1. Bhadawari breeding tract Agra, Etawah, Jaluan, Aurriya, Jhansi and Lalitpur in U.P.& Bhind,
Morena and Gwalior dist. Of M.P. The Bhadawari Tehsil of Agra, Chakar Nagar and Barhpura block
of Etawah
Bhadawari buffaloes are high fat content in their milk, goes as high as 14 %. Zachariah (1941) had first
described this breed as “Bhadawan” buffalo –the best breed of buffaloes in U.P. The popularity of this breed
was known to the world by the detailed description given by Kaura (1950, 1961). Bhadawari found in
the ravines of Yamuna and Chambal rivers spread over U.P. & M.P.. The Bhadawari buffaloes have adapted
to climatic stress and draught conditions. They are said to be resistant to many tropical bovine diseases. The
buffaloes are low milk yield but the fat content as high as 13 % (Singh and Desai 1962). The male are
best for ploughing the marshy paddy fields and the mortality rate in the calves is quite low as compared to other
breeds.
The animals can easily tolerate the extreme weather conditions & maximum temperature goes up to 48oC.
Unlike Murrah buffaloes they do not demand frequent bath and wallowing, but enjoy it if given a chance.
Bhadawari are regular breeder giving a calf per year in the field condition. They have low milk yield but
sweet milk with high fat and flavor. So also used to this breed is highly suited for ghee making,
which is the common village industry.
TARAI
Origin and Breeding tract Tarai buffalo breed is the mainly breed of Uttarakhand. This breed is found
mainly in Ram Nagar, Sitarganj, Khatima, Nanakmatta areas of Kumaon of Uttarakhand. This breed is
also found in Philibhit and Bareilly districts of Uttar Pradesh.
Population As per 18th livestock census 2007, the total number of animals of this breed was recorded as
27,757 and total population of buffaloes in the state was recorded as 12-19 lacs. Tarai breed of buffalo
is less known breed being maintained by farmers in Tarai part of Uttarakhand and U.P. State.
Physical Characteristics Some of the important characteristics is described as follows: -
Body Grayish brown to black coat colour on black
color skin. Eyelids, hooves, nose ridge, face and
pastern joint are mostly black in 89 to 95%
cases.
Horns Orientation of horns is mostly backward (76%)
and black in color. Shape of horn is slightly
curved to sickle shape (76%) measuring 44 cm

2. with tip projecting mostly upward (72%). Horns
are smaller in females (32 cm) than males (44
cm.).
Marking
Eye
Tail Slightly lower than hock joint measuring 89 to
99 cm. Switch of the tail is mostly white.
Body Medium, compact with small, straight and
shining hair.Navel is tight and sheath is non
pendulous.
Head Short in length, convex (60%) or flat (35%) in
shape
Face
Neck Strong neck of 63 to 66 cm long in female and
70 to 71 cm long in males.
Ear Orientation of ear is backward and
comparatively small in size.
Limbs
Skin
Udder Shape of udder is mostly round (56%) and
rarely pendulous. Fore udder is either flat
(31%) or projected (45%) when filled with
milk. Rear udder is small.
Teats 46% of teats are small with pointed tips.
Morphological Characteristics
Heart girth of adult animals is 201 cm, while paunch girth is 227 cm, height of the animals is 156 cm.
Navel is tight and sheath is non pendulous. Temperament of female is docile, however, that of male is
aggressive as usual.
Performance Record
Fat per cent of milk was recorded from records of the primary milk collection society where farmer was
supplying the milk.
(a) Monthly milk yield: first month of first lactation was 127.07±4.18kg. while during second
lactation it was 125.86±3.39 kg. Milk yield progressively decline from third month to 12th month
of lactation.
(b) Lactation milk yield: 1054kg.
(c) Fat%: 6.58%.
(d) SNF%:8.57
(e) Lactation length :291days.
.
Reproduction Performance.
(a) Service Period: 197day‟s.
(b) Dry Period: 186days.
(c) Calving interval: 470days
Management Practices
In the breeding tract of this breed, farmers rear Tarai buffaloes with other species of animals. Majority
of the farmers tied their animals at night few farmers tied animals throughout the day and night.
Buffaloes are allowed to graze in forest/community land during the day time while they are kept near
the residence during night hours. The Van Gujjars of Uttarakhand maintained their buffaloes mainly on

