2. “The passage through the states of
caregiving tends to permanently alter
the trajectory of the life-course,
detouring caregivers towards alternate
routes and destinations.”
3. Caregivers
There are only four kinds of people in this world:
Those who have been caregivers,
Those who currently are caregivers,
Those who will be caregivers, and
Those who will need caregivers.“
Rosalynn Carter
4. What is caregiving?
care·giv·er
Pronunciation: -ˌgi-vər
Function: noun
: a person who provides direct care (as for
children, elderly people, or the chronically ill)
— care·giv·ing -ˌgi-viŋ noun
5. What is stress?
Any change that necessitates
adaptation.
The response to this change
determines the impact stress can have
on your life
6. Caregiving: What it really
means
Love
Sacrifice
Sorrow
Reward
Resentment
Loss
Transition
Guilt
Anger
Empowerment
Family
7. Revising our definition of “caregiving”
“When one becomes a caregiver, one frequently
finds that the entirety of one’s life has been
restructured, both its social exterior and its
psychological consequences.”
8. How epilepsy is unique?
AD:
Relatively known course of illness
Predictability
Age of onset
More resources available
Seizure Disorder:
Course uncertain
Waiting for “when.”
Caregivers’ roles constantly vary
Age of onset
9. This can be a full
time job
Routinely making special arrangements with
the “team,”, therapists, and so on.
Structured, safe household
Foods
Places
10. Some quick facts related
to caregiving
Family caregivers who provide care 36
or more hours weekly are more likely
than noncaregivers to experience
symptoms of depression or anxiety. For
spouses the rate is six times higher; for
children caring for the parent the rate
is twice as high.
Cannuscio, C.C., Jones, C., Kawachi, I., Colditz, G.A., Berkman, L., & Rimm, E. (2002). Reverberation of
family illness: A longitudinal assessment of informal caregiver and mental health status in the
nurses’ health study. American Journal of Public Health (92), 305-1311.
11. Caregiving as a Career
“The caregiving career, therefore, is
not static: In addition to the present,
each phase embodies a history and
foreshadows a future”
Aneschensel et al. Profiles in caregiving (1995).
12. You don’t get to leave
your office
You can’t just “turn it off”
Huge emotional cost. Over time, this can lead to
a form of caretaker "burnout." For many, having
respite -- a chance to get away from home even
for a few hours a week -- can help reduce the
effects of stress. BUT……….
13. Often, caretakers continue to worry about day-
to-day responsibilities even during their brief
hours of respite. When this happens, they can
experience a drain on emotional well-being that
may impact them for some time to come.
15. SO what do we do?
Limit this emotional cost.
Admit that you will be affected.
Admit you MAY need help
Know what to look for
16. Components of
Stress
1. Physiological
Based on central nervous system arousal
2. Cognitive
Thoughts, self-statements, images associated
with perceived danger and uncontrollability
3. Behavioral
Escape, avoidance or disruption of performance
*The way these three components interact account
for spiraling effects of panic and anxiety
Craske, Meadows & Barlow (1994)
17. Here is what we look for
Physical
Feeling exhausted or lacking energy
Having problems breathing or chest pains
Increasing or high blood pressure
Racing heart rate
Grinding teeth during the day or at night
18. Here is what we look for
Thinking
Looking to blame situations or others
Having problems making decisions
Feeling out-of-control
Feeling confused
Having memory problems, confusion or poor
attention
Changing alertness
19. Here is what we look for
Emotional
Feeling anxious or guilt and/or grief
“I can’t do this on my own”
“I am not a good wife/mother/sister/brother.”
“I am angry at my father/mother”
Resentment
Feeling fatigue and agitated at the same
time
Struggling with hopelessness or
helplessness
Increasing irritability, fear, or intense
anger
20. Here is what we look for
Behavioral
Withdrawing from others
Unable to partake in daily tasks/chores
Laundry
Cooking
Self-care
Finances
Decisions put on hold
Eating more or less than usual
Increasing use of alcohol
Sleeping problems including insomnia and
nightmares
22. Additional Symptoms
Associated with Caregiver
Stress
Conflict with
spouse/children/extended family
Family gatherings become
strained
Abuse
Shame
Substance Abuse
Physical Illness
23. Caregiving and
Depression
Common in response to
constant demands of being a
caregiver
Caregiving does not cause
depression BUT caregivers
often sacrifice their own
physical and emotional need
Can manifest in various
ways
24. Caregiving and
Depression
Person who provides care
for someone with a
physical illness may be
more likely to suffer from
depression.
