We'll look at a typical first PHP application, review a few of the horrible mistakes the fictional developer made, and then refactor the app according to some best practices. Along the way you might even learn a thing or two about PHP you don't already know. Presented at Memphis PHP on Feb 23, 2012.

1. PHP 102 Out with the Bad, In with the Good Memphis PHP, February 23, 2012

4. Why Did You Start Programming?

5. I wanted to solve problems, but . . .

6. . . . I frequently caused as many problems as I solved.

8. Make horrible mistakes

9. Correct those mistakes

10. Make a cool improvement

11. Learn something?

14. Add books

15. Edit books

18. View (index.php)

19. Form (book-form.php)

20. Form processor (process-form.php)

21. index.php – db connection <?php $db = realpath ( dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/data/db/bookshelf.db' ); $dsn = &quot;sqlite: $db &quot; ; $options = array ( PDO :: ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO :: ERRMODE_EXCEPTION , PDO :: ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO :: FETCH_ASSOC ); try { $dbh = new PDO ( $dsn , null , null , $options ); } catch ( PDOException $e ) { echo &quot;Error!: &quot; . $e -> getMessage() . &quot;<br /> &quot; ; die (); } $books = $dbh -> query( &quot; SELECT * FROM bookshelf ORDER BY title&quot; ) -> fetchAll();

22. index.php – db connection <?php $db = realpath ( dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/data/db/bookshelf.db' ); $dsn = &quot;sqlite: $db &quot; ; $options = array ( PDO :: ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO :: ERRMODE_EXCEPTION , PDO :: ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO :: FETCH_ASSOC ); try { $dbh = new PDO ($dsn, null , null , $options); } catch ( PDOException $e) { echo &quot;Error!: &quot; . $e -> getMessage() . &quot;<br />&quot;; die (); } $books = $dbh -> query(&quot; SELECT * FROM bookshelf ORDER BY title&quot;) -> fetchAll() ;

23. index.php – db connection <?php $db = realpath ( dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/data/db/bookshelf.db'); $dsn = &quot;sqlite:$db&quot;; $options = array ( PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION , PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC ); try { $dbh = new PDO ( $dsn , null , null , $options ); } catch ( PDOException $e ) { echo &quot;Error!: &quot; . $e -> getMessage() . &quot;<br /> &quot; ; die (); } $books = $dbh -> query(&quot; SELECT * FROM bookshelf ORDER BY title&quot;) -> fetchAll();

24. index.php – db connection <?php $db = realpath ( dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/data/db/bookshelf.db'); $dsn = &quot;sqlite:$db&quot;; $options = array ( PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION , PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC ); try { $dbh = new PDO ($dsn, null , null , $options); } catch ( PDOException $e) { echo &quot;Error!: &quot; . $e -> getMessage() . &quot;<br />&quot;; die (); } $books = $dbh -> query( &quot; SELECT * FROM bookshelf ORDER BY title&quot; ) -> fetchAll();

25. index.php

26. index.php – books table <?php if ( count ( $books ) > 0 ): ?> < table > < tr > < th > Title </ th >< th > Author </ th > </ tr > <?php foreach ( $books as $book ): ?> < tr > < td > < a href= &quot;book-form.php?id=<?php echo $book ['id']; ?>&quot; > <?php echo $book [ 'title' ]; ?> </ a > </ td > < td > <?php echo $book [ 'author' ]; ?> </ td > </ tr > <?php endforeach ; ?> </ table > <?php else : ?> < p > We have no books! </ p > <?php endif ; ?>

27. index.php – books table <?php if ( count ( $books ) > 0 ): ?> < table > < tr > < th > Title </ th >< th > Author </ th > </ tr > <?php foreach ( $books as $book ): ?> < tr > < td > < a href= &quot;book-form.php?id=<?php echo $book ['id']; ?>&quot; > <?php echo $book [ 'title' ]; ?> </ a > </ td > < td > <?php echo $book [ 'author' ]; ?> </ td > </ tr > <?php endforeach ; ?> </ table > <?php else : ?> < p >We have no books!</ p > <?php endif ; ?>

28. index.php – books table <?php if ( count ($books) > 0): ?> < table > < tr > < th >Title</ th >< th >Author</ th > </ tr > <?php foreach ( $books as $book ): ?> < tr > < td > < a href= &quot;book-form.php?id=<?php echo $book ['id']; ?>&quot; > <?php echo $book [ 'title' ]; ?> </ a > </ td > < td > <?php echo $book [ 'author' ]; ?> </ td > </ tr > <?php endforeach ; ?> </ table > <?php else : ?> < p >We have no books!</ p > <?php endif ; ?>

