Photography ppt. in Humanities

1. Prepared by;
Orquia, Dion B.
Narvaez, Engel A.
Santos, Mark Lewis A.
Toribio, Glene S.
Addad, Alkhalid W.

2. What is Photography?
• Photography is the art and science of capturing the image of a certain event in time by
means of the action of light.
• The process is done through mechanical, chemical, or digital devices known as cameras.
• Photography is derived from Greek words photos which means “light” and graphein
which means “to draw”

3. A digital camera contains hundreds of parts
but it is important to understand the most
essential parts of the camera that you will have
to deal with as you explore its features.

4. Basic Parts of a Camera

5. Body – made up of high grade plastic or metal. It holds all the other parts
together and provides protection to the delicate internal parts of a camera.
Lens assembly – consists of several layers of lenses of varying properties
which allows for zoom, the ability of a camera to magnify or demagnify an
image to a certain range.
• The lenses also permit focusing and correcting distortion.
Focusing – is a process at which the camera lenses are moved until the
subject becomes clear and very sharp.
Mode dial – this part contains several symbols which allow you to select a
shooting mode, automatic or manual, or a choice between one of the
predefined settings.

6. Mode dial
Flash mount
Shutter release
button
Flash
Body
Lens
assembly
Aperture
ring
Focusing
ring

7. Flash mount (hot-shoe) – this is the standard holder with contact plates for
optional flash accessory.
Shutter release button – this is the “trigger” or the camera which initiates the
image capturing process.
Flash – this part is usually built-in on the body of the camera. It provides an
instantaneous burst of bright light to illuminate a poorly lit scene.
Aperture ring – this part is found around the old manual lens of SLR camera which
functions as a way to select an aperture opening.
Focusing ring – this also found around the lens of DSLR camera. This is turned
manually to focus the lens.

8. Mode dial
Flash mount
Shutter release
button
Flash
Body
Lens
assembly
Aperture
ring
Focusing
ring

9. APERTURE
An aperture of the camera is a hole or an opening
through which light is admitted.

10. Viewfinder – this is a small viewing window that shows the image that
the camera’s imaging sensor sees.
LCD display – this is the small screen at the back of the camera used for
framing or for reviewing recorded images.
Control buttons – this comprises a set of directional keys and a few
other buttons to activate certain functions and menus. This is used to
let the users interact with the camera’s computer system.
Zoom control – this is usually marked with W (wide) and T (tele). This
part allows the user to control the camera’s lenses to zoom-out. For
DSLR cameras, the zoom is usually controlled by a zoom ring in the
lens.

11. Viewfinder
LCD display
Control
buttons
Zoom
control

12. Power switch – this part turns on or off the camera. This may also
contain a record/play mode selector on some cameras.

13. Battery compartment – this part holds the batteries. The size and
shape of battery compartment differ in every camera model.
Memory card slot – this is where expansion memory cards are
inserted. The proper position of the card is often indicated. A
mechanical catch usually holds the card in place and a spring helps it
eject.
Tripod mount – this part allows the user to attach or monopod for
added stability.

14. Battery
compartment
Memory
card slot
Tripod
mount

15. Diopter
adjuster
Diopter adjuster – this part is usually available in mid to high end sub-
compact cameras and DSLRs. This is located beside the viewfinder. This
varies the focal length of the lens in the viewfinder in order for people
wearing eyeglasses see clearly through it even without the eyeglasses.

16. Elements of a Good Photograph by Jan DeVille
Composition
Composing a good photograph can be accomplished by
clearing your mind and viewing the image as a whole.
• Focus on the entire scene as opposed to the main
subject
• Taking moment to breathe, pause and evaluate the
details in the photograph

17. Rule of Thirds
• It is one of the first things taught in any photography
program.
• To employ the rule of thirds in your photography, mentally
divide up your frame into three distinct vertical sections and
three distinct horizontal sections. Then when composing
your photograph, keep the action and important figures
confined to where those sections overlap.
Example:
Lake landscape – the sky in the upper third, the tree in
the middle third and the water in the lower third.
• The Rule of Thirds divides up the landscape and framing the
road leads the eye to the mountains.

18. Framing
Framing is used to draw your viewer’s eye to the subject
of the photograph. It can also be used to take natural
elements to frame your subject.
• Be careful not to let the frame overpower the photograph or
detract from your subject.

