Mair Kraus, Concordia University, Canada. About the JIIS - the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies: Our goals, challenges and vision for the city of Jerusalem and the state of Israel. Visit us at JIIS.org to find out more. בקרו אותנו באתר מכון ירושלים לחקר ישראל: jiis.org.il

1. Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
May, 2015
meir@jiis.org.il
Jerusalem
Key Figures & Challenges
Meir Kraus
Jerusalem Institute
for Israel Studies

2. Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
Jerusalem Institute
for Israel Studies
Our Contribution
• Assessment - From data
collection to trend analysis and
evaluation
• Policy planning - Formulating
alternatives, cooperating with
policy makers
• Dissemination - Policy papers,
conferences, roundtable
discussions, and briefings
www.jiis.org
meir@jiis.org.il

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
Social
Urban
Geo-politicalWorld City
Economic

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
Social - Demographic

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Society and Demography
Key Population Figures
• Total: 830,000
(10% of Israel's population)
– Thereof:
63% Jews (522,000)
37% Arabs (308,000)
– Ultra-orthodox Jews: 39%
(205,000) of the Jewish
population

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Where
Do the Communities Live?
• Arab population – mainly
East Jerusalem
• Jewish population – West
Jerusalem and satellite
neighborhoods
– Ultra-orthodox – mainly
north

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Heterogeneous Cities

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Society and Demography
Population Projection
196720132020
Jews74%63%59%
Arabs26%37%41%

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Society and Demography
Diversity in Age Structure
Median Age
• Arabs: 20.0
• Jews : 25.7
Median Age
• Ultra-orthodox: 18.1
• Secular and Religious: 29.2

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Society and Demography
Diversity in Religiousness

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Society and Demography
Migration
Metropolitan
centers:
• Jerusalem –7,400
• Tel Aviv –1,900
• Haifa –1,300

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Society and Demography
Students in the Jerusalem Education System 2014/15
• Total – 266,700 students in system
• 1/3 of the city's residents
• Size enables diversity. Schools
include: Jewish-Arab; Religious-
secular; Science & art; Democratic;
Waldorf; and many more
State and
State-
Religious
Education
88,600
(26%)
Ultra-
Orthodox
Education
92,700
(38%)
Arab
Education
84,200
(36%)

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Society and Demography
Trends in Education
• Growing UO and
Arab systems
• State &
state religious -
stable
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Students
Students in The Municipal Education System
in Jerusalem by Sector, 2000-2014
Ultra-orthodox
Arab
State and
State-religious
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Students
Students in the Municipal Education System
in Jerusalem by Sector, 2000-2014
Ultra-orthodox
Arab
State and
State-religious

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Society and Demography
Higher Education
Higher Education Students in Jerusalem:
• The Hebrew University: 20,600
• Academic Colleges: 11,400
• Colleges of Education: 5,700
• Total number of students in academic institutes: 37,700
• Leading non-academic colleges and schools are based in the city -
schools of photography; drama; film and many more
Jerusalem is home to a University, 6
Academic Colleges
and 4 Colleges of Education:

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JIIS’ Contribution
Projects:
• Population projection for 2040
• Migration study – to find the reasons for migration from and to Jerusalem,
and produce policy recommendations
• Policy paper for making Jerusalem attractive for well-established
population
• Policy for attracting students to the city
JIIS Project

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
Social - Demographic
• Three separate communities: general Jewish
population; ultra-orthodox Jews; Arabs
• Large population in a low socio-economic
status
• Demographic trends and negative migration
balance
• Large and complex education system
• Higher education
• Culture

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
Urban

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Planning & Housing
Land Reserves for
Construction
• Almost ending
• Need for small editions
instead of large
neighborhoods
• Urban renewal

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Planning & Housing
Apartment Size
• Shift towards large, unaffordable, apartments

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Planning & Housing
Housing Prices
• Number of Monthly Salaries is Rising

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Planning & Housing
Affordable Housing? – Average Salary vs. Housing Prices
96
147
219
250
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Haifa Israel Tel Aviv - Yafo Jerusalem
Number of Average Monthly Salaries Needed
to Buy an Average-Priced Apartment, 2012

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Planning & Housing
Dwelling Construction in Jerusalem
• Changing trend

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JIIS’ Contribution
Projects:
• Downtown Jerusalem development plan evaluation
• Promoting affordable housing – identifying locations; policy for price
moderation; strategies for urban regeneration
• Master plan for community services – family health centers; elderly
services; welfare
• Jerusalem as a model city for urban sustainability and quality of life
• Urban conservation policy for Jerusalem
JIIS project
JIIS project

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
Urban
• Regeneration of the inner city
• Connectivity to the center
• Public transport
• Affordable housing
• Preservation of the built heritage

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
Economic

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Economy
Participation in Labor Force by Population Group

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Economy
Structure of the Workforce (2013)
JerusalemTel AvivHaifa
41%22%32%Public administration, Education Health, Welfare
13%35%18%
Business activities, Banking, Insurance & Financial
institutions
16%17%15%Trade, Accommodation, Restaurants
15%12%23%Industry, Transport, Construction
14%15%12%Other
100%100%100%Total

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Economy
Monthly Wage

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Economy
Poverty Rate

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Economy
Municipal Budget

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Economy
Tourism

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Economy
The Biotech Cluster
• The opening conditions of Jerusalem encourage the existence
of biotech companies in the city.
• The cluster is developing – the number of companies is rising
• Currently – 11% of the companies in Israel are located in
Jerusalem
30%
18%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Jerusalem Israel
% Biotech Industry
out of the High-tech Industry
111
117
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2012 2013
Number of companies in Jerusalem

