Deconstruction of a Science Magazine article

1. Writer
RolandEnnos
Visually striking headline
7=4,
t.t:,tt t-'t"
77'
Different type sizes and fonts to attract attention
Ho wd s i r € e ,w h i e ma yb e u p to 1 0 0metr es
h
5
t a l l ,l i f t w a l e ral l th e w a yto l h e l e a ve s ihe top
at
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he l p e du s u n de rsta nw h y tre e s a vewood
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;
a r r a n g e t h e wa y i l i s,a n d w h y th e ye v enlually
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i tl
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1 . l i - l g l i ' ll : 1 ' 1 ; l i r ' i 1 ; . 1 1 1 1 1 1 r ' . . i . ' l ' i l t " i l r l 1rl , : l i r l i ' { . . l l i | . l } l i i f
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l l i : l i t r i r : :! J i t w ; r : r ' r ' t i ; l l i i r I i l t t r ; r i g l r1 ' , , i u , r' l,.r l r i i : r l r ' : r i r r r , r ' l r . r
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Uses bold headings
ii
L l r r r l l ' i l l r ' : n i r t r r : L i t ; t r ' r r , r c r i 5 r ' f l l r n i 1 1 ' 1 t l ).i l t r l r o i i l l l ; ( i t r l
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ir
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.
t : ' ; r l r 1 . } r : ; 1ri 1r' g l I r - i r li)h . r l n l i r k h l ' i . t r i t t f r i , : f l ' 1 " , i' , r li i r r " ' r ' r ' l l i ; . } r t ,
r n
Refers to 'Figures' in text
Includes a 'Key Words'
section but no 'Glossary'
Visual references all named as 'Figures'
$!PIIMBER .,1|t.'
Issue of magazine
Trees
Tran$piratisn
Cohesion*tension
theor
Vessels
Emtrolism* woad
in

2. Several pieces of information separated into 'Boxes'
effiK*vt^
Uses 2-column format
in
xylemcelts wood.A-K shcwscmeo{ lhe tyoesof ceilsthal erefr:urtd
itaclretds
suppcrt;
in
largelY mechan:cal
furction
wecds.Fibres
in different
mcmfrer
H
watef, *hawspartof a vessel a vessel
conduc;
anC
vessels
plates erlhcr
end.
at
tnai hassealarifctm
fi
a r r a t t g , e ip l r ; : l l i : i l r r : i i r a r : l ( ) t l i ' r af : ' 1 , l l kl l i r f i t i t i t . i l l c
i
t v a l c r - i o r r r l r r i . t i r itgl t ' t t r e n t ri t : r i i i t ' t h r -r: r t t o i i , t t - lI i h e t l : * L r r a r i d r l l i : l l . , t r l l ' l r , r t k t r i d r i l : k i t r g l i r ; r r v c t s e { :} l r r I r ' l t l i ' r r
t t ' r t l ' i ;o L t l n ' i t . r l , r t l t t a l l ' : l : a : i i ' r
lrrovcti 1tlrd. ;llortgir,tir
O
t t p t ' r ' a r c i s . v t r l l r e l ; r E t! ! ( r f r ' l i l ' l l l (
t h r r v a t r . ' rl r . r | c l
i
s e l c r a i p o l : : l : i c t t t e c l i a t l l s : tl r l t a r 'c l l t l t ' l t L l . t ! l t ' 5a { 1 . l r u L
o n i - vi i t t e i t . t r S l r t r t tlil l ) 1 ( )r x l l c r i l l l e t t l a l i t r v r ' s t i g ; : l i l i : '
O n t ' l u g g c r l i r l n w d s l l t a t l l a L e r t t i t i { t l 1 i ' i l i t l - ri l i t '
