LEGALIZATION OF ABORTION 5 LEGALIZATION OF ABORTION Legalization of Abortion Fernando Fuentes SYG2323.004 David Manning 04/16/2020 -See comments below. -Secondary data analysis section is too limited and you need to use the sources you have listed on the reference page to make your points in this section. You have several journals listed so you need more secondary data analysis in this section. See feedback in this section. -Citations: I see what your doing here its not Levitt the correct citations is Donohue, and Levitt (2019) so you can’t have one authors name without the other and you need the year too. -Theory: I think rational choice theory was Siegels version of Free Will or classical theory by Adler, Mueller and Laufer (2018). You need to look at our lecture outlines in canvas and just use our textbook to define Free Will and then in one paragraph apply it to your topic without secondary data analysis. Your journal secondary data analysis belongs in your secondary data analysis section. -Findings and Abstract should match up much better. Abstract The legalization of abortion has been a public health and social issues for many decades. This paper discusses issues surrounding abortion and why it should be legalized (do you mean should remain legalized, because it has been since the mid 70s in the USA?). The paper utilizes two theories: Free will theory, which argues that individuals should be allowed to make decisions or choose between different available courses of action without impediment. Supreme Court affirmed this through its 1973 decision on women's right to decide whether to have a child or not. Routine Activities theory describes how offenders commit crimes partially based on their normal ordinary activities and decisions. In this paper, data was not collected, but secondary data was explored. The paper concludes that safe and legal abortions have not only promoted the quality of life for women but also reduced the crime rates over the last two decades. Are there examples of it decreasing the crime rates? If so, they should also be here. Introduction The debate surrounding the legalization of abortion has been actively discussed since the 1973 Roe vs. Wade case. The Supreme Court, at the time, legalized abortion but set specific conditions for the practice. Since then, legal and safe abortions have been conducted across America by certified medical practitioners. However, this might soon change as anti-abortion movements continue to call for its illegalization. The decision to terminate the pregnancy seems to be associated with women's health as one of the fundamental rights. The Supreme Court ruling in 1973 reaffirms the right of women to decide on whether to have a child or not (Kimuyu, 2017). In such a case, the free will theory is applicable in legalizing abortion. Routine Activities theory describes how offenders commit crimes partially based on their normal ordinary activities and decision.

1. LEGALIZATION OF ABORTION
5
LEGALIZATION OF ABORTION
Legalization of Abortion
Fernando Fuentes
SYG2323.004
David Manning
04/16/2020
-See comments below.
-Secondary data analysis section is too limited and you need to
use the sources you have listed on the reference page to make
your points in this section. You have several journals listed so
you need more secondary data analysis in this section. See
feedback in this section.
-Citations: I see what your doing here its not Levitt the correct
citations is Donohue, and Levitt (2019) so you can’t have one
authors name without the other and you need the year too.
-Theory: I think rational choice theory was Siegels version of
Free Will or classical theory by Adler, Mueller and Laufer
(2018). You need to look at our lecture outlines in canvas and
just use our textbook to define Free Will and then in one
paragraph apply it to your topic without secondary data
analysis. Your journal secondary data analysis belongs in your
secondary data analysis section.
-Findings and Abstract should match up much better.

2. Abstract
The legalization of abortion has been a public health and social
issues for many decades. This paper discusses issues
surrounding abortion and why it should be legalized (do you
mean should remain legalized, because it has been since the mid
70s in the USA?). The paper utilizes two theories: Free will
theory, which argues that individuals should be allowed to make
decisions or choose between different available courses of
action without impediment. Supreme Court affirmed this
through its 1973 decision on women's right to decide whether to
have a child or not. Routine Activities theory describes how
offenders commit crimes partially based on their normal
ordinary activities and decisions. In this paper, data was not
collected, but secondary data was explored. The paper
concludes that safe and legal abortions have not only promoted
the quality of life for women but also reduced the crime rates
over the last two decades. Are there examples of it decreasing
the crime rates? If so, they should also be here.
Introduction

