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Free Bsd7.2 Install V1.7
1.
Install FreeBSD7.2
資料照片: 林國書 編寫:周士玉 1 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable 課程講師 :林國書 最後修訂20090817
2.
選擇國家--Taiwan 2 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
3.
安裝方式選擇自訂安裝---Custom 3 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
4.
選擇Partition 4 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
5.
Disk Patition
Editor – 指派要給BSD的硬碟容量 5 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
6.
開幾管理程式---請選擇Standard 6 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
7.
Disklabel Editor—切各分割和Swap區域 實際架設伺服器---不建議使用A(Auto
Defaults) 您可以參考---下一張簡報----手動分割的建議 7 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
8.
手動建立分割的建議 /----建議割2G swap建議割1G
/var建議割30G (資料庫、log、mail) /usr剩餘空間全部給它 (越大越好)(Moodle網站+家目錄) (我們不用刻意切一個/home分割) (因為/home/~帳號 = /usr/home/~帳號 (好像是自動以Symbolic link 來連結) 因為這台機器是定位Moodle專用機 若時要當一般 File Server 我還是習慣要獨立/home 分割 8 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
9.
選擇要安裝的套件:Kern Developer 9
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
10.
請確認要安裝 FreeBSDports套件 10
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
11.
選擇安裝的媒體CD/DVD 11 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
12.
要正式安裝請按--Commit 12 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
13.
最後一次問你真的要安裝嗎? 13 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
14.
安裝過程的畫面… 14 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
15.
安裝完後開機前…. FreeBSD會問我們 是否要預先做好系統環境的組態---Yes
15 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
16.
設定Root 密碼 16
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
17.
新增普通帳號 17 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
18.
新增可以su的普通帳號 Login ID
:sysadm(這個名稱不好 建議改成更一般的名稱例如guoshu) Group: 0(這是老大的群組) Member groups:wheel(到時候這個帳號才可以有su的權限) Login shell:/bin/tcsh(把登入的shell改成tcsh會比要好用) OK 18 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
19.
設定時區—台灣時區不是UTC—所以請選NO 19 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
20.
設定時區—請選Asia 20 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
21.
設定時區—請選Taiwan 21 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
22.
時區名稱CST--合理嗎?Yes 22 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
23.
Network Services Menu
選擇進入Interfaces… 23 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
24.
一定要加選到sshd (因為等下我們要使用遠端連線) 24
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
25.
選擇這台機器上正確的網卡代號 (通常第一個就是啦) (不同廠商的網卡會有不同代號—請不要緊張例如有廠牌的網卡代號是eth0)
25 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
26.
這張網卡要設定IPv6嗎? NO 26
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
27.
再問一次這張網卡要設定IPv6嗎? NO 27
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
28.
這張網卡要設定DHCP嗎? NO PS.當Server的機器還是用固定IP(static
ip)比較好 28 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
29.
網路的基本組態 Host:moodle.eces.hcc.edu.tw(請填入完整的FQDN的名稱要向DNS的管理員申請後才能真是使用) Domain:
eces.hcc.edu.tw (請填入貴單位的網域名稱) IPv4 Gateway(請填入貴單位閘道器的IP) Name server (請填入DNS伺服器的IP) IPv4 Address (請填入這台機器的IP) Netmask (請填入子網路遮罩) 29 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
30.
要讓這張網卡的網路組態 立即生效嗎?Yes 30
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
31.
到此已經安裝完畢---請按Exit Install 31
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
32.
提醒:系統將重開機,請記得把光碟片拿開 32 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
33.
提醒: 重開機時光碟片要記得拿開 不然又要進入「重新安裝」的畫面
PS老兄別鬧了~您還想重裝幾次? 33 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
34.
第一次開機的畫面… 34 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
35.
恭喜大家~安裝成功了!! 35 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
36.
下載及介紹國書準備好的四個檔案 36 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
37.