29. index.php – books table <?php if ( count ($books) > 0): ?> < table > < tr > < th >Title</ th >< th >Author</ th > </ tr > <?php foreach ($books as $book): ?> < tr > < td > < a href=&quot;book-form.php?id=<?php echo $book['id']; ?>&quot;> <?php echo $book['title']; ?> </ a > </ td > < td > <?php echo $book['author']; ?> </ td > </ tr > <?php endforeach ; ?> </ table > <?php else : ?> < p > We have no books! </ p > <?php endif ; ?>

31. book-form.php

32. book-form.php <?php $id = empty ( $_GET [ 'id' ]) ? null : $_GET [ 'id' ]; if ( $id ) { // Database connection code $book = $dbh -> query( &quot; SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = $id &quot; ) -> fetch(); $title = $book [ 'title' ]; $author = $book [ 'author' ]; }

33. book-form.php <?php $id = empty ( $_GET [ 'id' ]) ? null : $_GET [ 'id' ]; if ($id) { // Database connection code $book = $dbh -> query(&quot; SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = $id&quot;) -> fetch(); $title = $book['title']; $author = $book['author']; }

34. book-form.php <?php $id = empty ($_GET['id']) ? null : $_GET['id']; if ( $id ) { // Database connection code $book = $dbh -> query( &quot; SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = $id &quot; ) -> fetch(); $title = $book [ 'title' ]; $author = $book [ 'author' ]; }

35. book-form.php < form method= &quot;post&quot; action= &quot;process-book.php&quot; > < input type= &quot;hidden&quot; id= &quot;id&quot; name= &quot;id&quot; value= &quot;<?php echo $id ; ?>&quot; /> < dl > < dt > < label for= &quot;title&quot; > Title </ label > </ dt > < dd > < input type= &quot;text&quot; id= &quot;title&quot; name= &quot;title&quot; value= &quot;<?php echo $title ; ?>&quot; /> </ dd > < dt > < label for= &quot;author&quot; > Author </ label > </ dt > < dd > < input type= &quot;text&quot; id= &quot;author&quot; name= &quot;author&quot; value= &quot;<?php echo $author ; ?>&quot; /> </ dd > < dt > &nbsp; </ dt > < dd > < input type= &quot;submit&quot; value= &quot;Submit&quot; /> </ dd > </ dl > </ form >

36. book-form.php < form method= &quot;post&quot; action= &quot;process-book.php&quot; > < input type=&quot;hidden&quot; id=&quot;id&quot; name=&quot;id&quot; value= &quot;<?php echo $id ; ?>&quot; /> < dl > < dt > < label for=&quot;title&quot;>Title</ label > </ dt > < dd > < input type=&quot;text&quot; id=&quot;title&quot; name=&quot;title&quot; value= &quot;<?php echo $title ; ?>&quot; /> </ dd > < dt > < label for=&quot;author&quot;>Author</ label > </ dt > < dd > < input type=&quot;text&quot; id=&quot;author&quot; name=&quot;author&quot; value= &quot;<?php echo $author ; ?>&quot; /> </ dd > < dt > &nbsp; </ dt > < dd > < input type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;Submit&quot; /> </ dd > </ dl > </ form >

37. process-book.php <?php if ( strtolower ( $_SERVER [ 'REQUEST_METHOD' ]) == 'get' ) { header ( &quot;Location: /&quot; ); } // Database connection code if ( empty ( $_POST [ 'id' ])) { $sql = &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) &quot; . &quot;VALUES ('{ $_POST ['title']}', '{ $_POST ['author']}')&quot; ; $dbh -> exec( $sql ); } else { $sql = &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = '{ $_POST ['title']}', &quot; . &quot;author = '{ $_POST ['author']}' WHERE id = { $_POST ['id']}&quot; ; $dbh -> exec( $sql ); } header ( &quot;Location: /&quot; );

38. process-book.php <?php if ( strtolower ( $_SERVER [ 'REQUEST_METHOD' ]) == 'get' ) { header ( &quot;Location: /&quot; ); } // Database connection code if ( empty ($_POST['id'])) { $sql = &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) &quot; . &quot;VALUES ('{$_POST['title']}', '{$_POST['author']}')&quot;; $dbh -> exec($sql); } else { $sql = &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = '{$_POST['title']}', &quot; . &quot;author = '{$_POST['author']}' WHERE id = {$_POST['id']}&quot;; $dbh -> exec($sql); } header (&quot;Location: /&quot;);

