1. History
Key Concepts
Tips on Shooting and Capturing Videos
Video Production Process
Adapted from: JADE V. VILLAREAL.

2.  Explain some key concepts in video.
 Enumerate and describe some tips in creating
good videos.
 Discuss the steps or processes involved in a
video production.

3. A bit of history…

4.  ~1877: Edward Muybridge and Leland Stanford

5.  1879: Edward Muybridge and his zoopraxiscope

6.  Thomas Edison (US):
kinetograph – motion
picture camera
kinetoscope - peep-
hole viewer

7.  The first U.S. copyright for an identifiable motion
picture was given to Edison for Fred Ott's Sneeze.

8.  The June 1894 Leonard–Cushing bout. Each of the
six one-minute rounds recorded by the
Kinetograph was made available to exhibitors for
$22.50.

9.  Lumiere Brothers (FR)
cinématographe—
apparatus that took,
printed, and projected
film

11. Key concepts

12.  Motion Picture History SLR Video FPS
Frames per Second.flv

13.  24 fps

14.  Frames vs Fields
 Frame = 1 complete picture
 Field = ½ frame in interlaced scanning

15.  Scanning: interlaced vs progressive scans

16.  Interlaced Scanning—scans the display twice,
using two fields, to complete a single frame
 Invented to improve quality of a video without
increasing bandwidth
 Used for CRT televisions

19.  Progressive scanning—each line is scanned
consecutively until a complete frame is drawn
 Results in a faster refresh rate
 Used in LCD monitors

20.  Refresh Rates = “vertical refresh rate” = no of
times in a second that the display hardware
draws the data
 Timer used = oscillation of alternating current
(AC)

21.  Describes the proportional relationship between an
image’s width and height

23.  PAL/SECAM (Phase Alternating Line/Séquentiel
Couleur àvec Mémoire)
 625 scanlines
 25fps or 50 fields/sec, interlaced
 50Hz
 NTSC (National Television System Committee)
 525 scanlines
 29.97fps or 59.94 fields/sec, interlaced
 60Hz

25.  VCD: 352x240 (NTSC)/352x288 (PAL), 4:3
 SVCD: 480x480 (NTSC)/480/576 (PAL), 4:3
 DVD: 720x480 (NTSC)/720x576 (PAL), 4:3 or
16:9
 720p HDTV, Blu-ray: 1280x720, 16:9
 1080p/1080i HDTV, Blu-ray: 1920x1080, 16:9
or 16:10

26.  Lossless: allows the exact original data to be
reconstructed from the compressed data
(e.g., Zip)
and then
decompressing it retrieves data that may well
be different from the original, but is close
enough to be useful in some way (e.g., iPod
video format)

27.  “Co-dec” = compression-decompression
 Standards Organizations:
 Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG)
 Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
under International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

28.  MPEG-1: used in Video CDs (VCDs)
 MPEG-2: DVDs, SVCD
 MPEG-4 (part 2): internet, broadcast, etc.
 MPEG-4 (part 10): Blu-ray, PSP, iPod, XBOX360
 Often referred to as MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video
Coding)

29.  H.261/H.263: used in videoconferencing and
videotelephony, internet video
 H.264: aligned with MPEG-4 AVC

30.  WMV: Microsoft’s family of codec designs
 RealVideo: RealNetworks
 Cinepak: early codec from Apple Quicktime
 DivX, Xvid, FFmpeg: different
implementations of MPEG-4 (part 2)

32. Pre-
production
Production
Post-
production

33.  Pre-production:
 Conceptualization: aim, style/format, key message,
target audience
 Storyboarding: good to include camera shot styles
(pans, zooms, wide/close-up, etc.)
 Study shooting locations
 search for available raw
footage/clips/graphics/sound etc., permits?
 Screen/select talents, crew
 Create a working production schedule
 Where, when, who

34.  Production
 On-location or studio shooting
 Design/creation of graphics, animation, etc.
 Recording of narration
 Selection/creation of music

35.  Post-production
 Prepare video/audio for editing: linear vs non-
linear
 Select video segments
 Editing
 audio: narration, music, sound effects
 Video
 Motion graphics
 Animations
 Text
 Transitions, special effects
 Final editing, mixing, and mastering