A secondary school History 12 presentation with background information for an introduction to the Paris Peace Talks, 1919.

2. The First World War A review of the political and military events to be considered in Paris, 1919 J. Marshall 2009

3. Contents I: Politics Nationalism Empires and Imperialism The Alliance System The Naval Arms Race (Militarism) II: War The Schlieffen Plan Static Warfare and Attrition Total War

4. Part I: Politics

5. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War 1) Nationalism SEE PAGE 3 OF FALK’S BOOK: Nationalism is _____________not _____________ . Things like ______________, ______________ and _____________ connect nationalities. It is interesting to note that _____________ is not necessary for a group to identify themselves as a nation. visceral cerebral language statehood culture traditions

6. Hall of Mirrors: Declaration of German Empire, January, 1871 PRUSSIA B B The German Question: What role will a unified Germany play in the affairs of Europe and the world? I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War

9. Imperialism led to competition France, UK and other “older” European nation-states had a history of imperialism. A unified Germany was a late-comer to the game. If the imperial nations went to war, precedent suggested the winners would gain the losers’ colonies. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War

10. 3) Alliances: joining together Balance of power to stop incursions Status quo is only good if you’re on top Collective Security provides mutual aid I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War The goal is to stop hegemony by any one power

11. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War The Triple Alliance Triple Entente (L) Wilhelm II of Germany, (C) Francisco Crispi of Italy (R) Franz Joseph I of A.H. “Agreement”

12. A System of Alliances, Not One I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War Dual Alliance Entente Cordiale Anglo-Russian Entente With the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente, the Triple Entente became a fact.

13. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War Balance of Power The Balkans were seen as the “powder keg” of Europe!

14. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War “Serbia: the menace to European equilibrium”

15. Catalyst: Assassination I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War X

16. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War 4) Naval Arms Race HMS Dreadnought made all other warships obsolete Kaiser Wilhelm sought naval supremacy An arms race was started Consider: Why would Britain think it critical that she continue to rule the waves?

17. Part II: War

18. 1) The Schlieffen Plan Attack through the Low Countries before Russia can mobilize Use speed and surprise to advantage Avoid a war on two fronts With France and Russia out of the war, Britain will sue for peace I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War

21. 3) Total War Home Front Rationing Industrialization/profiteers Loans/bonds/income taxes Women Conscription Civilian casualties Debt/rise of the USA I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War

22. Use the contents bar to write a 150 word paragraph to summarize the political and military events (beyond the cost in lives and money) that led to the peace accords in Paris, 1919. I: Politics: 1) Nationalism 2) Imperialism 3) Alliances 4) Naval Race (Militarism) II: War: 1) Schlieffen Plan 2) Static War & Attrition 3) Total War Topic sentence: A variety of political and military events led up to the peace talks in Paris, 1919.

23. End