The passive 2012

CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10
Passive VoicePassive Voice
Mr. Hani M. Al-TahrawiMr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi
Eng-112Eng-112
Pre-DentalPre-Dental (Batch 2)(Batch 2)
Pre-PharmaPre-Pharma (Batch 2)(Batch 2)
March, 2012March, 2012

BaseBase
VerbVerb
PresenPresen
tt
SimpleSimple
PastPast
SimpleSimple
Past ParticiplePast Participle
V3V3
Pres. ParticiplePres. Participle
V4V4
ing forming form
bebe
amam
isis
areare
waswas
werewere
hashas
beenbeen
amam
beingbeing
isis
havehave
areare
hadhad waswas
werewere
writewrite
writewrite
writeswrites
wrotewrote
hashas
writtenwritten
amam
writingwriting
isis
havehave
areare
hadhad
waswas
werewere
stealsteal
stealsteal
stealssteals stolestole
hashas
stolenstolen
amam
stealingstealing
isis
havehave
areare
hadhad waswas
werewere
FutureFuture
willwill bebe
amam
going togoing to bebeisis
areare
willwill writewrite
amam
going togoing to writewriteisis
areare
willwill stealsteal
amam
going togoing to
stealsteal
isis
areare

SubjectSubject ObjectObjectVerbVerb
V3be (by subject)

An Active SentenceAn Active Sentence
SubjectSubject ObjectObjectVerbVerb
A Passive SentenceA Passive Sentence
((byby SubjectSubject))ObjectObject V3V3bebe
Turki wrote a letter.
by Turki.A letter was written

When we changed the sentence:When we changed the sentence:
We used ‘was’ as one of the forms of verb ‘ be ’.
WHY?
into:

We used ‘was’ as one of the forms of verb ‘ be ’
, and it is the simple past tense.
That’s because…..
The main verb in the active sentence was
in the simple past tense.

BUT which form of verb to be
should I use?????????
BaseBase
FormForm
(Bare(Bare
infinitive)infinitive)
PresentPresent
SimpleSimple
PastPast
SimpleSimple
V2V2
P.P.P.P.
V3V3
Pres. P.Pres. P.
V4V4
ing-forming-form
bebe
amam
isis
areare
waswas
werewere
hashas
havehave
beenbeen
amam
beingbeing
isis
areare
hadhad waswas
werewere

To use one of the forms of verb to be,
we have to meet two conditions:
be
The same
tense of the
main verb
What agrees
with the new
subject
( object)

be
The same
tense of the
main verb

Tenses Taught in Semester 1:
Present Simple Present Progressive Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive
Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Future Simple

Can you recognize the tense in these sentences?
They give us new books at the beginning of every year.
They have been publishing these books for ten years.
They are discussing the new rules at the highest level.
The police caught the thieves last night.
The earthquake has destroyed hundreds of houses.
Have they cleaned the room yet?
They will interview the potential candidate next week.
They didn't see Mona this morning.

They give us new books at the beginning of every year. Present Simple
They have been publishing these books for ten years.
Present Perfect
Progressive
They are discussing the new rules at the highest level. Present Progressive
The police caught the thieves last night. Simple Past
The earthquake has destroyed hundreds of houses. Present Perfect
Have they cleaned the room yet? Present Perfect
They will interview the potential candidate next week. Future Simple
They didn't see Mona this morning. Simple Past Negative

While the mechanic was fixing my car at the workshop
yesterday, someone broke the windscreen.
The instructor had notified the students of the new
procedures before he asked them to write their rough drafts.

