The document provides an introduction to several major stock exchanges around the world, including the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India, NASDAQ in the United States, Dow Jones in the United States, the Tokyo Stock Exchange in Japan, and the Shanghai Stock Exchange in China. It discusses the founding, ownership, key indices, and major developments of each exchange. The NSE is the largest stock exchange in India and is owned jointly by various financial institutions. NASDAQ is an electronic stock market founded in 1971 and is now owned by NASDAQ OMX Group. Dow Jones includes indices like the Dow Jones Industrial Average and is now jointly owned. The Tokyo Stock Exchange is Japan's largest with over 2,000 listings and key indices like the

1. INTRODUCTION OF NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE,
NASDAQ, DOWJONES, , TOKYO STOCK EXCHANGE,
SHANGHAI STOCK EXCHANGE:-
1. NSE (NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE):- (NIFTY 50 )
The CNX Nifty, also called the Nifty 50 or simply the Nifty, is a stock market
index and benchmark index for Indian equity market. Nifty is owned and managed by India
Index Services and Products Ltd. (IISL), which is a joint venture between NSE and CRISIL
(Credit Rating and Information Services of India Ltd). IISL is India's first specialized company
focused upon the index as a core product. IISL has a marketing and licensing agreement with
Standard & Poor's for co-branding equity indices. 'CNX' in its name stands for 'CRISIL NSE
Index'.
CNX Nifty has shaped up as the largest single financial product in India. The CNX Nifty covers
22 sectors of the Indian economy and offers investment managers exposure to the Indian market
in one portfolio. The CNX Nifty stock represents about 67.27% of the free float market
capitalization of the stocks listed at National Stock Exchange (NSE) as on September 30, 2012.
The base value of the index has been set at 1000, and a base capital of Rs 2.06 trillion. The CNX
Nifty Index was developed by Ajay Shah and Susan Thomas. The CNX Nifty currently consists
of the following 50 major Indian companies; here is the list of 50 companies that form part of
CNX Nifty Index as on 1 April 2013:
NIFTY TOP 50 LISTED COMPANY:S.No. Company Name
01.
ACC Ltd.
02.
Ambuja Cements Ltd.
03.
Asian Paints Ltd.
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2. 04.
Axis Bank Ltd.
05.
Bajaj Auto Ltd.
06.
Bank of Baroda
07.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
08.
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
09.
Bharti Airtel Ltd.
10.
Cairn India Ltd.
11.
Cipla Ltd.
12.
Coal India Ltd.
13.
DLF Ltd.
14.
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.
15.
GAIL (India) Ltd.
16.
Grasim Industries Ltd.
17.
HCL Technologies Ltd.
18.
HDFC Bank Ltd.
19.
Hero MotoCorp Ltd.
20.
Hindalco Industries Ltd.
21.
Hindustan Unilever Ltd.
22.
Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd.
23.
I T C Ltd.
24.
ICICI Bank Ltd.
25.
Infosys Ltd.
26.
Infrastructure Development Finance Co. Ltd.
27.
Jaiprakash Associates Ltd.
28.
Jindal Steel & Power Ltd.
29.
Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd.
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3. 30.
Larsen & Toubro Ltd.
31.
Lupin Ltd.
32.
Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd.
33.
Maruti Suzuki India Ltd.
34.
NTPC Ltd.
35.
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.
36.
Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.
37.
Punjab National Bank
38.
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd.
39.
Reliance Industries Ltd.
40.
Reliance Infrastructure Ltd.
41.
Sesa Goa Ltd.
42.
NMDC
43.
State Bank of India
44.
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
45.
Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.
46.
Tata Motors Ltd.
47.
Tata Power Co. Ltd.
48.
Tata Steel Ltd.
49.
UltraTech Cement Ltd.
50.
Indusind Bank
MAJOR FALLS:16 Aug 2013 --- 234.45 Points (because of rupee depreciation)
27 Aug 2013 --- 189.05 Points
03 Sep Aug 2013 --- 209.30 Points
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4. INTRODUCTION OF NATIONAL STOCK
EXCHANGE :The National Stock Exchange (NSE) is stock exchange located in Mumbai, India. It is the 11th
largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization and largest in India by daily
turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading.NSE has a market
capitalization of more than US$1 trillion and 1,665 companies listed as of December 2012.