下載國書準備好的四個檔案 Install FreeBSD
7.2 Stable 37 fetch http://163.19.30.2/guoshu_bsd_src/make.conf //設定使用ports tree安裝程式,相關檔案預設要去下載的地方 fetch http://163.19.30.2/guoshu_bsd_src/distfiles.tar.gz //國書預先把一些distfiles從國外下載回來,為我們省一些時間 fetch http://163.19.30.2/guoshu_bsd_src/var_db_ports.tar.gz /*國書預先幫我們把用ports tree安裝過程裝中,需要勾選的選項,寫入到/var/db/ports/套件路徑/optons裡。 這樣我們用ports tree安裝套件時,就不用慢慢勾選那些惱人的選項*/ fetch http://163.19.30.2/guoshu_bsd_src/var_db_portsnap.tar.gz //用portsnap方式更新ports tree最重要的檔案
38.
make.conf+distfiles.tar.gz Install FreeBSD
7.2 Stable 38 #mvmake.conf /etc/. #mv var_db_ports.gz /var/db/. #mvvar_db_portsnap.tar.gz /var/db/. #mvdistfiles.tar.gz /usr/ports/. #cd /urs/ports/ #ls *.tar.gz #tar zxvfdistfiles.tar.gz #rm –f distfiles.tar.gz 解說:移動檔案及解壓縮後刪除檔案的動作…
39.
var_db_portsnap.tar.gz Install FreeBSD
7.2 Stable 39 var_db_ports.tar.gz #cd /var/db/ #tar zxvfvar_db_portsnap.tar.gz---這個動作好像是多餘的…. #tar zxvfvar_db_ports.tar.gz #rm –f var_db* 解說:解壓縮檔案及解壓縮後刪除檔案的動作…
40.
傳統更新ports tree的方法 CVSup的介紹
(已經不建議使用了—本段純欣賞) (CVSup更新時是沒有加密的) 40 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
41.
使用CVSup更新的缺點 41 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
42.
42 Install FreeBSD
7.2 Stable 使用CVSup 更新的缺點
43.
(國書深情推薦使用…) 強烈改用portsnap更新ports tree
43 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
44.
為什麼要改用 portsnap更新ports tree?
44 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
45.
portsnap下載更新檔案的過程 (var_db_ports_tar.gz) 是有加密的
45 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
46.
portsnap下載完更新檔案後 var_db_ports_tar.gz 會有兩道檔案指紋的安全辨識
(md5+?(胖胖忘記了)) 46 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
47.
使用portsnap更新過的ports tree
再make install過程中下載的檔案 也會有兩道檔案指紋的安全辨識 (md5+?(胖胖忘記了)) 47 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
48.
下載 portsnap更新檔 (這個步驟這次暫時不用作)
(國書已為大家下載好了) #cd /usr/ports #portsnap fetch 這個動作會自動去下載var_db_ports.tar.gz 到 /var/db 底下(過程可能要一個小時~) 若要自行下載…過程要回答一些有阿沒的…請耐心回答 48 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
49.
portsnap更新ports tree #portsnap
extract 解說:這個指令會自動去解壓縮/var/db /var_db_ports.tar.gz這個檔案解壓縮完成後基本上就完成更新整個ports tree結構的動作 Ps.這個指令應該只會用到1次喔… #portsnap update 解說:之後更新ports tree請用這個指令 49 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
50.
Install FreeBSD 7.2
Stable 50 補充:早期透過用CVSup更新ports tree的指令目前強烈不建議使用(安全性的考量)—請純欣賞!! #cd /urs/ports/ #make update
51.
剛剛過程中的一些參考畫面(純欣賞)~ 51 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
52.
#portsnap fetch extract
ports tree檔案下載、解壓、更新~一次完成的指令 52 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
53.
ports tree解壓縮指令portsnap extract
53 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
54.