19. Lighting
• Lighting can make or break a photograph.
• The sun can be your best friend when shooting
outdoors.
• Indoors, things become a bit trickier
• Using natural light is preferable

20. Exposure
• Proper exposure is vital for creating a good photograph
• Overexposure photos have their white areas blown out, which washes out the
picture
• Underexposure photographs can be very dark
• Most modern cameras have a built-in exposure meter, and even point-and-
shoot cameras will usually set your exposure automatically once you focused
on your subject.
Example:
Silhouette photograph – a picture of something showing it as a dark shape on a
light background.
• You may have to expose for the sunlight behind your subject as opposed to
any light on the subject itself, and then lock in your exposure before setting
your focus.

21. Over Exposed

22. Correct Exposure

23. Under Exposure

24. Storytelling
Andrew Hudsun say, “A photograph is a message”. It conveys a
statement, an impression, or an emotion.
Arlene Miles added that good photographs convey a mood or
sense of a moment in time.
Bob Krist calls it “the spirit of place”. You are an artist that can
use subtle tricks to appeal to your viewer’s senses.

25. Graphic Interest
Stanley Leary expresses that our photos need to be
technically correct, that’s understood, just a musician is
expected to at least play the right notes.
• If the photo doesn’t draw the viewer in and move them in
some way, it’s like listening to a machine perform Chopin.
• What we choose to include or exclude makes up the
graphical elements that can catch the viewer’s attention.

26. Basic Camera Shots
1. Close-up shot - This shot concentrates on either the face or a
specific detail of an object.

27. 2. Extreme close-up shot – This is much tighter close-up shot in which
you get detail greater than the human eye would experience in reality.
• An extreme close-up of a face
• Show only the mouth or eyes with no background detail
• Very artificial shot, and can be used for dramatic effect

28. 3. Eye-level shot – The camera is positioned on a level with the focus. This
is considered a fairly neutral shot.

29. 4. Bird’s eye view – this shows a scene from directly overhead, a very
unnatural and strange shot.
• Familiar objects viewed from this shot might seem totally unrecognizable at
first (e.g., umbrella in a crowd, dancer’s legs).
• Looking down on the action

30. 5. High angle shot – the camera is elevated above the action or setting to
give a general overview.

31. 6. Low angle shot – this shot increases height and gives a sense of
speeded motion. Common backgrounds of a low angle shot are sky,
ceiling, among others.

32. 7. Oblique or canted shot – the camera is tilted to suggest imbalance,
transition, and instability. “Free play” of shots.

33. Basic Photography Rules
1. Get a steady hand on the camera. Avoid shaking your
camera so that pictures may not come out blurred. If
you really can’t avoid these, it would better to use a
tripod or inserting your elbows to your sides so that
you get a stable grip.

34. 2. Choose a pleasing backdrop, preferably something that
suits the atmosphere you want to create.
For more serious photographs, a subtle backdrop that is
not too distracting is best.

35. 3. Avoid direct sunlight when shooting outdoors. If using the
sun as a source of natural light, make sure it is behind the
photographer.
In addition, when shooting outdoors during bright,
sunny days, it would be best to use a flash. This would get rid
of the shadows that sometimes appear on the faces of
subjects on photographs.

36. 4. Remember that when taking outdoor photographs you have
to make sure you pay attention to what’s happening around
you. This will not allow strangers to mysteriously appear in
group shots.

37. 5. For portraits it is important to have a fitting backdrop.
Using a tripod,
• It helps to keep the shot from being blurred.
• It also helps to keep the photograph straight.
In addition, a nervous subject will never give you the
smile you need to capture. Pay attention on their mannerisms
and find the best way to put each individual at ease.

38. 6. When taking group photos make sure that everyone gets
included in the picture. Some directing on the photographer’s
part might be necessary. There is nothing wrong with giving
out.
• Instruct people to smile, ask them to fix their hair if it’s
unruly, etc.
• Position everyone so that they fit into the picture. The
tallest persons should be in the back row, so nobody gets
accidentally blocked from the shot.

39. 7. When taking outdoor shots, photographers should
avoid going head to head with the sun. This makes the
people picture appear as if they are enshrouded in
shadows.

40. 8. Take candid shots! This is a more exciting alternative to dull,
boring, posed shots.
During parties try to take pictures of friends and family
while they are at ease and just having a great time.
Spontaneous shots are wonderful! They are a good break from
the stiff, posed, smiles that people brandish at you once you
point a camera at them.

41. Holding a camera?