Though a number of other exchanges exist, NSE and the Bombay Stock Exchange are the two
most significant stock exchanges in India and between them are responsible for the vast majority
of share transactions. The NSE's key index is the S&P CNX Nifty, now known as the NSE
NIFTY (National Stock Exchange Fifty), an index of fifty major stocks weighted by market
capitalization.
NSE is mutually owned by a set of leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and
other financial intermediaries in India but its ownership and management operate as separate
entities.
The National Stock Exchange of Independent India was set up by Government of India on the
recommendation of Pherwani Committee in 1991. Promoted by leading financial institutions
essentially led by IDBI at the behest of the Government of India, it was incorporated in
November 1992 as a tax-paying company. In April 1993, it was recognised as a stock exchange
under the Securities Contracts Act, 1956. NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt
Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital market segment of the NSE commenced
operations in November 1994, while operations in the Derivatives segment commenced in June
2000.
Nifty indices:1. NSE(National stock exchange)
2. CRISIL(credit rating and information services of india ltd.)
3. IISL
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5. 2. NASDAQ:-
Type
Stock exchange
Location
New York City, New York, United States
Founded
February 4, 1971
Owner
NASDAQ OMX Group
Currency
United States dollar
No. of listings 2,784 (Dec 2011)[1]
Market Cap
$4.45 trillion (Jan 2012)[2] i
Volume
$982 billion (Feb 2011)
Website
NASDAQ.com
NASDAQ was founded in 1971by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), who
divested themselves of it in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. It is owned and operated by the
NASDAQ OMX Group, the stock of which was listed on its own stock exchange beginning July
2, 2002, under the ticker symbol NDAQ. It is regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority (FINRA), the successor to the NASD.
When the NASDAQ stock exchange began trading on February 8, 1971, it was the world's first
electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a computer bulletin board system and did not
actually connect buyers and sellers.
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6. In 1992, it joined with the London Stock Exchange to form the first intercontinental linkage of
securities markets. NASD spun off NASDAQ in 2000 to form a publicly traded company, the
NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc.
In 2006 NASDAQ changed from stock market to licensed national exchange.
On November 8, 2007, NASDAQ bought the Philadelphia Stock Exchange (PHLX) for US$652
million.
In 2013, NASDAQ was approached by private equity firm Carlyle Group about taking the
exchange operator private, but the talks fell apart over a disagreement on price.
1.
Indices :1.NASDAQ 100
2.NASDAQ open 100
3.NASDAQ omx group
4.NASDAQ dubai
5.NASDAQ composite
The NASDAQ Stock Market, commonly known as the NASDAQ, is an American stock
exchange. "NASDAQ" originally stood for National Association of Securities Dealers
Automated Quotations. It is the second-largest stock market comparing to official stock
exchanges by market capitalization in the world, after the New York Stock Exchange. The
exchange platform is owned by NASDAQ OMX Group, which also owns the OMX stock market
network.
NASDAQ was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), who
divested themselves of it in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. It is owned and operated by the
NASDAQ OMX Group.
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7. 3. DOWJONES: -
Trading name
S&P Dow Jones Indices
Type
Joint venture of McGraw Hill Financial, CME Group Inc. and
Dow Jones & Company, which is a subsidiary of News
Corporation.
Founded
15 Wall Street, New York (1882)
Founder(s)
Charles Dow, Edward Jones, Charles Bergstresser
Headquarters
55 Water Street, New York, NY
Parent
McGraw Hill Financial; with CME Group Inc. and News
Corporation as minority partners.
Website
www.spindices.com
The Dow Jones Industrial Average is the most well-known share index in the USA. The Dow
Jones was developed by Charles Henry Dow and originally contained just 12 American
companies. It was published for the first time in May 1896 and opened at a level of 40.94 points.
