This document defines and provides examples of different types of conjunctions and their functions. It discusses coordinating conjunctions such as "and", "but", and "or" which join elements of equal weight. Correlative conjunctions like "both...and" and "either...or" also join elements of equal weight. Subordinating conjunctions such as "although", "because", and "when" join two clauses by making one subordinate to the other. Finally, conjunctive adverbs like "moreover", "however", and "therefore" connect independent clauses and indicate comparisons, contrasts and other relationships between the clauses.
14. With nouns
Both the employers and the
employees agree.
With nouns and pronouns
Call either Ed or me if you need
help.
15. With prepositional phrases
Put the check either in the drawer
or beside the telephone.
With adjectives
The rain was not only heavy but
also cold.
16. join two clauses or ideas by making
one of the ideas subordinate to, or
dependent upon the other
17. After
Although
As
As long as
As soon as
As though
Because
Before
Even if
Even though
How
If
In order that
Lest
Now that
Provided
Since
So that
Than
That
Though
Till
Unless
Until
When
Whenever
Where
Wherever
while
18. The subordinate idea in a sentence
always begins with a subordinating
conjuction and makes up what is
known as a subordinate clause.
19. main idea subordinate
The referees watched carefully, lest they miss a key
play.
Although the fumigator sprayed, the termites
remained.
22. Subordinating conjunction
Think carefully before you choose.
Preposition
We’ll finish the project before October.
Adverb
I’d met him once before.
23. Subordinating conjunction
After you’d left, I got a phone call from John.
Preposition
I went for a swim after breakfast.
Adverb
He died on June 1st and was buried the day
after.
24. Act as transitions between complete
ideas by indicating comparisons,
contrasts, results, and other
relationships
connect two independent clauses
26. When to Use Common Conjunctive Adverbs:
Reason Conjunctive Adverb
To communicate addition also, furthermore, besides
To communicate contrast however, still, nevertheless,
instead, otherwise
To communicate comparison similarly, likewise
To introduce a result/summary therefore, thus, consequently,
accordingly, hence, then
To indicate time next, then, meanwhile, finally
To communicate emphasis indeed, certainly
27. The doctor did help my back problem;
however, I still experience occasional pain.
The earthquake damaged the wall structure.
Moreover, it broke some water pipes.
My hay fever grew worse. I, nevertheless,
refused to remain inside.
31. After
Although
As
As long as
As soon as
As though
Because
Before
Even if
Even though
How
If
In order that
Lest
Now that
Provided
Since
So that
Than
That
Though
Till
Unless
Until
When
Whenever
Where
Wherever
while
32. Before we planted seeds, we
fertilized the garden.
I’ve never done this before.
I want this done before Monday.
33. Where are you going?
Their job is to go where they are
called.
He is looking for a house where he
can have peace.
34. I have known him since last year.
I have loved you since I first met you.
I had seen him previously, but hadn’t seen
him since.
35. He didn’t wake up early. He was late for work.
The festival was to be held today. It was
cancelled.
The thunder and lightning were intense. The
crowd dispersed.
36. The methological gods had unearthly powers.
They possessed many human frailties.
You have to open your umbrella. You’ll get
wet.
Conjunctive adverbs act like conjunctions.
They are adverbs.