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Racism, police violence and public health by Jasmine D. Graves, MPH Presentation at NACCHO Annual Meeting 2015, Kansas City MO.
- 1. RACISM, POLICE VIOLENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH Jasmine D. Graves, MPH NYC Department of Health & Mental Hygiene
- 3. 1935 - 2015 US Timeline of Civil Uprisings 1935 HARLEM, NY 1992 LOS ANGELES, CA 2015 BALTIMORE, MD 2014 FERGUSON, MO 1965 WATTS, CA
- 4. CRIMINALIZATION OF BLACKNESS • Dehumanization of people of African Descent • Chattel property • 3/5 of a Human • Established Slave Codes SLAVERY 1619 - 1865 • Development of Black Codes • Sharecropping • Mass Lynchings RECONSTRUCTION 1865 - 1877
- 5. • Codified Racial Segregation in Law • Developed Institutionalized practices for de jure segregation • Depictions of Black Caricatures • Mass Lynchings JIM CROW PERIOD 1890 - 1965 • Civil Rights Acts • Advent of Globalization. • Systematic Dismantling of Black Power Movement • Mass Police Killing CIVIL RIGHTS 1965 - 1980 • Mass Incarceration - War on Drugs - War on Gangs • Disproportionate Police Surveillance - Stop and Frisk - Operation Clean Halls • Mass Police Killings PRESENT DAY 1980 – Present
- 6. Public Displays of Black Death NEO LYNCHING
- 7. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH
- 8. Direct Effects • Individual − Serious injury − Premature mortality as measured in Years of Life Lost • Family − Homicide survivors − Emotional and psychological trauma • Neighborhood − Vicarious trauma • Broader Community − Incites fear − Chronic stress Health Implications of Police Violence
- 9. Indirect Effects • Need to explore ways in which police violence adversely impacts the social determinants of health − Example: Outdoor physical activity, heavy police surveillance in schools and residential areas • Police Violence creates distrust in government − May begin to create broader distrust in agencies beyond police department Health Implications of Police Violence
- 10. ENVISIONING A PATH FORWARD
- 11. • APHA Recommendations (1998) − Local, state and federal health personnel should collect stats on the incidence and health consequences of police violence − Need funding for CDC research on disproportionate impact of police violence on people of color − Establish independent community review boards to consider complaints of police bruatlity • Explicitly name structural racism as a fundamental cause of health inequity • Support and extend other disciplines’ efforts to address police violence by documenting its nature and prevalence SHIFTING PUBLIC HEALTH FRAMEWORKS