While the mechanic was fixing my car at the workshop
yesterday, someone broke the windscreen.
The instructor had notified the students of the new
procedures before he asked them to write their rough drafts.
Past progressive
Simple Past
Past Perfect
Simple Past

Now can you give the equivalent passive of each tense?
give /gives Present Simple
have been publishing Present Perfect Progressive
are discussing Present Progressive
caught Simple Past
has destroyed Present Perfect
Have ……. cleaned …….? Present Perfect
will interview Future Simple
didn't see Simple Past Negative
(am/is/are) given
(has/ have) been being
published
(am/is/are) being discussed
(was/were) caught
(has/have) been destroyed
Have/Has ……. been cleaned ….?
will be interviewed
(wasn’t/weren’t) seen

Now can you give the equivalent passive of each tense?
was fixing
broke
had notified
asked
Past progressive
Simple Past
Past Perfect
Simple Past
(was/were) being fixed
(was/were) broken
had been notified
(was/were) asked

The Simple Present
Active Passive
They write / don’t write the science column.
He writes / doesn’t write the science columns.
Do they write the science column?
Does he write the science columns?
What do the Dental students write?
What does the Pharma student write?
The science column is/ isn’t written by them.
The science columns are/ aren’t written by him.
Is the science column written by them?
Are the science columns written by him?
What is written by the Dental students?
What is written by the Pharma student?

The Present Progressive
Active Passive
He is fixing the stove.
They aren’t using the main meeting room.
Is the worker painting his condominium?
Are they finalizing their biology project?
Where is he taking the guests?
What are they doing about the new complaints?
The stove is being fixed.
The main meeting room is not being used.
Is his condominium being painted?
Is their biology project being finalized?
Where are the guests being taken?
What is being done about the new complaints?

The Present Perfect
Active Passive
He has broken / hasn’t broken the window.
They have seen / have never seen a UFO in
this country before.
Has he (ever) broken the window?
Have they (ever) seen a UFO in this
country before?
What has he broken?
What have they seen in this country before?
The window has/hasn’t been broken (by him).
A UFO [has /has never] been seen in this
country before.
Has the window (ever) been broken (by him)?
Has a UFO (ever) been seen in this country
before?
What has been broken?
What has been seen in this country before?

The Present Perfect Progressive
Active
Passive
(Rarely used and considered awkward
with this tense)
They have been teaching anatomy
and other medical courses in this
college since 2007.
Have those kids been torturing
that kitten?
What have they been teaching in
this college since 2007?
Anatomy and other medical courses
have been being taught in this college
since 2007.
Has that kitten been being tortured
by those kids?
What has been being taught in this
college since 2007?

The Simple Past
Active Passive
Jane Austen wrote ‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ in 1811.
No one knew his real name.
The police didn’t find their hiding place.
Did they arrange her birthday party?
Where did they send him?
‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ was written by
Jane Austen in 1811.
His real name wasn’t known.
Their hiding place wasn’t found.
Was her birthday party arranged?
Where was he sent ?

The Past Progressive
Active Passive
He was cleaning the attic when he found his
old jacket.
While they were counting the votes, his
campaign manager announced his
withdrawal.
Were they interviewing him when someone
broke into his apartment?
The attic was being cleaned when his old jacket
was found.
While the votes were being counted, his
withdrawal was announced by his campaign
manager.
Was he being interviewed when his apartment
was broken into?
Where was it being sent?Where were they sending it?

The Past Perfect
Active Passive
They broke the window after they had hit it
with a stone.
Had they completed the housework before
they called their friends?
Why had they sent him to Malaysia earlier?
The window was broken after it had been hit
with a stone.
Had the housework been completed before
their friends were called?
Why had he been sent to Malaysia earlier?

The Future Simple and other Modal Auxiliary Structures
Active Passive
They will send some warning letters soon.
Ahmad is going to write the art column.
They must obey the rules.
Will they send the warning letters soon?
Is Ahmad going to write the art column?
Do they have to obey the rules?
Can you deliver this envelope tonight?
When will they send the warning letters?
What will the Dental students write?
Some warning letters will be sent soon.
The art column is going to be written by Ahmad.
The rules must be obeyed.
Will the warning letters be sent soon?
Is the art column going to be written by Ahmad?
Do the rules have to be obeyed?
Can this envelope be delivered tonight?
When will the warning letters be sent?
What will be written by the Dental students?