39. process-book.php <?php if ( strtolower ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) == 'get') { header (&quot;Location: /&quot;); } // Database connection code if ( empty ($_POST['id'])) { $sql = &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) &quot; . &quot;VALUES ('{$_POST['title']}', '{$_POST['author']}')&quot;; $dbh -> exec($sql); } else { $sql = &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = '{$_POST['title']}', &quot; . &quot;author = '{$_POST['author']}' WHERE id = {$_POST['id']}&quot;; $dbh -> exec($sql); } header (&quot;Location: /&quot;);

40. process-book.php <?php if ( strtolower ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) == 'get') { header (&quot;Location: /&quot;); } // Database connection code if ( empty ( $_POST [ 'id' ])) { $sql = &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) &quot; . &quot;VALUES ('{ $_POST ['title']}', '{ $_POST ['author']}')&quot; ; $dbh -> exec( $sql ); } else { $sql = &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = '{$_POST['title']}', &quot; . &quot;author = '{$_POST['author']}' WHERE id = {$_POST['id']}&quot;; $dbh -> exec($sql); } header (&quot;Location: /&quot;);

41. process-book.php <?php if ( strtolower ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) == 'get') { header (&quot;Location: /&quot;); } // Database connection code if ( empty ($_POST['id'])) { $sql = &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) &quot; . &quot;VALUES ('{$_POST['title']}', '{$_POST['author']}')&quot;; $dbh -> exec($sql); } else { $sql = &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = '{ $_POST ['title']}', &quot; . &quot;author = '{ $_POST ['author']}' WHERE id = { $_POST ['id']}&quot; ; $dbh -> exec( $sql ); } header (&quot;Location: /&quot;);

42. process-book.php <?php if ( strtolower ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) == 'get') { header (&quot;Location: /&quot;); } // Database connection code if ( empty ($_POST['id'])) { $sql = &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) &quot; . &quot;VALUES ('{$_POST['title']}', '{$_POST['author']}')&quot;; $dbh -> exec($sql); } else { $sql = &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = '{$_POST['title']}', &quot; . &quot;author = '{$_POST['author']}' WHERE id = {$_POST['id']}&quot;; $dbh -> exec($sql); } header ( &quot;Location: /&quot; );

44. Input isn't filtered

45. Output isn't escaped

46. User-provided data used in SQL

48. Maintenance nightmare

49. The next developer will want to kill you

50. And your family

51. And your pets

53. base.php <?php date_default_timezone_set ('America/Chicago'); error_reporting ( - 1); ini_set ('display_errors', 1); ini_set ('display_startup_errors', 1); $db = realpath ( dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/../data/db/bookshelf.db' ); $dsn = &quot;sqlite: $db &quot; ; $options = array ( PDO :: ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO :: ERRMODE_EXCEPTION , PDO :: ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO :: FETCH_ASSOC ); try { $dbh = new PDO ( $dsn , null , null , $options ); } catch ( PDOException $e ) { throw $e ; echo &quot;Error!: &quot; . $e -> getMessage() . &quot;<br /> &quot; ; die (); }

54. base.php <?php date_default_timezone_set ( 'America/Chicago' ); error_reporting ( - 1); ini_set ('display_errors', 1); ini_set ('display_startup_errors', 1); $db = realpath ( dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/../data/db/bookshelf.db'); $dsn = &quot;sqlite:$db&quot;; $options = array ( PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION , PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC ); try { $dbh = new PDO ($dsn, null , null , $options); } catch ( PDOException $e) { throw $e; echo &quot;Error!: &quot; . $e -> getMessage() . &quot;<br />&quot;; die (); }

55. base.php <?php date_default_timezone_set ('America/Chicago'); error_reporting ( - 1 ); ini_set ( 'display_errors' , 1 ); ini_set ( 'display_startup_errors' , 1 ); $db = realpath ( dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/../data/db/bookshelf.db'); $dsn = &quot;sqlite:$db&quot;; $options = array ( PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION , PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC ); try { $dbh = new PDO ($dsn, null , null , $options); } catch ( PDOException $e) { throw $e; echo &quot;Error!: &quot; . $e -> getMessage() . &quot;<br />&quot;; die (); }