3. The debate surrounding the legalization of abortion has been
actively discussed since the 1973 Roe vs. Wade case. The
Supreme Court, at the time, legalized abortion but set specific
conditions for the practice. Since then, legal and safe abortions
have been conducted across America by certified medical
practitioners. However, this might soon change as anti-abortion
movements continue to call for its illegalization. The decision
to terminate the pregnancy seems to be associated with women's
health as one of the fundamental rights. The Supreme Court
ruling in 1973 reaffirms the right of women to decide on
whether to have a child or not (Kimuyu, 2017). In such a case,
the free will theory is applicable in legalizing abortion. Routine
Activities theory describes how offenders commit crimes
partially based on their normal ordinary activities and
decisions. Women should be allowed to choose between
different courses of action unobstructed regarding the
termination of unwanted pregnancies. Therefore, free will can
be applied to justify the legalization of abortions, not only in
America but across the world.
Secondary Data Analysis
Safe and legal abortions have promoted the quality of life for
women in the last two decades. Over the years, much research
has been conducted about the legalization of abortions. This
research paper is based on previous studies conducted by
various authors over the last few years. Levitt's perspective
about abortion does not account for the many social forces that
influence abortion decisions in society (Chernomas & Hudson,
2013). Crime rates unexpectedly started declining in America
from about 1991 as a result of the legalization of abortion in the
country. This realization thus suggests that this article was right
in the analysis; the legalization of abortion translates to a
decline in crime rates (Donohue, & Levitt, 2019). Donohue and
Levitt (2019) research was conducted under two assumptions;
aborted babies were unwanted and that the unwanted babies
were likely to become criminals in the future.
Religiosity influences the negative attitudes and perceptions of

4. abortions in society. Americans who are more religious and
believe in God are the greatest opposition to abortions. The holy
books used as a guide for many religious people condemn the
taking of innocent life. Religious people believe that
preservation of life is mandatory under all circumstances
(Unnever, Bartkowski, & Cullen, 2010). Upholding life ethics
among religious people includes rejecting abortion. The study
by Unnever, Bartkowski and Cullen (2010) offers a partial
assessment of religious ideas for a consistent life ethic by
evaluating the relationship between God and the religious
believer, which brings opposition to abortion. However, this is
against the free will approach to justify abortion without
impeding the decision-maker.
Free Will Theory
While secondary data is easier to find and utilize, primary data
yields more accurate results in research as long as other factors
are well-controlled. The illegalization of safe abortions may
adversely affect the female gender. The free will theory allows
individuals and, in this case, women the right to make decisions
about whether to have a baby or not. The argument is linked to
the concept of moral responsibilities, praise, sin, as well as
personal judgments that apply to the freely chosen actions.
Women and young teenage girls are the people who have to deal
with the availability or absence of abortion services. As such,
they are the people who should mainly be involved as research
participants. Donohue and Levitt (2019) state that medical
practitioners, as well as law enforcement officers, should also
be asked to give their opinion about the medical implication of
either legalization or abolition of abortions.
Routine Activities theory
The Routine Activities theory that evolves from the rational
choice theory states that criminal activity is committed when a
target is available, a motivated offender exists, and there is no
guardian to monitor or control the offender (Adler, Mueller, &
Laufer, 2018). With this in mind, it is easy to understand the

5. source of crime in society. The unwanted babies are often
abandoned or raised in the streets are motivated to commit a
crime to fend for their needs. Also, the lack of a responsible
guardian to control unwanted children makes it easier for them
to commit crimes (Donohue & Levitt, 2019). This theory,
therefore, supports that the legalization of abortions can reduce
crime in society.
Methodology (Primary Data Collection Not Conducted But
Explored)
The research methodology will combine the use of surveys as
well as statistical correlation analysis to establish the
relationship between abortions and crime. Survey research is the
systematic collection of respondents’ answers to questionnaires
or interviews (Adler, Mueller, & Laufer, 2018). In this case,
surveys can be conducted, and questionnaires would be used to
collect primary data whenever necessary. Conducting surveys
that involve the use of open-ended questionnaires creates an
opportunity for the researcher to gain reliable information from
the affected parties (Chernomas, & Hudson, 2013). Some of the
questions that should be included in the survey questionnaires
include;
1. Should safe and legal abortions be allowed in the world?
2. Can the legalization of abortions increase or decrease the
budget allocation for the criminal justice department?
3. Does the legalization of abortions reduce crime rates in
America?
4. What is the public opinion about the issues around abortion
legalization?
5. What is the current legal situation?
Discussion & Conclusions
Based on the secondary data utilized for this activity, the
legalization of abortion does not only promote the quality of
life for women, but it also reduces the crime rates. Donohue and
Levitt (2019) say illegal abortion cases also make up part of the
criminal records in the country. Abolition of abortion will not
reduce the number of abortions but will instead mean that