3. grazing in the forest area.
Housing System
Mostly farmers keep the animals in houses which is a part of farmers‟ residence. Animals are housed
both in kachha (thatch) shelters and in cemented houses. During the day time animals are kept in open
houses. Animal sheds are well ventilated. The floors of most of the houses are kachha but some farmers
have brick soled floors. Van Gujjar of the area keep their animals in forest area under tree or under
some thatch houses. Farmers cleaned animals‟ shed when their animals are out of the shed for grazing
after morning milking. The dung, urine and other wastes in the sheds are cleaned daily.
Feeding System
Plenty of feed and fodders crops are available in the home tract region of Tarai buffaloes. Dry fodder
consists of wheat straw, maize, jowar and rice straw while barseem, lucerne, maize and jowar green
fodders are available as per seasonal pattern of cropping / availability. The farmers residing nearby to
the forest areas also collect leaves of different plants. Farmers use mustered cake, cooked grains of
barley, oat and wheat for feeding to Tarai buffaloes with better production performance. Almost all
farmers provide green folder as well as dry chaffed fodder to their animals. Soaked concentrate, mixed
with dry fodder is provided to the animals mostly at the time of milking. The milking of Tarai buffaloes is
done twice - in the morning and evening.
Breeding method
In the breeding tract of Tarai buffaloes, most of the farmers are keeping one or two buffaloes and land
holding is small. So it is not possible for each farmers to maintain a breeding bull. Thus, in the area, a
few Tarai bulls are maintained by the farmers have to be used for breeding.
Calf Management
Farmers allowed calves to suckle their mothers throughout the lactation period. In spite of low milk yield
of Tarai buffaloes, calf suckling is encouraged for milk let down. Dehorning of calves is not in practiced.
Deworming of the calves is not done by most of the farmers.
Conservation of Breed
(i) 10,590 doses of DFS of Tarai buffalo were prepared and supplied to NBAGR, Karnal.
(ii) 28 Tarai buffalo bulls maintained under the project were transferred to U.S. Nagar Dugdha
Utpadak Sahakari Sangh Ltd., Rudrapur for distribution to different milking societies for use in
breeding and improvement of Tarai buffaloes.
Socio-economic impact
The importance of this breed is being realized by the farmers as the animals can be maintained on low
input system by the marginal and small land holding farmers. This breed performs very well under
unfavourable conditions of Tarai climate, the males are very good for ploughing/puddling in the rice
fields. Therefore, the value of the Tarai buffalo will improve.
Breeding Policy for Buffalo in Uttarakhand
Name of the Zone Breeding Policy Remarks
Zone A: upto 1000 m Grading up with pure Policy universal for
Altitude: Murrah semen. buffalo state wide
Tropical Zone: Plains, Terai,
Bhavar, Shivalik & Vallies
Zone B: 1000 – 1500 m Grading up with pure Policy universal for
Altitude: Murrah semen. buffalo state wide
Subtropical Zone
Zone C: 1500 – 2400 m Grading up with pure Policy universal for
Altitude: Murrah semen. buffalo state wide
Cool Temperate Zone
Zone D: Above 2400 m Grading up with pure Policy universal for
Altitude: Murrah semen. buffalo state wide
Sub-Alpine Zone

4. contributed by CV singh and RS Barwal
Origin and breeding tract
The home tract of Nili-Ravi buffaloes range in the belt between the Sutluj and Ravi rivers of the undivided
Punjab Province. Actually Nili & Ravi were two different breeds long before, but due to the
passage of time and with intensive crossbreeding, the two breeds converted into single breed
named Nili-Ravi. Nili-Ravi buffaloes are found in almost all the districts, with major concentration in
Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Ferozepur districts of Indian Punjab and in Lahore, Sheikhupura, Faizabad,
Okora, Sahiwal, Multan, Bohawalpur and Bahwalnagar districts of Pakistan Punjab. However, due to good
dairy characteristics of this breed in Pakistan, Nili-Ravi buffaloes are found in whole of Pakistan with
major concentration in buffalo colony at Karachi, where large number of Nili Ravi buffaloes are procured
from the breeding tract for supply of fresh milk to city residents.
Population
The estimated population of Nili-Ravi type of buffaloes in their breeding tract(Ferozepur, Amritsar and
Gurudaspur districts of Punjab) is around 0.2 million(vij and Tantia,2005). The three districts have almost
equal number of these animals. Ferozepur district, which is otherwise considered as a breeding tract of
Nili-Rvi, now have more than 50% buffaloes of Murrah type. Ferozepur and Amritsar districts have only
10.8% and 8.7% of Nili-Ravi type buffaloes respectively. On the contrary, Gurudaspur district not known
earlier as major breeding tract of Nili-Ravi, has the highest proportion 14% of Nili-Ravi type buffaloes.
The majority of buffaloes in the breeding tract are now found to be non-descript with 72.6% in Amritsar,
68.7% in Gurudaspur and 36.1% in Ferozepur districts.