57. Duplication removed, but . . .

59. We echo $title and $author < form method=&quot;post&quot; action=&quot;process-book.php&quot;> < input type=&quot;hidden&quot; id=&quot;id&quot; name=&quot;id&quot; value=&quot;<?php echo $id; ?>&quot; /> < dl > < dt > < label for=&quot;title&quot;>Title</ label > </ dt > < dd > < input type=&quot;text&quot; id=&quot;title&quot; name=&quot;title&quot; value= &quot;<?php echo $title ; ?>&quot; /> </ dd > < dt > < label for=&quot;author&quot;>Author</ label > </ dt > < dd > < input type=&quot;text&quot; id=&quot;author&quot; name=&quot;author&quot; value= &quot;<?php echo $author ; ?>&quot; /> </ dd > < dt > &nbsp; </ dt > < dd > < input type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;Submit&quot; /> </ dd > </ dl > </ form >

60. Without defining $title and $author require_once dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/library/base.php' ; $id = empty ( $_GET [ 'id' ]) ? null : $_GET [ 'id' ]; if ( $id ) { $book = $dbh -> query( . . . ) -> fetch(); $title = $book [ 'title' ]; $author = $book [ 'author' ]; }

61. Super easy to fix require_once dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/library/base.php'; $id = empty ($_GET['id']) ? null : $_GET['id']; $title = null ; $author = null ; if ($id) { $book = $dbh -> query( . . . ) -> fetch(); $title = $book['title']; $author = $book['author']; }

64. Defend against XSS

65. http://xkcd.com/327/

70. Help protect against SQL injection

71. Easier to read and maintain

72. book-form.php: Before $book = $dbh -> query( &quot; SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = $id &quot; ) -> fetch();

73. book-form.php: After $statement = $dbh -> prepare( ' SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = :id' ); $statement -> bindParam( ':id' , $id ); $statement -> execute(); $book = $statement -> fetch();

74. book-form.php: After $statement = $dbh -> prepare (' SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = :id'); $statement -> bindParam(':id', $id); $statement -> execute(); $book = $statement -> fetch();

75. book-form.php: After $statement = $dbh -> prepare( ' SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = :id' ); $statement -> bindParam(':id', $id); $statement -> execute(); $book = $statement -> fetch();

76. book-form.php: After $statement = $dbh -> prepare(' SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = :id'); $statement -> bindParam( ':id' , $id ); $statement -> execute(); $book = $statement -> fetch();

77. book-form.php: After $statement = $dbh -> prepare(' SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = :id'); $statement -> bindParam(':id', $id); $statement -> execute(); $book = $statement -> fetch();

78. process-book.php: Before if ( empty ( $_POST [ 'id' ])) { $sql = &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) &quot; . &quot;VALUES ('{ $_POST ['title']}', '{ $_POST ['author']}')&quot; ; $dbh -> exec( $sql ); } else { $sql = &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = '{ $_POST ['title']}', &quot; . &quot;author = '{ $_POST ['author']}' WHERE id = { $_POST ['id']}&quot; ; $dbh -> exec( $sql ); }

79. process-book.php: After if ( $id ) { $statement = $dbh -> prepare( &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = :title, author = :author WHERE id = :id&quot; ); $statement -> bindParam( ':title' , $title ); $statement -> bindParam( ':author' , $author ); $statement -> bindParam( ':id' , $id ); $statement -> execute(); } else { $statement = $dbh -> prepare( &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) VALUES (:title, :author)&quot; ); $statement -> bindParam( ':title' , $title ); $statement -> bindParam( ':author' , $author ); $statement -> execute(); }

80. process-book.php: After if ( $id ) { $statement = $dbh -> prepare( &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = :title, author = :author WHERE id = :id&quot; ); $statement -> bindParam(':title', $title); $statement -> bindParam(':author', $author); $statement -> bindParam(':id', $id); $statement -> execute(); } else { $statement = $dbh -> prepare( &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) VALUES (:title, :author)&quot; ); $statement -> bindParam(':title', $title); $statement -> bindParam(':author', $author); $statement -> execute(); }

81. process-book.php: After if ($id) { $statement = $dbh -> prepare(&quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = :title, author = :author WHERE id = :id&quot;); $statement -> bindParam( ':title' , $title ); $statement -> bindParam( ':author' , $author ); $statement -> bindParam( ':id' , $id ); $statement -> execute(); } else { $statement = $dbh -> prepare(&quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) VALUES (:title, :author)&quot;); $statement -> bindParam( ':title' , $title ); $statement -> bindParam( ':author' , $author ); $statement -> execute(); }

82. process-book.php: After if ($id) { $statement = $dbh -> prepare(&quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = :title, author = :author WHERE id = :id&quot;); $statement -> bindParam(':title', $title); $statement -> bindParam(':author', $author); $statement -> bindParam(':id', $id); $statement -> execute(); } else { $statement = $dbh -> prepare(&quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) VALUES (:title, :author)&quot;); $statement -> bindParam(':title', $title); $statement -> bindParam(':author', $author); $statement -> execute(); }

