lesson

1. THECHALLENGEOF
GLOBAL DIVISION

2. WORKING
DEFINITIONS
OF RACE,
ETHNICITY, &
NATIONALITY
 Ethnicity, ethnic group
 The word ethnicity derives from the
Greek ethnos, a people. Ethnic identity gives a
sense of peoplehood to an unique human
collectivity.
 In anthropology and in sociology, "ethnic
group" is used to designate a culturally
distinctive, autonomous group, but in the U.S.
the more general application is to identify a
distinct segment of the population also sharing
common cultural features and social
institutions as a group

3. WORKING
DEFINITIONS
OF RACE,
ETHNICITY, &
NATIONALITY
Ethnicity, ethnic group
An ethnic group may overlap with a
political group and it may be thought
racially distinct as happens in relatively
more homogeneous societies.
Nationalist movements have often
appealed to ethnic sentiments and used
evidence of ethnic distinctiveness as a
justification for political claims.

4. WORKING
DEFINITIONS
OF RACE,
ETHNICITY, &
NATIONALITY
Some social scientists argue that
ethnicity is a primordial affinity, part of a
person's basic group identity.
Others infer that ethnic sentiments are
variable and that their intensity and
significance are determined by the social,
economic, and political situation of the
group.

5.  Much of the sociological interest on ethnicity
has derived from the study of processes
associated with immigration and the
persistence of cultural distinctiveness among
immigrant ethnic groups.
 Initially sociologists believed that immigrant
ethnic groups would adopt the culture of the
majority society (cultural assimilation).
 However, recent experiences with "Latinos"
and other new immigrants have challenged
this view.

6. An minority ethnic group is a
collectivity within a larger population
having common ancestry, memories of
a shared past, and a cultural
identification upon one or more
symbolic elements which define the
group's identity, such as kinship,
religion, language, national origin, and
historicity.
Members of an ethnic group are
conscious of belonging to the group

7. Race
 In sociology race is understood as a socio-
culturally defined category of people who
share genetically transmitted physical
characteristics.
 The word came into the English language at
the beginning of the 16th century and from
then until early in the 19th century was used
primarily to refer to common features
present because of shared genetic descent.
 During the past decades the term has been
reshaped and redefined. However, "race"
remains a controversial concept.

8.  Though there are discernible differences in
skin color, head form or type of hair among
members of the human species, no
satisfactory general classification of "races"
exists to which individuals may be assigned
on the basis of these characteristics.
 Scientifically speaking, there's no such thing
as "race".
 There is considerable variation within racial
groups as between them.
 Moreover, the continued sharing of genetic
materials has maintained all of humankind as
a single species.

9. Today, most social scientists may
argue, race is a culturally based social
category that was originally invented
between the 16th and the 18th-century
when European settlers in the new
world sought to differentiate
themselves from the native inhabitants
they found, and the African slaves they
brought over.

10. Sociologically speaking, it may
be preferable to talk about
"ethnicity" or "ethnic origin"
instead of "race" since the later
basically is a descriptive rather
than an explanatory concept.

11. Nation,
nationality
 The roots of a nation are to be found in
ethnic groups and primordial kinship, and a
nation grows by a process of differentiation
and opposition, –but a nation is not simply
an ethnic group–.
 A nation is not simply a cultural
togetherness.
 It is also a political togetherness (polity)
concerned with the structuration and
organization of political arrangements and
the potential creation of its own state.
 A nation exists with other nations,
and because other nations exist

12. A nation is a community of people
sharing a territory whose symbolic
boundaries are rooted on a common
ethnicity and a collective sentiment of
peoplehood.
It is a political togetherness which is
rooted in a distinct collective identity,
language, history, and a national
culture.

13. Conceptual
issues
concerning
Ethnicity and
Race in the
Census
 Membership of an ethnic group is something
which is subjectively meaningful to the
person concerned, and this is the principal
basis for ethnic categorization.
 The Census question -- which is essentially a
self-assessed classificatory one -- reflects
that fact that both members of ethnic
minority groups and of the majority
population perceive differences between
groups in that society and define the
boundaries of such groups, taking into
account physical characteristics such as skin
color.

14. What the Census's question reflects is
the inability to base ethnic (or racial)
identification upon objective,
quantifiable, information as in the case
of age or income, and the necessity to
ask people which group they see
themselves as belonging to.

15. RACEAND
ETHNIC
STANDARDS
FOR FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT
STATISTICS
Definitions:The basic racial and ethnic
categories for Federal statistics and
program administrative reporting are
defined as follows:

16.  1. American Indian or Alaskan Native. A
person having origins in any of the original
people of North America and who maintains
cultural identification through tribal
affiliation or community recognition.
 2. Asian or Pacific Islander. A person having
origins in any of the original people of the Far
East, Southeast Asia, the Indian
subcontinent or the Pacific Islands.This area
includes, for example, China, India, Japan,
Korea, the Philippine Islands and Samoa.

17. 3. Black. A person having origins in any
of the black racial groups of Africa.
4. Hispanic. A person of Mexican,
Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South
American or other Spanish culture or
origin, regardless of race.
5. White, not of Hispanic origin. A
person having origins in any of the
original people of Europe, North Africa,
or the Middle East.