Today, the Dow Jones Industrial Average consists of the 30 most important market-leading
companies on the American stock exchange and reflects their growth.
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8. Like the Swiss Market Index (SMI), the Dow Jones is a price index. The shares included in it are
weighted according to price; the index level represents the average of the shares included in it.
Dividend payments are not considered in the index.
The inclusion of a company in the Dow Jones Industrial Average does not depend on defined
criteria. Instead, an independent Wall Street Journal commission decides whether a share is to be
included or excluded. There are no fixed times for reviewing the composition of the index, since
changes are only made by the commission as and when they are needed.
It produces, maintains, licenses, and markets stock market indices as benchmarks and as the
basis of investible products, such as exchange traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, and structured
products. The company currently has employees in 15 cities worldwide, including New York,
NY, London, Frankfurt, Singapore, Hong Kong, Beijing, and Dubai.
NYSE Indices:-(New York stock exchange)
1)
2)
3)
4)
Dow Jones industrial
S&P 500
Average
NYSE Composite
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9. 4. TOKYO STOCK EXCHANGE:- (
東京証券取引所 )
Type
Stock exchange
Location
Tokyo, Japan
Coordinates
35°40′57.60″N 139°46′43.71″E
Founded
1878
Owner
Japan Exchange Group, Inc.
(Tokyo Stock Exchange Group, Inc.)
Key people
Taizo Nishimuro, Chairman
Atsushi Saito, President&CEO
Yasuo Tobiyama, MD, COO& CFO
Currency
Japanese yen
No. of listings
2,292
Market Cap
US$3.3 trillion (Dec 2011)[1]
Volume
US$3.9 trillion (Dec 2011)
Indexes
Nikkei 225
TOPIX
Website
TSE.or.jp
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10. [ Tokyo Stock exhchange ]
The main trading room inside TSE Arrows of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, where trading is
currently completed through computers.
The TSE is incorporated as a kabushiki gaisha with nine directors, four auditors and eight
executive officers. Its headquarters are located at 2-1 Nihonbashi-kabutocho (JA: 日本橋兜町),
Chūō, Tokyo, or "Kabutocho", which is the largest financial district in Japan. Its operating hours
are from 9:00 to 11:30 a.m. and from 12:30 to 3:00 p.m. From April 24, 2006, the afternoon
trading session started at its usual time of 12:30 p.m.
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11. Stocks listed on the TSE are separated into the First Section for large companies, the Second
Section for mid-sized companies, and the Mothers (Market of the high-growth and emerging
stocks) (ja:マザーズ?) Section for high-growth startup companies. As of October 31, 2010, there
are 1,675 First Section companies, 437 Second Section companies and 182 Mothers companies.
The main indices tracking the TSE are the Nikkei 225 index of companies selected by the Nihon
Keizai Shimbun (Japan's largest business newspaper).
Tokyo Indices:1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Tokyo Stock Exchange REIT
TOPIX 100
TOPIX 500
TOPIX 1000
Core 30
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12. 5. SHANGHAI STOCK EXCHANGE:-
Type
Stock Exchange
Location
Shanghai, China
Founded
26 November 1990
Key people
Geng Liang (Chairman)
Zhang Yujun (President)
Currency
RMB
No. of listings 932 (May 2012)
Market Cap
US$2.3 trillion (Dec 2011)[1]
Volume
US$0.5 trillion (Dec 2009)
Indexes
SSE Composite
SSE 50
Website
www.sse.com.cn
english.sse.com.cn
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13. The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) (Chinese: 上海证券交易所), is a stock exchange that is
based in the city of Shanghai, China. It is one of the two stock exchanges operating
independently in the People's Republic of China; the other is the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's 6th largest stock market by market capitalization at
US$2.3 trillion as of Dec 2011. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock
Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors due to tight capital account controls
exercised by the Chinese mainland authorities.