84. Object model rewritten for PHP 5

85. Unused in this app (besides PDO)

87. Take advantage of namespaces

89. Testability

91. Namespace: Bookshelfervice

92. Location: library/Bookshelf/Service

93. Filename: BookshelfService.php

94. PSR-0 compliant

95. (The class name should mirror its location in the file system)

96. BookshelfService.php namespace Bookshelfervice; class BookshelfService { private $_dbh ; public function __construct (PDO $dbh ) { } public function find ( $id ) { } public function findAll () { } public function save ( array $options ) { } }

97. BookshelfService.php private $_dbh ; public function __construct (PDO $dbh ) { $this -> _dbh = $dbh ; }

98. BookshelfService.php public function find ( $id ) { $sql = ' SELECT * FROM bookshelf WHERE id = :id' ; $statement = $this -> _dbh -> prepare( $sql ); $statement -> bindParam( ':id' , $id ); $statement -> execute(); return $statement -> fetch(); } public function findAll () { $sql = ' SELECT * FROM bookshelf ORDER BY title' ; return $this -> _dbh -> query( $sql ) -> fetchAll(); }

99. BookshelfService.php public function save ( array $options ) { if ( $options [ 'id' ]) { $statement = $this -> _dbh -> prepare( &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = :title, author = :author WHERE id = :id&quot; ); $statement -> execute( $options ); } else { unset ( $options [ 'id' ]); $statement = $this -> _dbh -> prepare( &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) VALUES (:title, :author)&quot; ); $statement -> execute( $options ); } }

101. base.php set_include_path ( implode ( PATH_SEPARATOR , array ( get_include_path (), dirname ( __FILE__ ) ) ) );

102. base.php function autoload ( $className ) { $className = ltrim ( $className , ' ' ); $fileName = '' ; $namespace = '' ; if ( $lastNsPos = strripos ( $className , ' ' )) { $namespace = substr ( $className , 0 , $lastNsPos ); $className = substr ( $className , $lastNsPos + 1 ); $fileName = str_replace ( ' ' , DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR , $namespace ) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR ; } $fileName .= str_replace ( '_' , DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR , $className ) . '.php' ; require $fileName ; } spl_autoload_register ( 'autoload' );

103. base.php // database connection code $bookshelf = new BookshelferviceBookshelfService ( $dbh );

104. And now for some before and after shots . . .

105. index.php: Before <?php require_once dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/library/base.php' ; $books = $dbh -> query( &quot; SELECT * FROM bookshelf ORDER BY title&quot; ) -> fetchAll(); ?>

106. index.php: After <?php require_once dirname ( __FILE__ ) . '/library/base.php' ; $books = $bookshelf -> findAll(); ?>

107. book-form.php: Before if ( $id ) { $statement = $dbh -> prepare( ' SELECT title, author FROM bookshelf WHERE id = :id' ); $statement -> bindParam( ':id' , $id ); $statement -> execute(); $book = $statement -> fetch(); $title = $book['title']; $author = $book['author']; }

108. book-form.php: After if ( $id ) { $book = $bookshelf -> find( $id ); $title = $book['title']; $author = $book['author']; }

109. process-book.php: Before if ( $id ) { $statement = $dbh -> prepare( &quot; UPDATE bookshelf SET title = :title, author = :author WHERE id = :id&quot; ); $statement -> bindParam( ':title' , $title ); $statement -> bindParam( ':author' , $author ); $statement -> bindParam( ':id' , $id ); $statement -> execute(); } else { $statement = $dbh -> prepare( &quot; INSERT INTO bookshelf (title, author) VALUES (:title, :author)&quot; ); $statement -> bindParam( ':title' , $title ); $statement -> bindParam( ':author' , $author ); $statement -> execute(); }

110. process-book.php: After $book = array ( 'id' => $id , 'title' => $title , 'author' => $author ); $bookshelf -> save( $book );

112. Made and corrected some typical mistakes

114. Filtering and escaping

115. Object model

118. PHP Manual: http://www.php.net/manual/en/index.php

119. CSI: PHP http://csiphp.com

120. PHP 101 Suggestions: http://csiphp.com/blog/2011/07/19/stop-doing-it-wrong-and-learn-to-code-good-too/

121. PHP 101: PHP for the Absolute Beginner: http://devzone.zend.com/6/php-101-php-for-the-absolute-beginner/

122. PHPDeveloper.org http://phpdeveloper.org/

123. php|architect: http://www.phparch.com/