Women experience
depression at a higher
rate than men
25. Caregivers and
Depression: More on
Warning Signs!
Sadness and crying that won’t go away
Increased irritability
Ongoing fights with family members and friends
Physical sickness
Ongoing headaches, digestive problems, chronic pain
Change in sleep and eating patterns
Loss of interest in people/activities you once
enjoyed
26. Caregivers and
Depression: Look for
Warning Signs!
Feel need to hurt/yell at the
person you care for
Depend too much on alcohol or
drugs
Prescribed pills
Increased inability to properly
care for self
ADLs
Shopping, bill paying, cleaning,
f/u appointments
27. Caregivers and Depression:
Look for Warning Signs!
Important to consider
manifestation of depressive
symptoms based on gender
Male caregivers deal with
depression differently
Less likely to admit and get
diagnosed
More likely to self-treat
Fewer support people
28. Coping Mechanisms to Deal
with Depressive or Anxious
Symptoms:
PMR
Breathing Retraining
Guided Imagery
Proper nutrition
Exercise
Scheduling of pleasurable events
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Medication
29. Coping Mechanisms to Deal
with Depressive or Anxious
Symptoms:
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Play detective or scientist
Daily Mood/Activity Records
Thought-Tracking Forms
Overcome negative self-talk: “both/and” thinking
Dichotomous thinking
Ask for the help you need
Accept help that is offered
What does it mean to you as a person to need to ask
for help?
You can’t ‘fix’ this!
Recognize and accept that you have the RIGHT to
time off
30. Practical Strategies to
Reduce Caregiver Stress:
Check in on your physical health
Sleep changes
Appetite changes
Aches/pains
Headaches
Stomach
Joints
Fatigue
Communicate with your physician
Ask questions, record important information,
bring family members with you to appointments
or sit in on phone calls
31. Practical Strategies to
Reduce Caregiver Stress:
Make a list of all individual caregiving-related
tasks for the purpose of delegating
Utilize all aspects of your social support
network!
Identify tasks that are easier to ask for help
with than others:
Running Errands
Household Chores
Providing occasional meals
Carpooling/babysitting
32. Practical Strategies to
Reduce Caregiver Stress:
Gather information from your
HR office (Family and Medical
Leave Act)
Keep an emergency contact
list with you at work of
information, doctors and
resources
33. Practical Strategies to
Reduce Caregiver
Stress:
Continue (but revise) family holidays,
celebrations and cultural/family rituals
Need for ongoing human connections and support!
predictability rather than ambiguity.
Importance of planning for the future, as this
leads to new things to hope for
From a TV show you enjoy every Friday to a
scheduled outing once per month with a friend
34. Areas of Consideration
within the Family Unit
Revision of family roles
Traditional roles/unspoken rules
Across generations
Awareness of family rules
“We will always take care of our
family.”
Are certain family members
‘excused’ from caregiving and
why?
35. Not a “One Size Fits All
Approach”
We must take into consideration caregivers’ unique characteristics
when implementing or offering caregiver programs with the goal of
reducing burden:
Cultural/Personal Factors
Who is caretaker? (adult child vs. spouses)
Resiliency of caretaker
Education of disease process
Race, sex, gender, level of acculturation
Needs differ based on
Financial situation
Employment situation
Education
Existing support network
Culture
36. Ask For Help!!!
Take steps before you reach a
crisis point.
The Catch-Up game
Asking for help does NOT make
you WEAK
38. Overview of Various Types of
Caregiver Support and
Interventions:
Workshops
Support Groups
Psychoeducational Groups
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Problem Solving Skills Groups Individual
Counseling and Behavioral Training
Family Therapy
Care coordination/management
Technological support (Teleconference,
internet)
39. The past is in our memories, the future in our
dreams, the present is our only reality.
Don’t let stress steal from you the present
moment.
LET IT GO, LET IT GO, RELAX, RELEASE AND
REVIVE