This document discusses the use of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) for in-situ groundwater remediation. NANO IRON produces nZVI nanoparticles for remediating contaminated groundwater through permeable reactive barriers and injection wells. Pilot injections at sites in the Czech Republic and other countries contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons and metals showed successful remediation. Further research aims to develop more stable nZVI formulations and evaluate their use in wastewater treatment and other applications.

1. Utilization of Zero-ValentIron nanoparticles (nZVI) for in-situ groundwater remediation
Ing. Jan Slunský, NANO IRON, s.r.o.
Czech NanoShowcase
October6-10, 2014; USAWestCoast

2. Presentation outline
•Introduction
–Company
–Application (groundwater remediation)
–Product (zero-valentiron nanoparticles)
•Application experience
•NANOREM project
•Conclusions
2
www.nanoiron.cz

3. NANO IRON
company profile
• NANO IRON, s.r.o. established in 2008
• Zero-Valent Iron nanoparticles (nZVI)
industrial production in large quantities
• Worldwide distribution
• Technical support
• Technology development
• Scientific research
www.nanoiron.cz 3
University
Remediation Production
Laboratory dispersing unit

4. GroundwaterRemediation
PermeableBarrier(PRB)
In-situgroundwaterremediation
Pump-and-treat
4
www.nanoiron.cz
In-SituChemicalReduction(http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment- book/groundwaterremediation.html)

5. Zero-ValentIron
•Zero-ValentIron, ZVI, Fe(0), elemental iron
•Environmentally friendly
–ZVI reduction properties are used in groundwater remediation: PRB –microFe–nanoFe
•Particle size
–Migration properties
–Easy injection = in-situ application directly into the well
–Surface area = reactivity and removal efficiency of contaminants
5
www.nanoiron.cz

6. Product characteristics
•Average particle size: 50nm
•Narrow particle size distribution: 20-100nm
•Average surface area: 20-25m2/g
BET adsorption-desorption isotherms
XRD pattern
Mössbauerspectrum 6
www.nanoiron.cz

7. nZVIAPPLICATIONmatter of time
15-60 days
1 day
SLURRY MANUFACTURING
SHIPPING
STORAGE
DILUTION
INJECTION
Conventional delivery and application process of nZVI
7
www.nanoiron.cz
SLURRY MANUFACTURING
POWDER SHIPPING
STORAGE
DILUTION
INJECTION
Innovative application process of nZVI

8. nZVIREMEDIATION EXAMPLE
www.nanoiron.cz

9. KARA TRUTNOV
• Fur processing site
• Contamination: Chlorinated ethenes (PCE, TCE, DCE, VC) and
chromium (Cr6+)
• Previous treatment: pump&treat, venting, vapor deposition,
ISCO
www.nanoiron.cz 9

10. KARA TRUTNOV
laboratory study
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
c [μg/L]
time [days]
ME-24: PCE
SOIL + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + LACTATE + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + 1 g/L nZVI
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
c [mg/L]
time [days]
ME-24: Cr6+
SOIL + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + LACTATE + 0 g/L nZVI SOIL + 1 g/L nZVI
www.nanoiron.cz 10

11. KARA TRUTNOV
pilot injection
NANOFER 25S
• 200kg
• 2 injection wells
Chemical composition of ground water - well ME-24
parameter unit September 8th September 20th October 22nd October 31st
pH - 6,94 8,58 7,98 7,87
Total chromium (Cr tot.) mg/L 42,5 <0,001 0,874 <0,001
Hexavalent chromium
(Cr6+)
mg/L 42,2 <0,005 0,873 <0,005
Vinylchloride (VC) μg/L 278 70,4 <4 <4
trans-1,2-Dichlorethene
(t-DCE)
μg/L 14,1 1,9 <1 <1
1,1-Dichlorethene (DCE) μg/L 4,4 <1 <1 <1
cis-1,2-Dichlorethene
(c-DCE)
μg/L 2340 1060 3,1 18,9
Trichlorethene (TCE) μg/L 642 92,4 1,64 <0,50
Tetrachlorethene (PCE) μg/L 903 62,6 3,77 <0,50
sum of CHC including VC μg/L 4182 1287 8,5 18,9
www.nanoiron.cz 11
injection

12. OTHER SITES and STUDIES
•Pilot injection (CHC) in CZ, SK, FR, NL, B, DK, USA
•Pilot injection (metals) in Portugal
•Pilot injection (pesticides) in CZ
•Fullscaleremediation in CZ
•Laboratory study (TNT) in Portugal
•Mine tailings remediation (CAN, CZ)
•Wastewater treatment (selenium, arsenic, chromium, …)
•More than 20 tons of NANOFER 25S applied on various sites around Europe.
•Others: 350 free-samples of NANOFER products shipped wordwidein past years, 75 to USA and Canada, mainly to universities, research institutes and remediation companies.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2,4-Dinitrotoluen
2,6-Dinitrotoluen
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluen
[ug/l]
blank
0,125 g/L
1 g/L
12
www.nanoiron.cz

13. 13

14. NANOREM (EU FP7 Project)
14
www.nanoiron.cz
Nanotechnology solutions for in-situsoil and groundwater remediationNMP.2012.1.2-1
Project No: 309517

15. CONCLUSION
CHALLENGES in R&D
•Product development
–Air stable nZVI
–nZVIbased nanocomposites(Fe3C-C having 80m2/g)
–Combined methods (lactates, vegetable oil, …)
–Ferrates (oxidation technology)
15
www.nanoiron.cz
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
•Groundwater remediation contractors and consultants
–Implementation of nZVItechnology
•New segments in future (wastewater treatment)

16. Acknowledgement
Palacký University Olomouc – Prof. Radek Zbořil at al.
EKORA – Mgr. Ondřej Stískal at al.
www.nanoiron.cz 16
LAC, Ltd. – production of industrial technologies.
Technical background for technology development.
Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the
Restoration of a Clean Environment. This project has received funding from the European Union Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 309517

17. Thank you for your attention
Contact:
Ing. Jan Slunský
slunsky@nanoiron.cz
www.nanoiron.cz
2011
2009
2013