Al
i
takes the pills.
by Ali.The pills takenare

People speak English in many countries.
English is spoken in many countries.

Someone robbed the bank yesterday.
The bank was robbed yesterday.

Our teacher will collect the projects tomorrow.
The projects will be collected tomorrow.

The tailor has made this suit for me.
This suit has been made for me.

Builders had made this house using mud.
This house had been made using mud .

Jill paints the fence once a year.
The fence is painted once a year.

Sue bought a silk dress for her sister’s wedding.
A silk dress was bought by Sue.

The police arrested them yesterday.
They were arrested yesterday.

John and Paul have taken a lot of pictures
since they arrived on the island.
A lot of pictures have been taken
by John and Paul since they arrived
on the island.

We asked her to help with the housework.
She was asked to help with the housework.

( They produce cars in this factory. )
1. Cars are produced in this factory.
Scientific Process: Manufacturing Cars

( Mechanics have already checked
the cars in the blue area. )
2. The cars have already been
checked in the blue area.

( Electricians will install air-conditioning
in the cars in the red area. )
3. Air-conditioning will be installed in the cars
in the red area.

Passive Questions: (Simple
Present)
Does
Do
Subjec
t
verb Object ?
Am
Is
Are
Object Verb 3 (by Subject) ?

Passive Questions: (Simple Past)
Did Subjec
t
verb Object ?
Was
Were

Passive Questions: (Present
Perfect)
Has
Have
Subjec
t
V3 object ?
object V3 (by subject) ?
Has
Have
been

Passive Questions: (Past Perfect)
Had Subjec
t
Verb 3 Object ?
Object V3 (by Subject) ?Had been

Passive Questions: (Simple Future: will + stem verb)
Will Subjec
t
verb Object ?
Will Object Verb 3 (by Subject) ?be

Passive Questions: (Simple Future: be going to + stem verb)
Am
Is
Are
Subjec
t
verb Object ?
Am
Is
Are
going to
going to be

Change the following into Passive.Change the following into Passive.
1. Did they tell her the story?1. Did they tell her the story?
2. What must we do about this?2. What must we do about this?
3. What questions did they ask?3. What questions did they ask?
4. Has anyone changed the curtains yet?4. Has anyone changed the curtains yet?
5. Where did they park the car?5. Where did they park the car?
6. Will anyone tell him about the accident?6. Will anyone tell him about the accident?
7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet?7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet?
8. Who is cleaning my room?8. Who is cleaning my room?
First try to do these transformations yourself.First try to do these transformations yourself.
The answers are on the following slides.The answers are on the following slides.

DidDid theythey telltell her the story?her the story?
WasWas sheshe toldtold the story?the story?

WhatWhat mustmust wewe dodo about this?about this?
WhatWhat mustmust bebe donedone about this?about this?

What questionsWhat questions diddid theythey askask??
What questionsWhat questions werewere askedasked??

HasHas anyoneanyone changedchanged thethe
curtains yet?curtains yet?
HaveHave the curtainsthe curtains beenbeen changedchanged yet?yet?

WhereWhere diddid theythey parkpark the car?the car?
WhereWhere waswas the carthe car parkedparked??

WillWill anyoneanyone telltell him about the accident?him about the accident?
WillWill hehe bebe toldtold about the accident?about the accident?

HasHas anyoneanyone dusteddusted that blackboard yet?that blackboard yet?
HasHas that blackboardthat blackboard beenbeen dusteddusted yet?yet?

WhoWho isis cleaningcleaning my room?my room?
WhoWho isis my roommy room beingbeing cleanedcleaned by?by?
OROR
WhomWhom isis my roommy room beingbeing cleanedcleaned by?by?