5. Buffaloes are major milk producer of the state of Punjab., India. A breed wise livestock census was first
time conducted in Punjab in 2007 and population of different genetic groups of buffaloes is given in table.
Breed / Group Males Females Total % age of total
Murrah 0.93 8.70 9.63 19.25
Nili-Ravi 0.38 3.09 3.47 6.94
Grade (non- 3.31 31.62 34.93 69.98
descript)
Others 0.21 1.78 1.99 3.98
Total 4.83 45.19 50.02 --
A perusal of the table reveals that Murrah is predominant buffalo breed (19.25% of total) in the state, while Nili-Ravi breed
constitute only 6.94 % of the total buffalo population of Punjab. Graded buffaloes constitute 69.98% of buffalo herd of the state. As
per the survey conducted by National Bureau of Animal genetic resources, karnal , most of the Nili-Ravi buffaloes found in Punjab
are graded Nili-Ravi buffaloes and only very few are specimens of true breed. Most of the buffaloes having white marking on feet,
forehead or walled in one or both eyes are considered Nili-Ravi breed but actually are grade Nili-Ravi buffaloes for which no
separate class was envisaged in the livestock census of 2007.
Physical Characteristics Some of the important characteristics is described as follows: -
Body The color is usually black but brown is not
color uncommon.
Horns Horns are small, tightly curled but slightly less
curled as compared to that of Murrah and
circular in cross section.
Marking White markings are found on hind legs, fore
legs and white spots on forehead, muzzle.
Eye They are usually walled eyes.
Tail Tail is thick at the base, gradually tapers
towards the end and extends below hocks with
a white switch.
Body Nili-Ravi buffaloes are large size and have
deep and low set frames.
Head The head is elongated, bulging at top and is
depressed between eyes.

6. Face
Neck Neck is long and thin in females while it is
thick and powerful in the male.
Ear
Limbs
Skin
Udder Udder is well shaped,capacious and extends
well forward upto naval flap.
Teats Teats are long, even squarely placed.
Service Period(days) 138.37 to 280.96 days.
Dry Period (days) 98.20 to 202.26
Calving Interval (months) 443.03 to 579.99 days.
Production Traits
The studies pertained to Military dairy farms and CIRB farm at Nabha. The field surveys done by NBAGR and GADVASU in the Nili-
Ravi belt of Punjab has also been included for estimating the weighted average.
.
Traits Average Range in Different
Reports
Average lactation length 306 262-319
(days)
Average lactation milk yield 1945 1688-2317
(kg)
Average daily milk yield (kg)
Peak milk yield (kg) 9.4 7.2-11.8
Average Fat% 6.9 6.6-7.2
Average SNF%
.
The average lactation yield was 1945 kg in Nili-Ravi buffaloes ranged between 1688 to 2317. Average fat
of Nili-Ravi buffalo milk was 6.9% and was less in comparison to various reports on milk of Murrah
buffaloes.
Murrah

7. Origin & Breeding Tract
Buffaloes, in the northwest region of India have long been selected for high milk production and curled
horns. These were named as „Murrah‟ which means „curled‟. These buffaloes were also named as
„delhi‟ referring to the center of their origin.
Its home tract stretches around the southern parts of Haryana comprising the districts of rohtak, Jind,
Hisar, Jhajhar, Fatehabad, Gurgaon and the Union Territory of Delhi. However, this breed has spread
to almost all parts of the country and is being bred either in pure form or is being used as improver
breed for grading up local buffaloes. In fact, this breed has even found and important place in the
livestock industry of many developing countries like Bulgaria, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, China,

8. Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nepal, former USSR, Myanmar, Vietnam, Brazil and Shri Lanka.
The Soils of the area are mostly light-textured, sandy and loamy. In some parts of the breeding tract
surface soils are light in texture but available nitrogen, and medium to high in phosphorus and
nitrogen.
The breeding tract has relatively hot and dry climate. Maximum temperature goes as high as 45°C
during summer. Minimum temperature may reach near freezing point in winter with frost for a few
days
Biometry
Averages of length, height and heart girth of adult males are 150, 142 and 220 cm, and of females
148,133 and 202cm respectively. Average birth weight of male calves is 31.7 kg and that of female
calves is 30kg. Adult body weight ranges from 450 to 800kg (average 567 kg) in males and from 350 to
700 kg (average 516kg) in females.
Physical Characteristics
Some of the important characteristics is described as follows: -
Body The color is jet black. Rarely white markings on
color face and leg extremities may be there, but are
not preferred
Horns Different from other breeds; short, tight,
turning backward and upward and finally
spirally curving inward. The horns should be
somewhat flattened. As the age advances the
horns get loosened slightly but spiral curves
increase.
Marking Nil
Eye Eyes are Black , active and prominent in
females but slightly shrunken in males and
should not be walled i.e. cornea should not
have whiteness.
Tail Long reaching upto fetlock joint with black or
white (max. 6 inches) switch.
Body Sound built, heavy and wedge shaped.

9. Head Medium
Face Medium
Neck Neck is long and thin in females and thick and
massive in males.
Ear Ears are short, thin and alert.
Limbs Short but strong built.
Skin Soft, smooth with scanty hair as compared to
other buffaloes.
Udder Fully developed, drooping with equally
distributed teats over the udder.
Teats Teats are long, and places uniformly wide apart
but hind teats are longer than fore teats.
Production Traits
Lactation Milk Yield : 1800 kg.
Reproduction Traits
Average age at first calving is 43month and dry period are 6 months in the first lactation and 154.8days
for overall lactations. Service period averages 177.1 days in first parity and 136.3 days in overall
parities.First calving interval varies from 455 to 632 days (averages 488.1days), and overall calving
interval varies from 430 to 604 days (average 452.9 days). Number of service per conception varies from
1.75 to 2.15 9 average (1.93)
Origin & Breeding Tract
The Nagpuri buffalo is a versatile breed of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra State which combine the
milk and drought qualities in a better proportion in adverse climatic conditions. The animals of this breed

10. are very well adapted to the harsh-semi-arid conditions of Vidarbha region and can withstand extreme
climatic conditions as high as 47º C even in respect of milk production and fertility. This breed derives its
name from Nagpur district and is popularly called Varhadi (Berari), Ellicpuri / Achalpuri, particularly in
Akola, Amravati, Buldhana and Yavatmal districts .
The traditional breeding tract of this breed covers an area of 41,105 sq. km. and a considerable part of
the tract is semi-arid and suffers acute water storage. The maximum temperature ranging between 46-
47ºC is not uncommon during the peak summer seasonThe natural breeding tract of the breed is
Ellichpur (Achalpur), Paratwada, Daryapur and Anjangaon-Surji tehsils of Amravati districts .
Typical specimens of Nagpuri buffalo are also found in the vicinity of Arvi tehsil of Wardha district . These
animals in their pure form are found in Degma and Kavdas villages of Hingna tehsil; Kathlabodi and
Rohna villages of Katol tehsil of Nagpur district . Jamwadi, Kalamb, Chaparda, Ghoti and Jamb-bazar
villages in Yavatmal district are the main pockets of this breed. People of Nanda-gawalis and Gosavi
communities are found to own this breed. Occupying isolated hamlets in remote villages, they claim to be
descendants of cow-herd friends of Lord Krishna. Nanda-Gawalis rear only Nagpuri buffaloes .
Source: A. R. Sirothia, D.S. Kale and S.B. Kamble
Population
Maharashtra possesses three recognized indigenous breeds of buffaloes which belong to different
regions of state. These are Nagpuri, Pandharpuri and Marathwadi buffaloes. Many other lesser known
strains like Purnathadi, Tambati, Gawalgan and Shinagali also exist but these have not been defined as