t r u t t k I r v l h t I t l o l s L l s i ! ! l ] l r l l l c r ( 1 r t r ] 1{ } t l l r o i l ' t l l ( : f l i J
n i s r t t . l 1 i t n c r t ' l , t t l t t l l c t l t t l t { r t t : n l l r . ' l ' * vr ' r ' er r ' l L : l d t l l l ' l t
i i i ) e L l 1 J l ( ' r 1 ( ) f c l ) i ) r ( ' ' t ' l l 5 l ) r ' l l )''). t' l l ( } l a i r t l t r t l t t L
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o r t i r - r t r* t t l Y r . r l r k : i v i : l l r l ; i L l t r c 1 1 t h i l t 1 r i 1 ' 1 ' 1 " t t t t t ' l i s
lllriolv cnllt:gll tlr r"lflrt: rvalet !tt i'it
arr siilr|ly ll{11
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n g a i l l 5 l F r a : i t " ' l ' l t t 1 ' . 1 1 1 ' t l l t ' v e e l l l 0 i ) a i t t l 1 { )l l l l l ' l ' r t ! 1 '
t o l h e v c l u l d r - } : r l vf a i s f w " l l d I t t i h r i g l l t : r ' r l i t c l t v c t t l
flF,ffi*s
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Vessel
rn€mbers
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Ir"th. i d s
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Soanningrlcttmn mlcrcgraph af a blod( ol wood tfqril NScors
ttnwx$am Filr.8
inoorfng
trunl. x ?!
34
with the oxl*of thg
mrinlYryang*d parcllel
Page numbers
5 rr:r and 50 r:nt.
" f i r t ' r l r s a s i r l t i l a rp r o l r l t ' l t l l v i t h . i t l i i ; d : J c a - l l r ; r t
!lrrid :-ip
n l l r r r t J ; t f & f t i l l l f r u l t t . i l . r L r v cj.u s l . , t .trv c : l . k
a rl:i:rkir:g rlrarv. Whctl 'c 5tlLh rlll d strn! !"f t)1'1'{:r
t
l l r c p t c ! : i t r t i n , t t t r l r t l t g r . a t t i i t l r c f l r r l u i s f t r r r l r : 1 1h e
tl'|ticli ltLisl:e5 I'l:: lhr
s l r d ! v b v a l t l l t ) 5 t r l h e 1 1 a) : " u ! 5 L i r f
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( l t i l , E v e r r i t l r e t ' r r " ' r - r t t iid t r t t l t t t r , { i } i r f l f l i :
t
vafriLlt il il I htir le:tvr:s, l: r ttti'l'tr. illlltl$1]hf i'ic prelsit r|
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c o r - r l do t r l , v r a i r w , 1 l c t . , t o a l t r : i 1 1 } tr t l l t ) l l t .
llher
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Thc :urpririnrl r11511'cr thll rv;:ltr ir acti:allf iilitl ttlt
I t r , a r : : c r l i n c g a t i v c l J r ( 5 i 1 l r c .I t : s p r r l l e d l t p i l n t l c r
t r n : i r ) r ra s t v a l t f i s l o s l f r t l n t i l t c l c ; r ' t 5 h t ' t l " r t l t p i t a rion. Tlrt prwer scu:ar i:1iic :t.:tl.!'ilr:n rhir f hs(1r'lva!
i:r
{irrl su1;gested, lS*''1,rhi :idrn was ;ryti::crlr'r'itlriiisol tvir"ittltr: ]tar
htrt :in|r' thctr .l Llr!+' .1111()u111
belir:1,
lrrc:t iortnil li) illpll(lrt il. t"ir5l, il lta: l-tcrit sh{ilvn tr,v
erperitntttt that i: rvatl:r i: hcld iu a llilrrrJtr pipt Llle
cohesiott bclrvcrn il: nolecules ca:i ivithriatld largr
itrelchinS fort:csrvitirltrt breaking, jrrst likc a Er;litlit'i:'r.