SomeoneSomeone wrotewrote this letter.this letter.
( Change into a( Change into a passive questionpassive question asking about the underlined. )asking about the underlined. )
Step 1: Form an Active Question.Step 1: Form an Active Question.
WhoWho wrotewrote this letter?this letter?
Step 2: Change the Active Question into a Passive Question.Step 2: Change the Active Question into a Passive Question.
WhoWho waswas this letterthis letter writtenwritten by?by?

ResearchersResearchers estimateestimate thatthat 8 million people8 million people
in the United States are suffering from anin the United States are suffering from an
Eating Disorder.Eating Disorder.
It is estimated thatIt is estimated that 8 million people in the8 million people in the
United States are suffering from anUnited States are suffering from an
Eating Disorder.Eating Disorder.

Correct the following verbs. (ACTIVE or PASSIVE )Correct the following verbs. (ACTIVE or PASSIVE )
1.1. The window pane (break) _________________.The window pane (break) _________________.
2.2. Someone (cook) ___________________ a meal in the kitchen right now.Someone (cook) ___________________ a meal in the kitchen right now.
3.3. We (ask)___________________ several questions by the police tonight.We (ask)___________________ several questions by the police tonight.
4.4. My cat (run over) ________________ by the milk van.My cat (run over) ________________ by the milk van.
5.5. This homework (must do) ___________________ tonight.This homework (must do) ___________________ tonight.
6.6. Poems ( write) ________________________________ in every culture .Poems ( write) ________________________________ in every culture .
7.7. People all over the world (know) ___________________ her name.People all over the world (know) ___________________ her name.
8.8. The truck (loot)_____________________________________ when the police arrived.The truck (loot)_____________________________________ when the police arrived.
9.9. The guests (serve) ________________ some tea after they had a seat.The guests (serve) ________________ some tea after they had a seat.
10.10. The students (do) ____________ these exercises before.The students (do) ____________ these exercises before.
is broken/ was broken
is cooking
were asked / will be asked
was run over
must be done
are written / were written/ have been written
Know/ knew
was being looted/ had already been looted
were served
have done

A. Correct the verb in parentheses.A. Correct the verb in parentheses.
B. Then change the sentence into theB. Then change the sentence into the
PASSIVE.PASSIVE.
1. Those boys (rear) _____________ these kittens for a long time.1. Those boys (rear) _____________ these kittens for a long time.
2.2. The dog (might, eat) ____________________ your meal.The dog (might, eat) ____________________ your meal.
3.3. The patient (ought to, take) ________________ these pills every day.The patient (ought to, take) ________________ these pills every day.
4.4. A freshman (have to, practice) _____________ English regularly.A freshman (have to, practice) _____________ English regularly.
5.5. Whenever the wind blows, it (slam) ________________ the door.Whenever the wind blows, it (slam) ________________ the door.
6.6. Someone (have to, test)____________________ you on your English grammar.Someone (have to, test)____________________ you on your English grammar.
have been rearing
Passive: These kittens have been being reared for a long time.
might eat / might have eaten
Passive: Your meal might be eaten /might have been eaten by the dog.
ought to take
Passive: These pills ought to be taken by the patient every day.
has to practice
Passive: English has to be practiced regularly.
slams
Passive: The door is slammed whenever the wind blows.
has to test / had to test
Passive: You have to be tested/ had to be tested on your English grammar.

Choose the correct answer
1. Hazel1. Hazel wonwon the lottery.the lottery.
A. The lotteryA. The lottery had been wonhad been won by Hazel.    by Hazel.
B. The lotteryB. The lottery was wonwas won by Hazel.    by Hazel.
C. The lotteryC. The lottery is wonis won by Hazel.by Hazel.

2. The police2. The police interrogatedinterrogated Bryan.Bryan.
A. BryanA. Bryan is interrogatedis interrogated by the police.    by the police.
B. BryanB. Bryan was interrogatedwas interrogated by the police.    by the police.
C. BryanC. Bryan had been interrogatedhad been interrogated by the police.by the police.