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JIIS’ Contribution
Projects:
• Assessment of hi-tech and bio-tech industries in Jerusalem and policy
recommendations
• Assessment of the tourism industry in the city and policy recommendations
• Policy paper on higher education among the ultra-orthodox
• Examination of barriers to ultra-orthodox participation in the labor force
• Mapping of employment (especially women)
in East Jerusalem
JIIS project

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
Economic
• Raising social-economic level
• Gap narrowing
• Hi-tech industries
• Employment creation; raising participation of UO
men and Arab women
• Tourism

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
World City
• Capital of the Jewish people
• Pluralism - diversity and tolerance
• Spiritual dimension

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JIIS’ Contribution
Projects:
• Jerusalem – A World City
• Jerusalem and the Christian World
JIIS project
JIIS project

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
Geo-political
• Tension de-escalation and
coexistence
• Daily life in East Jerusalem
• Possible solutions

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JIIS’ Contribution
Projects:
East Jerusalem daily life
• Legal status of the residents and policy recommendations
• Mapping of neighborhoods and needs
• Identification of friction points and management recommendations
Negotiations over Jerusalem
• Preparation of a “guide to the Israeli negotiator” – geographic and
demographic background; defining Israel’s interests; alternatives; analyses
of previous negotiations
JIIS project

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Jerusalem – 5 Spheres of Challenge
Social
Urban
Geo-politicalWorld City
Economic
• Regeneration of the inner city
• Connectivity to the center
• Public transport
• Affordable housing
• Preservation of the built heritage
• Possible solutions
• Tension de-escalation and coexistence
• Service level equality
• Capital of the Jewish people
• Tourism
• Pluralism - diversity and tolerance
• Spiritual dimension
• Raising social-economic level
• Gap narrowing
• Hi-tech industries
• Employment creation and diversification
• Raising participation of UO men
and Arab women
• Enrichment of human capital
• Empowerment of community life and local leadership
• Inter community tension de-escalation
• Education system
• Cultural infrastructure and activities
• Academic city

40. Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
Jerusalem Institute
for Israel Studies
Our Contribution
• Assessment - From data
collection to trend analysis
and evaluation
• Policy planning -
Formulating alternatives,
cooperating with policy
makers
• Dissemination - Policy
papers, conferences,
roundtable discussions, and
briefings
Thank You
meir@jiis.org.il

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Project Proposals:
The Demographic Challenge
The Challenge:
• To find ways to make Jerusalem attractive to strong socioeconomic
groups and young people and inject new life into the city, thereby
strengthening it.
Anticipated Products
• A detailed population forecast for Jerusalem that looks toward 2040
• A report outlining the reasons people leave or move to Jerusalem,
including policy recommendations
• Policy recommendations that will encourage the presence of stronger
socioeconomic groups in the city
back

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Project Proposals:
Affordable Housing
The Challenge:
• To boost the availability of affordable apartments, which would serve as
an incentive for young educated people to remain in the city.
Anticipated Products
• A policy paper regarding affordable housing in the city will be drafted. The
paper will address the issue of suitable lands for this purpose and include
planning and policy recommendations pertaining
to the character of “affordable housing”.
back

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Project Proposals:
Urban Sustainability
The Challenge:
• To build models for a sustainable lifestyle that will improve the long-
term quality of life in Jerusalem and, based on those models, Israel.
Anticipated Products
• Detailed reports and periodic updates presenting experts’ assessments on
the main components of sustainable lifestyles in the city
• A final report will include recommendations for
short- and long-term policy measures
back

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Project Proposals:
The Israeli-Palestinian
Negotiations over Jerusalem
The Challenge:
• To draft comprehensive proposals and analyses for decision makers that
include alternative scenarios and innovative ideas for resolving the
Jerusalem quagmire.
Anticipated Products
• A negotiations guide aimed at the Israeli
side, with a focus on topics pertaining
to Jerusalem
• A model of a special Israeli-Palestinian
regime in the Old City and surroundings
back

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Project Proposals:
Development of the High-Tech
Industries
The Challenge:
• To develop and expand high-tech industries and find ways to attract companies
to base their operations in the city.
Anticipated Products
• An annual report on the progress of the biotech industry in Jerusalem and the
formulation of policy recommendations for its advancement
• An annual report on the development of local
high-tech industries and the formulation of
policy recommendations for their advancement
• An annual report on the development of new
media and the formulation of relevant
policy recommendations
back

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Project Proposals:
Jerusalem – A World City
The Challenge:
• to realize the potential inherent in the city and turn Jerusalem into a
world center of spirituality and interfaith dialogue, wisdom,
multiculturalism, and an extraordinary place to visit.
Anticipated Products
• A series of reports on different topics, including recommendations for
policy and action
• Activities: Seminars, roundtable meetings, and the dissemination of
reports stemming from this project
• The creation of a new database, “Jerusalem as a World City”
back

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Project Proposals:
Jerusalem and the
Christian World
The Challenge:
• To foster the local Christian communities and strengthen the ties of
hundreds of millions of believers to Jerusalem.
Anticipated Products
• Periodic reports on the state of the Christian communities, churches and
other bodies operating in the Jerusalem metropolis
• Policy papers aimed at fostering Israel’s bond with these communities and
official entities, and with the Christian world
• Activities: Seminars, roundtable meetings, and other activities aimed at
broadening the knowledge base about the different Christian communities
in Jerusalem and promoting interfaith dialogue.
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