11. breeds yet.
Out of 63.03 lakhs buffalo population (Livestock Census 2007, Govt. of M.S.) in the state, around 25.16
% belong to indigenous breed like Nagpuri (2.11%), Pandharpuri (4.17%) and Marathwadi (2.90%). It
is also observed from the record that a large segment of buffalo population (about 74.84%) in the state
is considered to be non-descript because these animals do not fulfill the phenotypic attributes to any
specific breeds.
Livestock % Change/annum
Livestock
Breed Livestock Census (2003) Census(2007) 1997- 2003- 1997-
Census(1997)
2003 2007 2007
4.22
2.29 1.33 (-) (-) (-)
Nagpuri
(3.76) (2.11) 9.14 8.39 13.69
(6.96)
.
.
Though the overall proportion of buffalo in the state is increasing at the rate of 0.75 per cent per annum
during the last 10 years (1997-2007), yet the proportions of pure breed Nagpuri, Pandharpuri and
Marathwadi buffaloes are declining at the rate of (-)13.69,(-)11.24 and (-)11.38 per cents respectively
per annum. Similar declining trend was also reported by Sirothia et. al. (2004) in the population of
Nagpuri buffalo from Nagpur, Akola, Yavatmal and Amrawati districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra.
Increase in the population of Murrah in Vidarbha region and decrease in the population of Nagpuri
buffalo indicates a shift towards high milk production rather than high fat producing buffaloes in the
native tact of Nagpuri breed. This trend is dangerous for existence of this precious germplasm.
The major factor affecting the purity is the scarcity of pure breed Nagpuri bulls in its breeding tract.
Murrah and Surti semen is generally available for breeding these animals at the A.I. centers of Animal
Husbandry Department, Govt. of Maharashtra. This has resulted in genetic erosion of the Nagpuri
buffalo in terms of purity. Very recently the Maharashtra Livestock Development Board (MLDB) has
purchased 12 good quality Nagpuri bull calves from the resource farmers - Nand-gawali community of
the breeding tract. At present these calves are being maintained at the Bull Rearing Center (BRC),
Telankhedi, Nagpur, Dept of AHDS Govt. of Maharashtra and will be used for semen collection for future
breeding programmes in the native tract of the breed.
Physical Characteristics.
Body Black(82.05%), Bhura/Brown(17.5%) with
color White patches on face, legs and tail.
Horns Long flat, wide and thick backwards in each
side of the neck upto the shoulders resembling
like a pair of swords. Length 54-62cm.
Marking White patches on face, legs and tail.
Tail Short tail with white patches Length 51-55.cm
Body Body Weight (kg) Male:400 and Female: 375.
Head Long,thin& cone shaped face with straight nasal
bone.Depending upon the degree of white
patches on the forehead and nasal portion
these animals are locally called as “Ardh-
Chandri, Chandri, Gal-Bhondi and Kapal-

12. Bhondi”.
Face Face is long and thin,cone shaped with straight
nasal bone.
Neck Long with compact and cylindrical barrel.
Ear Ears are medium in size with pointed tips.
Limbs Limbs are long and light.
Skin
Udder
Teats
Body weight and Growth Rate
The mean values of body weight at birth, 6, 9,12,18,24 months and at first calving reported by various
workers are presented below.
Stag
Age at puberty (months) 45.5month (1360.33)
Age at First Calving (months) 59.5month (1775.72±38.83)
Service Period(days) 4month 115.9±1.08
Dry Period(days) 4month 122.78 ± 7.34
Calving Interval(days) 14.5months 426.44±0.81
Estrous Cycle Length(days)
Estrousn Duration (hrs)
Gestation Length (days)
Production Traits
Sirothia et al. (2004) indicated average lactation yield of 1038.49 ± 39.56 kg in Nagpuri buffaloes reared
under village conditions of Vidarbha.
Traits No. of Animals Mean±S.E Reference
Average lactation length (days) 1914 303.26±16.80 Sirothia et al.(2004)
Average 305 day lactation milk yield (kg) 1914 1038.49±39.56 -Do-
Average daily milk yield (kg) 1914 5.15 ± 0.23 -Do-
Peak milk yield (kg) 1914 7.14 ± 0.25 -Do-
Average Fat% 1914 8.21 ± 0.19 -Do-
Average SNF% - -
Origin & Breeding Tract
The Pandharpuri buffaloes are known to have been reared for more than 150 years in the breeding
tract. The local “Gawli” community reared these buffaloes for milk production. These buffaloes had royal
patronage from Kolhapur for supply of fresh milk to the wrestlers of Kolhapur. The breed is famous for its
better reproductive ability, producing a calf every 12-13 months. Under average management conditions
and hot-dry climate,these buffaloes yield 6-7 litters of milk per day. However under good management
they are reported to yield up to 15 litters of milk in a day.