The formation of the International Settlement (foreign concession areas) in Shanghai was the
result of the Treaty of Nanking of 1842 (which ended the First Opium War) and subsequent
agreements between the Chinese and foreign governments were crucial to the development of
foreign trade in China and of the foreign community in Shanghai. The market for securities
trading in Shanghai begins in the late 1860s. The first shares list appeared in June 1866 and by
then Shanghai's International Settlement had developed the conditions conducive to the
emergence of a share market: several banks, a legal framework for joint-stock companies, and an
interest in diversification among the established trading houses (although the trading houses
themselves remained partnerships).
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14. In 1891 during the boom in mining shares, foreign businessmen founded the "Shanghai
Sharebrokers' Association" headquartered in Shanghai as China's first stock exchange. In 1904
the Association applied for registration in Hong Kong under the provision of the Companies
ordinance and was renamed as the "Shanghai Stock Exchange". The supply of securities came
primarily from local companies. In the early days, banks dominated private shares but, by 1880,
only the Hong Kong and Shanghai local banks remained.
Later in 1920 and 1921, "Shanghai Securities & Commodities Exchange" and "Shanghai Chinese
Merchant Exchange" started operation respectively. An amalgamation eventually took place in
1929, and the combined markets operated thereafter as the "Shanghai Stock Exchange".
Shipping, insurance, and docks persisted to 1940 but were overshadowed by industrial shares
after the Treaty of Shimonoseki of 1895, which permitted Japan, and by extension other nations
which had treaties with China, to establish factories in Shanghai and other treaty ports. Rubber
plantations became the staple of stock trading beginning in the second decade of the 20th
century.
By the 1930s, Shanghai had emerged as the financial center of the Far East, where both Chinese
and foreign investors could trade stocks, debentures, government bonds, and futures. The
operation of Shanghai Stock Exchange came to an abrupt halt after Japanese troops occupied the
Shanghai International Settlement on December 8, 1941. In 1946, Shanghai Stock Exchange
resumed its operations before closing again 3 years later in 1949, after the Communist revolution
took place.
After the Cultural Revolution ended and Deng Xiaoping rose to power, China was re-opened to
the outside world in 1978. During the 1980s, China's securities market evolved in tandem with
the country's economic reform and opening up and the development of socialist market
economy. On 26 November 1990, Shanghai Stock Exchange was re-established and operations
began a few weeks later on 19 December.
Shanghai Indices:1) SSE Composite
2) SSE 50
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15. CHRONOLOGY:
1866 - The first share list appeared in June.
1871 - Speculative bubble burst triggered by monetary panic.
1883 - Credit crisis resulted speculation in Chinese companies.
1890 - Bank crisis started from Hong Kong.
1891 - "Shanghai Share brokers Association" established.
1895 - Treaty of Shimonoseki opened Chinese market to foreign investors.
1904 - Renamed to "Shanghai Stock Exchange".
1909-1910 - Rubber boom.
1911 - Revolution and the abdication of the Qing Dynasty. Founding of the Republic of China.
1914 - Market closed for a few months due to the Great War (World War I).
1919 - Speculation in cotton shares.
1925 - Second rubber boom.
1929 - "Shanghai Securities & Commodities Exchange" and "Shanghai Chinese Merchant
Exchange" were merged into the existing Shanghai Stock Exchange.
1931 - Incursion of Japanese forces into northern China.
1930s - The market was dominated by the rubber share price movements.
1941 - The market closed on Friday 5 December. Japanese troops occupied Shanghai.
1946-1949 - Temporary resumption of the Shanghai Stock Exchange until the communist
revolution. Founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
1978 - Deng Xiaoping emerged as the dominant figure in China's leadership, thus beginning a
period of 'opening up' to the rest of the world.
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16. 1981 - Trading in treasury bonds were resumed.
1984 - Company stocks and corporate bonds emerged in Shanghai and a few other cities.
1990 - The present Shanghai Stock Exchange re-opened on November 26 and began operation
on December 19.
2001-2005 - A four-year market slump which saw Shanghai's market value halved, after
reaching a peak in 2001. A ban on new IPOs was put in April 2005 to curb the slump and allow
more than US$200 billion of mostly state-owned equity to be converted to tradable shares.