6. women are at risk of developing life-threating complications
while undergoing illegal and unsafe procedures. Although
religion influences negative attitudes about abortion, the same
religion can be used to spread awareness and support the
legalization of safe abortions nationwide (Donohue, & Levitt,
2019).
In conclusion, safe and legal abortions have not only promoted
the quality of life for women but also reduced the crime rates
over the last two decades. Fewer children have been found
either dead or abandoned since abortion was legalized
(Chernomas, & Hudson, 2013). The debate should not be
politicized but preferably conducted in a manner that leads to
the best decision that promotes social welfare.
References
Adler, F., Laufer, W., & Mueller, G. (2018). Criminology 9th
edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Chernomas, R., & Hudson, I. (2013). Steven Levitt on Abortion
and Crime: Old Economics in New Bottles. American Journal of
Economics and Sociology, 72(3), 675-700. Retrieved from
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23526056
Donohue, J. J., & Levitt, S. D. (2019). The Impact of Legalized
Abortion on Crime over the Last Two Decades (No. w25863).
National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from
https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-
content/uploads/BFI_WP_201975.pdf
Kimuyu, P. (2017). Should Abortion Be Legalized?. GRIN
Verlag. Not complete.
Unnever, J. D., Bartkowski, J. P., & Cullen, F. T. (2010). God
imagery and opposition to abortion and capital punishment: A
partial test of religious support for a consistent life ethic.
Sociology of Religion, 71(3), 307-322. Retrieved from
https://www.jstor.org/stable/40961207

7. 1
SYG2323: Criminology
SFC/Manning
Research Term Paper (100 points possible)
See your syllabus for the due date______
You have already picked your research topic for your research
paper when you completed
writing assignment number two. You are to use the knowledge
gained from our other writing
assignments and class discussions throughout the course of this
semester to complete your own research
project (primarily based on secondary data analysis, and the
application of theory). Your essay needs to
include the following: a cover page, a brief abstract (half page
max), an introduction (with your revised
thesis statement from WA2 included), secondary data analysis
of at least three credible (published)
journal articles that you have found( including your revised

8. version of WA2), a brief application of
theory (revised WA2), a brief hypothetical exploration of the
methodology you would use for collecting
primary data on your research topic (revised WA2), an
exploration of your findings, discussion, and
your conclusions. Be sure to use the sub headers listed below
under the research process. All sources
for this assignment must have a publication year, at least three
must be from scholarly journals with
author’s names, titles, publishers, vol. and issue numbers. You
will lose points if you list URL/website
address for in-text citations, or use dictionary.com or Wikipedia
to define terms (Use your textbook).
Your complete term paper must be no less than four pages long
with an eight page max. You can find a
term paper grading rubrics on the cover of your syllabus.
The Research Process Explored (use the following format as
subtitles):
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology: Analyze secondary data
Theory

9. Methodology (primary data collection not conducted but
explored)
Findings
Discussion & Conclusions
References
Show your ability to apply terminology from the assigned
readings and class discussions into your essay. It is
very important to note that this class is a discipline specific
writing class and we will be using APA style citations.
You must demonstrate the ability to use the APA style tools you
have learned in-class in all your writing
assignments this semester.
This essay must be written in proper left align paragraph format
including all the above listed steps to a
research project. Be sure to write everything in detail so that
any novice would understand the topic you are
exploring in your essay. And do not (don’t) use abbreviations.
The cover page should include your term paper title, your name,
class meeting time and date centered in
the middle of the page. The writing assignment should be in

10. proper left align paragraph format. Use the provided
sub headers. The body of the text should be double spaced
using a 10 or 12 font size with 1” borders. The final
project should be at least four pages long (not including cover
and reference pages). Students must use proper
APA in-text citation and a reference page for source
documentation to give credit to another author’s work (and
include a reference page with the final project). To guarantee
the assignments do not accumulate late points
they must be turned in on or before the beginning of the class
period of the assigned due date. If you send the
assignments as an E-mail attachment, make sure your file is sent
as a MS Word or Rich Text Format (rtf)
document or I may not be able to open it—which is the same as
not receiving it. Remember, there is a loss of 5
points per each day the assignment is late (see syllabus).