2. The police2. The police interrogatedinterrogated Bryan.Bryan.
A. BryanA. Bryan is interrogatedis interrogated by the police.    by the police.
B. BryanB. Bryan was interrogatedwas interrogated by the police.by the police.
C. BryanC. Bryan had been interrogatedhad been interrogated by the police.by the police.

3. Abu Malek3. Abu Malek has paid forhas paid for the pizza.the pizza.

A. The pizzaA. The pizza was paid forwas paid for by Abu Malek.    by Abu Malek.
B. The pizzaB. The pizza has been paid forhas been paid for by Abu Malek.  by Abu Malek.
C. The pizzaC. The pizza is paid foris paid for by Abu Malek.by Abu Malek.

4. Joy4. Joy will meetwill meet you at the airport.you at the airport.

A. YouA. You will have metwill have met Joy at the airport.Joy at the airport.
B. YouB. You would be metwould be met by Joy at the airport.    by Joy at the airport.
C. YouC. You will be metwill be met by Joy at the airport.    by Joy at the airport.

4. Joy4. Joy will meetwill meet you at the airport.you at the airport.

A. YouA. You will have metwill have met Joy at the airport.   Joy at the airport.
B. YouB. You would be metwould be met by Joy at the airport.    by Joy at the airport.
C. YouC. You will be metwill be met by Joy at the airport.by Joy at the airport.

5. People highly5. People highly respectrespect Berna´s opinionBerna´s opinion


A. Berna´s opinionA. Berna´s opinion will bewill be highlyhighly respectedrespected.    .
B. Berna´s opinionB. Berna´s opinion waswas highlyhighly respectedrespected.   .
C. Berna´s opinionC. Berna´s opinion isis highlyhighly respectedrespected..

6. Amanda6. Amanda upsetupset me by what she said.me by what she said.

A. IA. I am upsetam upset by what Amanda said.by what Amanda said.
B. IB. I was upsetwas upset by what Amanda said.by what Amanda said.
C. IC. I would be upsetwould be upset by what Amanda said. by what Amanda said.

7. Charms7. Charms is going to informis going to inform Brian later.Brian later.


A. BrianA. Brian would be informedwould be informed by Charms later.    by Charms later.
B. BrianB. Brian is going to be informedis going to be informed by Charms later.   by Charms later.
C. BrianC. Brian was going to be informedwas going to be informed by Charms later.by Charms later.

7. Charms7. Charms is going to informis going to inform Brian later.Brian later.


A. BrianA. Brian would be informedwould be informed by Charms later.    by Charms later.
B. BrianB. Brian is going to be informedis going to be informed by Charms later.by Charms later.
C. BrianC. Brian was going to be informedwas going to be informed by Charms later.by Charms later.

8. The police8. The police arrestedarrested 10 rioters last10 rioters last
nightnight..

A. Ten riotersA. Ten rioters were going to be arrestedwere going to be arrested last night.    last night.
B. Ten riotersB. Ten rioters were arrestedwere arrested last night.    last night.
C. Ten riotersC. Ten rioters should have been arrestedshould have been arrested last night.last night.

8. The police8. The police arrestedarrested 10 rioters last10 rioters last
nightnight..

A. Ten riotersA. Ten rioters were going to be arrestedwere going to be arrested last night.    last night.
B. Ten riotersB. Ten rioters were arrestedwere arrested last night.last night.
C. Ten riotersC. Ten rioters should have been arrestedshould have been arrested last night.last night.

9. The Dean9. The Dean may visitmay visit us next week.us next week.

A. WeA. We may be visitedmay be visited by the Dean next week.    by the Dean next week.
B. WeB. We maybe visitedmaybe visited by the Dean next week.    by the Dean next week.
C. WeC. We must be visitedmust be visited by the Dean next week.by the Dean next week.

9. The Dean9. The Dean may visitmay visit us next week.us next week.

A. WeA. We may be visitedmay be visited by the Dean next week.by the Dean next week.
B. WeB. We maybe visitedmaybe visited by the Dean next week.    by the Dean next week.
C. WeC. We must be visitedmust be visited by the Dean next week.by the Dean next week.