h{'
1fralillary tttbts rre lillcri with ivater thrl' r';1n fljIl
itl
ircund at high speet*s a ctnlriitlgc; thc rvatrr rviil
thc (rlllri[ugal {oret and }Yilllslandnrgaiilic ptet.e5i5t
suresol llp to 280 allll{rphrrcs. Tl:e calrcsivc5trctlglh
r
of lr.'ale could thereforc holti u1ra '"vitl(r trilutttn ttcat-i-r
1kn high, illanY tirllei hrgher tl.ianthe tailcs'ltree11
ha: al:t hccn shrwn that rvater itt 't lree is utitler
'l(}
ietrsi{n, thal i$ sav iL is lieing strttchcd 'Vhcn tes'<cis
nt
cin aduallY h*ar lhe hissitlgsr'rtttrri ltr
,rt cut v()tl
cnlering. Yttu ea:raiso fileasllre lhe nrgatil'c pielsurtl bY
rlcing an cxpc*ntcnl tst't Figure2). lf a lrrarrchls r:rtllrrttt:
a lrre lhr i:tlcfilil pressurei-'irt'lirveri. Thtl lv;tcr ill:itie'
th'
rrirrat: i:tt'{r
which ltaii l.rt'n ltrrtched. shttilrlt: attL'l
yrssels.
Titc sttrrr Lan thrn hc scai*diir a prer:ttre';rsrci
n:illr itr ettr etld sliekints{tut at:{l a Folitl;-e i}rt'-rllrrr Lan
'I'ltis
rrinlics tlre negltilt llr(!!ilrir illsrtit'tne
be applir:d.
stcm 5i) lltf lvater crtluttttrlctrglhcnr ;lg;in' {;:irt rl;trls
to f{}ll:e {xll ()l thc cul eird tr'lrtlr t}rr pttstl.vcllre55tlfc
tii
eiprall tlre origirralflegativcl)rc!,sllr{i tltc littll'
Name of magazine
r
5Cl;NCES t r'Er*
BI0tOGICAL

3. Figure2 EScrimentto
demonstrste water tension
in a cut bramh,
Use of visual references
eg diagrams, charts,
tables etc
of
Using rhis techniq:i€, negative pressures over
as
have beendetected tr,!/ice much as
20 atmospheres
is neerledto raiservater1othe top of even rhe highest
tree. TbE remaining prrssure overcolrtesthc l:ydraulic
resisauceof the wor;d.ftr a rrarxpiring tree *te pressure
d:erefr:rebecomermnre negativethe higher up the ttee
are
you go. Thc ncgativepretsures so high that they ean
ev€n deform the trec. Strain gaugel mounted on the
trunk have sholvn that during the day wben it is franspirlng, a 20m high tree with a trunk diameterol l0 cm
by
sl-tortens at:out I cm and ge$ I mrn thinner.
*isadva nfa fes *t the eahs:ian-tensian
r*€{hanisrn
raots, but thr greatestdanger is from frost. As water Colo$r6d scraning
air
freezes,dissolvecl comes out at solution and air doctrun mi€!gmph of r radial
bubbles [orm iyou can ser siruilar bubbles in the ice longitudinal
:ubes lrom a freezer),When :he ice rhaws. thesc section thruugh
can expandand fill a vessel.
bubbles
xylem ol an as*l
The prcblem with embolismsmeansrhat wood has tte€. xt&
To
to be a conrpromise. maximise flow and reducethe
cnnduaing
it
resistance is bestto havewiele,open-ended
emptying
af
cells.To minimise the chances vessels
is better to have
ol
trecause embolisms,however, it Paragraphs are not too long
short, narrcw conducting cellsjoincd by perfcrared
groups of living trecs,
plates.The twc) most suceessful
have made quite
thc conilers and the angiosperrns.
between elficiencyand rafety"
diflerenl compromises
The cohesion-tensionrnechanismis effectivein raising
d*signof wsad
tlydraerli<
First'
watf,r up trees.There are only fwo disadvantages.
