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Jeff Hammerbacher + Aaron Koblin




Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Rise of the Data Scientist




Tuesday, April 20, 2010
• Coding
                     • Statistics
                     • Visualization
                     • Communication


Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Rise of the Data Artist




Tuesday, April 20, 2010
• Coding
                     • Statistics
                     • Visualization
                     • Exploring, celebrating, and questioning


Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
A History of the DSM
                               (Abridged)



Tuesday, April 20, 2010
•   1917: APA produces
                                                            “Statistical Manual for
                                                            the Use of Institutions of
                                                            the Insane”

                                                        •   1943: Medical 203
                                 Emil Kraeplin
                                                        •   1949: ICD version 6
                     •    1840/1880 U.S. Census:            covers mental disorders
                          Categories and counts
                                                        •   1952: DSM-I is published
                     •    Late 19th century:
                          Kraeplin gets “clinical” at       •   130 pages
                          the Tartu University
                          Clinic in Estonia                 •   106 mental disorders



Tuesday, April 20, 2010
DSM: Evolution
                            Title     Year   Pages   Disorders
                            DSM I     1952   130       106
                           DSM II     1968   134       182
                           DSM III    1980   494       265
                          DSM III-R   1987   567       292
                           DSM IV     1994   886       297
                          DSM IV-TR   2000   943       365
                           DSM V      2013     ?         ?



Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Motivations

Tuesday, April 20, 2010
1. “81 Words that Changed the World”




Tuesday, April 20, 2010
2. War and Mental Health




Tuesday, April 20, 2010
3. Healthcare Reform



Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Understanding Mental Health




Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Impact on America
                     • 26.2 percent of American adults suffer from
                          a diagnosable mental disorder every year
                     • 6 percent of American adults suffer from a
                          serious mental illness
                     • $57.5B spent in 2006 to treat mental
                          disorders: equivalent to the amount spent
                          on cancer and the third-largest category of
                          expense in American health care today


Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Problem 1: Definition
                          Can we increase certainty in our ontology?


                     • ICD and DSM name different categories of
                     • DSM publishes four sourcebooks to detail
                           their empirical methodology and findings
                           • Volumes 1 - 3 are literature reviews
                           • Volume 4 has 40 re-analyses and 12 field
                             trials


Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Problem 2: Diagnosis
                      Can we recognize health as well as disorder?

                     • Diagnosis done using symptoms, not causes
                     • Decision trees and sample cases published
                          as supplements to the DSM
                     • Differential Diagnosis supplement highlights
                          similar disorders
                     • Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM
                     • Sill issues: “On being sane in insane places”
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Problem 3: Treatment
                          Can we heal effectively and at low cost?

                     • When a new disorder is identified, how is a
                          new treatment prototyped and developed?
                     • What are the cost and outcomes of existing
                          treatments?
                     • What does the drug development pipeline
                          look for critical disorders?
                     • How do non-drug treatment options
                          interact with treatment via drugs?

Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Project 1: Visualizing the DSM




Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Project 2: Redesigning the DSM




Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Healthcare
                          Communities Online

                     • Could we build a community resource
                          around the disorders identified in the DSM?
                     • Empower patients to discuss their disorder
                          with others
                     • Allow psychiatrists to debate definitions
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
The Benefits of a
                              Community
                     • Identify the most effective treatments and
                          locations for treatment
                     • Highlight where controversy still hides
                      • Recall discussions around homosexuality
                     • Potentially inform future versions of the
                          DSM


Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
“We need all kinds of minds”




Tuesday, April 20, 2010

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20100418sos

  • 1. Jeff Hammerbacher + Aaron Koblin Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 3. Rise of the Data Scientist Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 4. • Coding • Statistics • Visualization • Communication Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 5. Rise of the Data Artist Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 6. • Coding • Statistics • Visualization • Exploring, celebrating, and questioning Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 8. A History of the DSM (Abridged) Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 9. 1917: APA produces “Statistical Manual for the Use of Institutions of the Insane” • 1943: Medical 203 Emil Kraeplin • 1949: ICD version 6 • 1840/1880 U.S. Census: covers mental disorders Categories and counts • 1952: DSM-I is published • Late 19th century: Kraeplin gets “clinical” at • 130 pages the Tartu University Clinic in Estonia • 106 mental disorders Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 10. DSM: Evolution Title Year Pages Disorders DSM I 1952 130 106 DSM II 1968 134 182 DSM III 1980 494 265 DSM III-R 1987 567 292 DSM IV 1994 886 297 DSM IV-TR 2000 943 365 DSM V 2013 ? ? Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 12. 1. “81 Words that Changed the World” Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 13. 2. War and Mental Health Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 16. Impact on America • 26.2 percent of American adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder every year • 6 percent of American adults suffer from a serious mental illness • $57.5B spent in 2006 to treat mental disorders: equivalent to the amount spent on cancer and the third-largest category of expense in American health care today Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 18. Problem 1: Definition Can we increase certainty in our ontology? • ICD and DSM name different categories of • DSM publishes four sourcebooks to detail their empirical methodology and findings • Volumes 1 - 3 are literature reviews • Volume 4 has 40 re-analyses and 12 field trials Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 19. Problem 2: Diagnosis Can we recognize health as well as disorder? • Diagnosis done using symptoms, not causes • Decision trees and sample cases published as supplements to the DSM • Differential Diagnosis supplement highlights similar disorders • Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM • Sill issues: “On being sane in insane places” Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 20. Problem 3: Treatment Can we heal effectively and at low cost? • When a new disorder is identified, how is a new treatment prototyped and developed? • What are the cost and outcomes of existing treatments? • What does the drug development pipeline look for critical disorders? • How do non-drug treatment options interact with treatment via drugs? Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 21. Project 1: Visualizing the DSM Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 26. Project 2: Redesigning the DSM Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 27. Healthcare Communities Online • Could we build a community resource around the disorders identified in the DSM? • Empower patients to discuss their disorder with others • Allow psychiatrists to debate definitions Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 28. The Benefits of a Community • Identify the most effective treatments and locations for treatment • Highlight where controversy still hides • Recall discussions around homosexuality • Potentially inform future versions of the DSM Tuesday, April 20, 2010
  • 30. “We need all kinds of minds” Tuesday, April 20, 2010