10. Studying hard10. Studying hard could have savedcould have saved
you.you.

A. YouA. You could have savedcould have saved by studying hard. by studying hard.
B. YouB. You could have been savedcould have been saved by studying hard. by studying hard.
C. YouC. You could be savedcould be saved by studying hard.by studying hard.

As you have noticed, the Passive VoiceAs you have noticed, the Passive Voice
of any tense contains this structure:of any tense contains this structure:
bebe ++ V. 3V. 3
(Past Participle)(Past Participle)
isis brokenbroken
will bewill be metmet
waswas interrogatedinterrogated ..
isis goinggoing toto bebe informedinformed
couldcould havehave beenbeen savedsaved
waswas beingbeing lootedlooted
hadhad beenbeen seenseen

Do you know the past andDo you know the past and PastPast
ParticipleParticiple forms of the irregular verbs ?forms of the irregular verbs ?
You have to know the past and Past Participle
forms of the IRREGULAR VERBS by heart.

A REFERENCE LIST
Mnemonic Rhyming Groups
Learning can be fun with Mnemonics!
When we were kids, rhyming songs and phrases were
some of the gimmicks used to make us remember
different things.
I hope sorting these Irregular Verbs into rhyming
groups can help you memorize them in a short period
of time. Actually some groups can be memorized
in ONLY 10 SECONDS!!!
Have a look at Group 3 !!!

Group 1
SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
ring rang rung
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
drink drank drunk
shrink shrank shrunk
swim swam swum
begin began begun
run ran run

Group 2
feed fed fed
lead led led
breed bred bred
read read*
(Pronounced as red)
read*
(Pronounced as red)
sell sold sold
tell told told
slide slid slid
hold held held

Group 3
hit hit hit
fit fit fit
spit spit (spat) spit (spat)
knit knit /(knitted) knit /(knitted)
quit quit quit
let let let
set set set
upset upset upset
shut shut shut
cut cut cut
put put put
cost cost cost
hurt hurt hurt
burst burst burst
spread spread spread
broadcast broadcast broadcast

Group 4
buy bought bought
fight fought fought
seek sought sought
think thought thought
bring brought brought
teach taught taught
catch caught caught

Group 5
bend bent bent
send sent sent
lend lent lent
spend spent spent
build built built
sleep slept slept
keep kept kept
creep crept crept
weep wept wept
sweep swept swept
leap leapt (leaped) leapt (leaped)
feel felt felt
deal dealt dealt
mean meant meant
dream dreamt /(dreamed) dreamt /(dreamed)
meet met met
leave left left
lose lost lost
burn burnt /(burned) burnt /(burned)

Group 6
hang hung hung
hang (to kill ) hanged hanged
dig dug dug
shoot shot shot
stand stood stood
understand understood understood
stick stuck stuck
strike struck struck
sit sat sat
win won won
make made made
pay paid paid
lay laid laid
say said said
light lit / (lighted) lit / (lighted)
find found found
found founded founded

Group 7
throw threw thrown
grow grew grown
blow blew blown
draw drew drawn
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
fly flew flown
know knew known

Group 9
dive dived/dove dived
do did done
go went gone
hear heard heard
have had had
be ( am , is , are) was, were been
come came come
become became become
overcome overcame overcome
see saw seen
saw sawed sawn /(sawed)
mow mowed mown
lie lied lied
lie lay lain
lay laid laid

Thank You and Good LuckThank You and Good Luck
Mr. Hani M. Al-TahrawiMr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi
Eng-112Eng-112
Pre-Dental Batch 2Pre-Dental Batch 2
Pre-Pharma Batch 2Pre-Pharma Batch 2
March, 2012March, 2012

The passive 2012

Recomendados

Recomendados

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (18)

Similar a The passive 2012

Similar a The passive 2012 (20)

Último

Último (20)

The passive 2012