The document provides an overview of Romanesque architecture between the 11th and 13th centuries in Europe. Some key aspects summarized are: - Romanesque architecture included churches, monasteries, and cathedrals built primarily from stone with thick walls and small windows to last for centuries. - Common features included round arches, barrel or rib vaults, columns with carved capitals, and bell towers. Floor plans were typically basilican or Latin crosses. - Sculpture played a supporting role and was used mainly on portals to convey religious and educational messages for illiterate populations.

1. ROMANESQUEROMANESQUE

2. ROMANESQUE
•XI y XIII Centuries
•Almost all around Europe
•Feudalism

3. SANT JAMES’ WAY

4. A RELIGIOUS ART

5. ARCHITECTURE
•Churches, monasteries, cathedrals.
•Painting and sculpture played a
supporting role.

6. ROMANESQUE CHURCHES
MADE TO LAST
FOREVER
• STONE
• STONE is heavy…
• Thick walls

7. WALLS
• Thick WALLS
• ASHLARS it looks SOLID
• SMALL windows

8. WALLS

9. ROUND ARCH
SHAFT
CAPITAL
COLUMNS

10. ROMANESQUE FLOOR PLAN
The oldest examples: BASILICAL

11. ROMANESQUE FLOOR PLAN
The most typical: LATIN CROSS

12. PARTS LATIN CROSS

13. ROMANESQUE PORTAL
• Educational purpose
• Sculpture is placed mainly here

14. SPLAY
ORDER
TYMPANUM
LINTEL
PIER
ROMANESQUE PORTAL

15. ROMANESQUE PORTAL
Melide, Galicia

16. ROMANESQUE PORTAL

17. THE ROOF
• In the beggining wooden roofs

18. BARREL VAULT: made out of STONE HEAVY THICK WALLS and
BUTTRESES
THE ROOF

19. BARREL VAULT

21. BUTTRESSES

23. Is placed in the lateral naves
RIB VAULT

24.  PILLARS between NAVES

25. COLUMNS
Capitals: Important place for sculpture
Shafts: are smooth without sculpture*

26. DOMES and CIMBORIOS: over the
crossing to allow light into the
church

27. BELL TOWER: one or two, sometimes with defensive purposes

28. CLOISTERS:
in monateries and big churches

29. PREDOMINANCE OF WALLS, FEW WINDOWS

30. DARK INTERIORS

31. HORIZONTALISM

32. USE OF ROUNDED ARCH
• IN VAULTS
• ARCHES
• PORTALS
• WINDOWS
• CLOISTERS
• AS ORNAMENTS

33. The Mudéjar
• Mudajjan ‫,مدجن‬ meaning "domesticated", in a reference
to the Muslims who submitted to the rule of the
Christian kings
• In erecting Romanesque buildings (Gothic
and Renaissance too), builders used elements of
Islamic art
• Use of BRICKS in a geometrical character
• Only in Spain

34. The Mudéjar
• Use of BRICKS instead
of stone
• Typical from Aragon,
where stone was not
very common
• Same floor plans and
structure

35. The Mudéjar

36. The Mudéjar

37. ROMANESQUE
SCULPTURE

38. EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES
•The Church explains the Message through the images.

39. •People couldn’t read so
images were the only way to
learn

40. •There is also of course a decorative purpose

43. … schematic …

44. … flat, basic in design …

45. … no perspective, unreal …

46. … the important thing here was the message …
… not always religious …

47. Sometimes a shocking message...

48. CAUTION
MEDIEVAL PORN

49. Some canecillos …

50. canecillos

56. … people used to see this …

57. … in their small town church …

58. … try to imagine seeing something like this …

59. • It’s the masterpiece of Romanesque sculpture
• Was the medieval entrance to Santiago’s Cathedral
• Based on the Apocalypse of Saint John
• Represents the City of God, the Glory
Pórtico of Glory

60. Was built in the XIIth century by Master Mateo