4. RESEARCH THROUGH
DESIGN
(1) Process
(2) Invention
(3) Relevance
(4) Extensibility
Christopher Frayling, (1993)
research through design
Zimmerman, J. et al. (2007)
research through design as a
method for interaction design
research
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5. DESIGNERLY WAYS
Five aspects of designerly ways of knowing:
• Designers tackle 'ill-defined' problems.
• Their mode of problem-solving is 'solution-focused'.
• Their model of thinking is 'constructive'.
• They use 'codes' that translate abstract requirements into concrete objects.
• They use these codes to both 'read' and 'write' in 'object languages'.
Cross, N. (2007)
Designerly Ways of
Knowing
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7. SLOW TECHNOLOGY
Designing for reflection
Simple material
Complex form
Lars Hallnäs and Johan
Redström. 2001. Slow
Technology – Designing
for Reflection. Personal
Ubiquitous Comput. 5,
3 (January 2001),
201-212.
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8. AMBIGUITY
Ambiguity of information finds its source in the
artifact itself
ambiguity of context in the sociocultural
discourses that are used to interpret it
ambiguity of relationship in the interpretative
and evaluative stance of the individual.
Ambiguity can also be intriguing,
mysterious, and delightful.
William W. Gaver, Jacob Beaver,
and Steve Benford. 2003.
Ambiguity as a resource for
design. InProceedings of the
SIGCHI Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems
(CHI '03). ACM, New York, NY,
USA, 233-240.
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9. LUDIC DESIGN
why task-oriented, focused, rational work ?
愉悅先於理解
設計不能只強化已知的愉悅, 必須提出新的
理論只能有限度地使⽤用
Gaver, design for homo
ludens. still
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10. REFLECTIVE DESIGN
Foundations of Reflective Design:
1. Participatory Design
2. Value-Sensitive Design
3. Critical Design
4. Ludic Design
5. Critical Technical Practice
6. Reflection-in-Action
Phoebe Sengers, Kirsten Boehner, Shay David,
and Joseph 'Jofish' Kaye. 2005. Reflective
design. In Proceedings of the 4th decennial
conference on Critical computing: between
sense and sensibility (CC '05), Olav W.
Bertelsen, Niels Olof Bouvin, Peter G. Krogh,
and Morten Kyng (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY,
USA, 49-58.
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11. CRITICAL DESIGN
Critical Design
critical role for the current and past values
Discursive Design
critical role for the future & technological imagination
Performative Design
Design Activism
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12. CRITICAL DESIGN
Shaowen Bardzell, Jeffrey Bardzell,
Jodi Forlizzi, John Zimmerman, and
John Antanitis. 2012. Critical design
and critical theory: the challenge of
designing for provocation. In
Proceedings of the Designing
Interactive Systems Conference
(DIS '12).
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13. Arnall, T, & Marinussen E.S.
(2010) Depth of Field: Discursive
design research through film
DISCURSIVE DESIGN
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15. Hobye, M., & Löwgren, J.
(2011). Touching a stranger:
Designing for engaging
experience in embodied
interaction.International
Journal of Design, 5(3),
31-48.
PERFORMATIVE DESIGN
discursive & activism
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16. Performative & discursive
Markussen, T. (2012)
The Disruptive
Aesthetics of Design
Activism: Enacting
Design Between
Art and Politics, Design
DESIGN ACTIVISM
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17. The City as Platform
“Yes, That’s a nice urban
data visualization. So what?”
- The Mobile City blog
DESIGN ACTIVISM
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