1. Community Language
Learning

2. Introduction
● Students as ‘whole-person ’- not only their
intellect, but Ss’ feelings, physical
reaction, instinctive protective reactions,
desire to learn.
● A Counseling-Learning approach.
● Developed by Charles A. Curran

3. Introduction
● Teacher as counselor
● CLL is a humanistic approach taken from
Carl Rodger’s approach (1950): the focus
is on Affective (emotional) domain; it is
client (learner) centered.

4. Introduction
● Language process is not just: sender →
message → receiver
● It is interactional and communicative. It
is a social process.
● Classroom interaction is between peers or
learner-knower

5. Principles
● Learning is persons
● Learning is dynamic and creative

6. Principles
● Learners have different strategies, paces
and styles of learning. The teacher makes
them feel relaxed.
● Native language is part of the process of
learning.
● Clear rules and explanations bring
security

7. Principles
● Group work and cooperation is preferred
to competition.
● Errors are corrected indirectly
● Thinking about learning experiences is as
positive as reflecting on the target
language

8. Principles
Evaluation is mainly integrative, not discrete
point. Self evaluation is also valued.

9. Elements for nondefensive
learning (Curran)
● Security
● Aggression
● Attention
● Reflection
● Retention
● Discrimination

10. Techniques
● Recording student conversation
● Transcription
Reflective listening
● Human computer ( promoting self-correction)
● Small group tasks

11. Questions for Discussion
1. Do you think that a teacher should adopt
the role of a counselor, as Curran uses the
term?
2. Is any of the principles compatible with
your approach to teaching/learning?
3. Which of the techniques can you see
adapting to your teaching style?