13. The main breeding tract of Pandharpuri buffalo is Solapur, Sangli and Kolhapur districts of Maharastra
state which is mostly drought prone. The soil of is black, coarse gray and reddish. In Sangli it is black
lateritic, saline, alkaline in low lying patches, while it is black, red-lateritic and black-brown in Kolhapur
districts.
The breeding tract of Pandharpuri buffalo comes under scarcity, plain and sub-mountain agro-climatic
zones. Average minimum and maximum temperature is between 9°C to 42°C in the breeding tract. The
average minimum and maximum humidty is between 43 to 87 percent. The annual rainfall varies
between 345.64mm in Sangli to 1168.96mm in Kolhapur district. The rainfall occurs between middle of
May to end of October with most rainfall occurring during June to September.The fodder crops commonly
grown include Jaw
Physical Characteristics
Some of the important characteristics is described as follows: -
Body Black in 86.51% and brown in 13.14% animals.
color
Horns The horns are very long, running backwards,
upwards and twisted outward and touching
almost backbone.Four types of horn orientation
described which are locally called as Toki
(52.05%), Bharkand (34.24%), Meti (10.81%)
and Ekshing meti(2.09%). In majority of
Pandharpuri buffaloes (49.92%), horn tip
directed upward while in 28.23% buffaloes they
are lateral.
Marking White spots may be found on forehead, muzzle
and pastern regions of body.
Eye
Tail Tail is short, white switch is common and the
colour pattern of the switch of tail comprises
72.92% white and 27.08% black.
Body Medium sized and compact body animal and
hair colour is grey, tan and blakish.
Head Forehead is convex in (92.39%) and
flat in(7.61%) buffaloes.
Face Long and narrow face, prominent nasal bone
and comparatively narrow frontal bone.
Neck Comparatively longer and thin.
Ear Ear orientation is horizontal (60.51%) and
dropping (39.49%) in animals.
Limbs

14. Skin
Udder “Trough udder” is found in 52 to 56% buffaloes
followed by “Bowl udder” in 34 to 36%. The
“Pendulous udder”(5.6 to 7.2%) and “Round
udder”(8 to 10 %) is negligible in this breed.
Teats Most of the Pandharpuri buffaloes have
cylindrical type of teat(47.87%) followed by
funnel(36.93%) and pear shaped
teats(12.40%).
ar, Maize, Bajra, Oat, Lucerne, Berseem etc.
Reproduction Traits
1. Male
Traits Values
Age at puberty (months)
Age at first training(months) 34.28
Age at first ejaculation(months) 37.63
Age at first mating(months) 40.81
.
2. Female
Traits Values
Age at puberty (months) 30.59
Age at First Calving (months) 43.82
Service Period(days) 97.92
Dry Period(days)
Calving Interval(days) 407.05
Estrous Cycle Length(days) 21.82
Estrousn Duration (hrs) 39.67
Gestation Length (days) 310.02
Production Traits
Traits MeanS.E
Average lactation length (days) 255.6014.7
Average lactation milk yield (kg) 1207.7013.4
Average daily milk yield (kg) 4.900.08
Peak milk yield (kg)
Average Fat% 7.800.07
Average SNF% 9.400.5
Ulmek, (2000), Vare, (2001), Mane,(2003) and Khopade, (2009)

15. hysical Characteristics
Some of the important characteristics is described as follows: -
Body Coat colour of Surti buffaloes varies from rusty
color brown to silver grey .
Horns Horns are flat, of medium length, sickle shaped
and are directed downward and backward, and
then turn upward at the tip to form a hook.
Marking White markings is found on forehead, legs and
switch of tail and these
characteristics preferred by farmers.
Eye A white streak of hair is usually seen over the
eyebrows.
Tail The tail is fairly long, thin having white tuft.
Body Surti buffaloes are of medim size, having a
straight back, small dewlap and naval flap.
Head Head is elongated, fairly broad and
rounded(convex) between horns.
Face
Neck Two or three white strips on the neck is very
typical character of the breed.
Ear Ears are drooping with reddish surface and lower
border with whitw hairs.
Limbs
Skin
Udder Udder is well developed, finely shaped and
squarely placed between the hind legs.
Teats Teat are found as cylindrical/funnel/pearl shaped
.