2006 - The SSE resumed full operation as the yearlong ban on IPOs was lifted in May. The
world's second largest (US$21.9 billion) IPO by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
(ICBC) was launched in both Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets.
2007-2008 - A "stock market frenzy" as speculative traders rush into the market, making China's
stock exchange temporarily the world's second largest in terms of turnover. After reaching an alltime high of 6,124.044 points on October 16, 2007, the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index
ended 2008 down a record 65% mainly due to the impact of the global economic crisis which
started in mid-2008.
2010 - Agricultural Bank of China completed the world's largest IPO to date worth US$22.1
billion.
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17. Nifty
Year
High
Low
Turnover
(Rs. Crore)
2001
1422.95
849.95
370947.4
2002
1178.1
921.65
363469.3
2003
1168.85
929.75
483411.7
2004
2101.6
908.75
511978.3
2005
2058.5
901.9
688596.5
2006
2158
885.25
789658.4
2007
3269.7
958.30
800256.6
2008
4444.7
2860.8
890189.1
2009
2895.2
2251
930568.2
2010
5388.12
5009.5
989123.7
2011
5992.45
5312.7
1009258.0
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18. NASDAQ
Year
High
Low
Turnover
(Rs. Crore)
2001
12.37
9.8
6049.25
2002
13.58
8.2
7458.2
2003
14.52
9.4
8965.38
2004
13.08
8.3
8265.32
2005
12.69
8.1
7489.98
2006
11.65
9.5
8647.48
2007
13.04
9.7
8648.58
2008
14.58
9.1
7658.32
2009
11.36
8.3
6789.50
2010
12.36
7.3
7258.41
2011
13.47
8.7
8523.32
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19. Dow jones
Year
High
Low
Turnover
(Rs. Crore)
2001
2013.8
987.5
525890.23
2002
2125.5
1023.5
601235.02
2003
2890
885.0
678235.0
2004
3021.9
789.0
720560.41
2005
3125.4
1056.2
792056.00
2006
4278.9
2987.3
850235.23
2007
3654.8
2887.3
909325.58
2008
2214.7
1023.4
998547.32
2009
1252.6
875.12
1056879.58
2010
3025.8
965.03
1123456.98
2011
3124.7
987.23
1210256.03
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20. Shanghai
Year
High
Low
Turnover
(Rs. Crore)
2001
2231.12
987.36
323857.24
2002
3024.32
952.36
399587.78
2003
3125.25
942.78
469021.89
2004
3225.89
1025.63
578452.39
2005
3378.15
1178.96
658471.74
2006
3458.74
887.55
763254.12
2007
2412.85
851.78
856321.85
2008
2789.10
964.52
900253.45
2009
3056.21
947.21
987563.24
2010
3256.41
875.25
1002365.28
2011
3312.56
1024.32
1088945.47
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21. Tokyo
Year
High
Low
Turnover
(Rs.Crore)
2001
2547.32
987.21
356248.23
2002
2478.36
875.32
389564.14
2003
2258.69
963.21
400236.69
2004
2157.34
854.25
401258.78
2005
2365.98
1023.56
499875.74
2006
2658.15
999.36
501259.36
2007
2748.32
841.26
599478.20
2008
2856.41
852.34
600478.39
2009
3014.58
741.29
699523.68
2010
3015.89
784.36
705014.78
2011
3125.69
1123.69
820365.14
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22. Comparison Stock Market
Year
Nifty-Dowjones
Nifty-Shanghai
2001
-26.54
38.44
-52.07
48.39
2002
-138.17
-214.69
-196.65
-81.99
2003
-239.05
-241.35
-180.30
-72.33
2004
-129.17
20.16
-6.41
35.62
2005
17.83
-15.84
0.98
35.62
2006
48.81
-26.04
-5.79
68.72
2007
70.30
8.49
1.84
63.77
2008
50.93
83.53
10.98
-5.47
2009
-35.46
-210
-238.92
-21.07
2010
-870.08
-941.59
-953.99
-483.19
2011
-503.26
-509.08
-464.81
-212.26
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Nifty-Tokyo Nifty-Nasdaq
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