliament many a
times so that the
Exclusion Bill should
not be passed, 1681 He died at the age of 54
at the Whitehall Palace
Charles's reign saw the rise of colonization and trade in India, the East Indies and America
(the British captured New York from the Dutch in 1664), and the Passage of Navigation Acts
that secured Britain's future as a sea power. He founded the Royal Society in 1660 which is
now UK’s national academy of sciences.

29. Born: May 28, 1660
Died: May 28, 1727
GEORGE I
Of Great Britain
“Principal ruler of the 'Place of Hanover.”
“Nation was experiencing a significant move toward innovation and
the ruler framework was going to be supplanted by a bureau
parliament.”

30. George I
Aug 1, 1714–May 28, 1727
Controlled Britain & Ireland - Mid
18th Century
RULLING AREAS:
German areas of the Duchy and Electorate of
Brunswick-Lüneburg
Some portion of the Roman Empire in
Germany
1692, Principle of
Primogeniture 1701, Act of
Settlement
Coronation,
October 1714
Rebellion
1719
Weakened the relations
English and Spanish
monarchs
Criticism faced
Strengthened political
ties with France Robert Walpole
George II 1724, Robert and
Charles took over
the governance
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Active In British
Foreign Policy
Anti-Spanish Alliance
with France in
1717 - 1718
Lord Sunderland's
power, 1719
Whig government
formed

31. BUSINESS LEADERSHIP
GROUP D (1371 AD-1720 AD)
THANK YOU!