leavesto' The wrxrd of conilcrs is adaptedto be saferath€r thao
becausetreer need to Jcxeware: from their
elficient al rransportingwater. It is madr up ()[ urarry
keepiitling it 1lp,thry lake up far mnre water than they
(see
Bcx 1), aboutl0pm wide
tracheids
lhin cellscalled
A
actuallyuse lur photosynthesi:. largeree can nke up
Fully justifies paragraphs left
Uses conjunctions to link paragraphs
and between0.1mm and l0mm long' Each tracheid
more than 500 litres of water a daY.to it necdspientiful
and right end andisjoined to its neighbours
taprred
hasa closcd,
waler.
is
of
warer under tensionis verv" cnly by tiny holes.The ronsequence this design rhat
Another problein is that
and air bubbles can spell disaster'Small conifers rarely su{ler from embslisms, and lhe
unstable,
tletweentracheids.
that do lorm rarely spread
embolisms
due to
bubblesare rot a problem - they will collapse
the sur{acet€nsion in the waier anrl tre reabsnrbed. Coni{er wood is therelore ideal for trees thal grsw in
or
areaswlth long cold Tvinters dry hot summers-Evcn
However if large bubtrlesgel into a vessel&ey may
water column" The whole vessel
break the
Ught mtcrograph
Uses scientific terms but
oI a tmruwerto
will then fiil !?ith air, forming an embolisur.
K{or frrcugh
explains them in context to
Onre an erntrolismhaslprmed it is prevented
yrrl, wood.
a layman
)tdrm lr stalned
from ;preading lhe whr:le lengrh o{ the tree
p{nk x100
these
plates
alongthe vessels;
by perforation
plates trap the bubbtes. How'ever, unless
again
Includes relevant
water is acdvely{orcedinto the vessel
it will rer:tai* empty and wiil have lost its
photographs or
conducting abilily. Ihc fsrmation of
pictures with captions
embclisms can be derccted in an actively
transpiring tree by auaching a microphone to
its trunh * thc breaksqf the waler columns
make li*le cllcks as th€ two ends conlract
rapidly.
are
Embolisms commonduringdroughts,
when there is li:tle water to dragup frorn the
sEmHgGn2005

4. ught mlcsgriphi
of trmfi|et
*aotionatfircugh
!4lwuodtail e
ott@txa0lad
{l} u.sadtptn a
tnrylsFd6l, eb
arefffi polons;
{rofi6 Sr. dngs of
gorpulttgue
lr{tiFEn the ft{s
ddtnrefrttta
fiil#stffilr*
Fs'lmwthecss8*}.
lre nrrnru hrt
ah&|U*aOolentV
+flrt{ilroutdte
vvood.
Uses mainly
present verb
tense
Only uses
third person
point of view c
a
:
e
a
t
E
{
{
in the sub-Ar{"tic lhe wo,:d rtf ctxriierr-losesonly 2% nf
its clrrdLrcting ability each ytlar. This loss ran casily be
the lrutlk a5 tllc tlee
replareil hy adding new lvocd 1{.}
gr{}w5,
Thc lvood oi angir:spcr*r: i: iiesigned ta be elficielt
.
at rorrrJuctiugwaler ralhrr thalr safe lt ha: a lot rrf rvidc
cclls that can bc up to 300prrl i:r diatneler. Thcsc tells
aixrl eud-to-end to fctm vesstls tlrit can be sevrral
rnetrrs long isee Br:x 1i. The resllh is tlta! attgicsperin
wr:ud cot:dufle rvaler several timqs laster then cttnifer
wo*d, bui is prrtne ltl cmbolism.
Argiosptrli waad ll ldeal lur lile ilt tropical raillfi:rr:Is wherr thc wamr, wet clinrate rcdrtccsthe risks o{
rnibllisn':. The irigh ctinducli::g abilil,v mearrsllrat everl
a narrolv-irur:ked tree ran cllllduct rltough waler tlr
supply its leavcs. Howel'g; angiosperm lrees arr alqtl
Lorllnl{)n in su'ntrcpicalare*: ihal arr prinlr ill seasonal
tlrougl.rt,anrl lcmperalt: areaslhat lrave coid winters. In
these regious lhc vesselsrvill itrevitalrlv :t:[le r cata5{l llow do the arccs
rlrflphi{*lly fror=:retnbr-rli5itl'
rurvivr? Attgir:sperns havr irvtr mt:thlrds <tl ctlpilig.