更新ports tree指令 54
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
55.
ee編輯器(基本操作說明) ^Y(Ctrl+Y):啟動字串搜尋功能…. ^X(Ctrl+X):尋找下一筆符合條件的字串
Esc + Enter: 呼叫儲存檔案的選單 55 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
56.
常用的指令-「基本操作指令」 fetch
//抓網路上的檔案 uname –a 顯示FreeBSD安裝版本的詳細資訊 cd //切換目錄Change Directory pwd //查看目前的所在路徑Print Working Directory df -h //用MB,GB的方式來顯示各分割的剩餘空間 sync;sync; shutdon -h now //把記憶體的資料寫入檔案並關機 ps -ax |grepmysqld //查看mysqld是否已經啟動 56 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
57.
常用的指令-「檔案操作相關」 tar zxvf
//解壓縮檔案 mv moodle195 moodle (把moodle195資料夾更名為moodle) mv folder/ ../../ (把folder往上移動兩層) cp -Rfmoodle/ ../ /*用現在路徑的moodle資料夾強制覆蓋上一層的Moodle資料夾*/ chmod -R www * /*把目前所有的檔案和資料夾(含子資料夾) 的所有權給www群組*/ 57 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
58.
常用的指令-「套件安裝相關」 make all
install /*使用ports tree程式安裝--all代表要自動安裝有相依性的檔案*/ make clean /*清除這個port底下,(剛剛)安裝過程中所產生的work工作資料夾(work裡面好像是編譯好的Binary 程式)*/ make deinstall install /*重新安裝套件:清除work資料夾及相關的distfiles;重新下載安裝套件 #pkg_info查看安裝的相關訊息 58 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
59.
常用的指令-「套件安裝相關」 /*把已下載的原始程式碼(distfiles)全部清除~的兩種方法*/ A.下指令
make distclean B.手動刪除 cd /usr/ports/distfiles rm –rf * 59 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
60.
安裝openssl 60 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
61.
安裝openssl #cd /usr/ports/security/opensll
#make all install #pkg_info 61 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
62.
安裝mysql60-server+Apache 22 62
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
63.
安裝前請先修改Makefiles #eeMakefiles Ctrl+Y啟動字串搜尋功能(關鍵字apache)
search for:apache Ctrl+X尋找下一筆符合條件的字串… USE_APACHE = 22 Esc + Enter: 請選擇儲存檔案.. 63 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable 注意:USE_APACHE 預設值是 13請改成 22
64.
提醒:等一下的過程中 會安裝到Apache 22喔~
64 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
65.
安裝mysql60-server #cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql60-server
#make all install #pkg_info 65 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable 注意:目前mysqld和httpd還沒啟動喔~
66.
大部分程式Runscript的位置 /usr/loca/etc/rc.d/ 66
Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable 若我們安裝比較新的套件,往往就需要把啟動的Runscript寫入到 /etc/rc.local
67.
請編輯開機啟動檔 /etc/rc.local讓開機時就啟動mysqld及httpd #ee
/etc/rc.local 請增加以下兩行 /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe & /usr/local/sbin/apachetl start 67 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
68.
請編輯開機啟動檔 /etc/rc.local讓開機時就啟動mysqld及httpd #ee
/etc/rc.local 請增加以下兩行 /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe & /usr/local/sbin/apachetl start 68 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
69.
剛剛過程中的一些參考畫面(純欣賞)~ 69 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
70.
70 Install FreeBSD
7.2 Stable
71.
71 Install FreeBSD
7.2 Stable
72.
72 Install FreeBSD
7.2 Stable
73.
安裝php5-extensions 73 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
74.
74 Install FreeBSD
7.2 Stable
75.
這個畫面我們看不到了 國書已經把選項幫我寫入 /var/db/ports/lang/php5-extentions/options
75 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
76.
國書推薦的小工具 ssh client(國書最常用的遠端連線軟體)
Piety (把檔案拖進畫面,就可以用ssh通道上傳) 76 Install FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
77.
謝謝觀賞~ 77 Install
FreeBSD 7.2 Stable
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