trees
Ringporous
put
Trecs *aksand ashes u;: rt"itirthe klssn{ all
likr
*
their vessels each ra.rittter lhcy rely only on llte
Lurrcnl year'slarge vctsetstrt lrallsport water- l-ale in iile
y{ar thr:}r add a few n{rrowrr vessell, along with 1}:e
necl'lani{al liirrcs {sre l}r:x t }' so their wrxrd is <iescril'cd
'rirrg
ar
t$trltls', brcausc it has rirgs of ptir*us tisst-tt:
betrveert rilgs of dcnse tisslte. Tht straregy lvorks lvell
First,the lreel (arln{lt i}reak
but ha: 1wo disailvalttages.
is
nelv rvr;c*d forrrtd.'f iric iq
br,rdr.rntila{tcr tht'Jirst
and ashesare am.rllg the last lrrf$ 1{}bufsl
why naks
intrr lcal earh sprirrg- Sec*ilci. lhese trees are vttherahlc tn lats fro:ts that can t:ilbolilc tlteir rn:w vesscl-"
lUusl spr'(its ttl oak arr trcpical trees anrl itt tronhern
Iurcpc atrri t1:enotlhea:l USA thcy arc at thr n$rlhern
rxtrem{s (}f iheir rangc.
Double spacing
Diffuse porous tree$ between paragraphs
'dilftlsc
Otlier trres likt poplais. trircllesand maplrs have
i)()r1lrs' rvriud. This .n:ll.linr largc t'lu:r:i:erst:f ttarrow
versrls.witlr riiametcrsof rr0*100;im, sprtad ltl{)le ur
lt:ssrvrnly throughtlt:t the wooil. TIlcse tralrol ve55els
arc lcss prrlllc li] eutlxtlittrts lhan the rvitje trsscls o{
vcntcd fr<;ln spreadingiry separ:aks.Etrhrrlism5 arc 1)re
rating adjaccnt l'ess(l eietrtentsrvith rtrvs o{ hars called
plates (seelhx l l; thcie trap the air bubhles.
sealarifornr
Ncverlhcless enrbolisms still r:rcrrr lairly lrrqr're:rtlv.
Poplan jrrrt prrl rrp lvitl't 1t,htll lrirrllcs and rnaples have
t{}
;r ,ilrilleg)- revtrsr rmbttlisll). Thcy refill lheir trltptv
vesselsr:ach spring by u:ilg tl:cir rlt:ls to pump sllgar'
rit1r lvalrr up their iruttkr and hranehcsand in{o llte
empty vrsrels. Tl'rishelps birches and ntaples surtive
Tappingmaple ftst
for rnaple syrup.
I
t
Mmmn,
Maple
syrupancl
padca*e6.
;
i
c
gcl
F
SroL0GlcAL gNcEs rvl Frl/

5. Use of 'Further Reading' box instead of Bibliography
*'"crZ**zr***2t26
Fn'los,A. R. {200'tilrces,lh*
idal.rreiftlsioty l.v4rseurr.
i-onijrr
viJr:,,16yy6r9,
l. i2004: Ta{ :lo".rys,
tlatare.lbi rl2$, pp. S07-iB
Use Harvard referencing style from CiteAce or blue
referencing booklet (this style is not Harvard).
r'irrltf ll rr,l'il lr: rllr{ lrf tl}i,t.r.i
r.ii
lttatrs,;l)il :clrtr,irilrI rt r lr ll I111,:11,
i r " r r f ; i a : t i l t { i t r , l l : i f : f . t i . . g . l t ; t! i ' i : r r
.
l
c r t r l l i t * t l r r . t : : t t t t r - . t r " i :l l utl r ; r r . i I l t . r
iiJ l.
(
. r t : i i r i t r i ' ; r r r ' r l i r i : 1 n l r | g ! 1i r l ' i i r ' ; L r
ir
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