2. The Process
Instructional planning is a process of the teacher
using appropriate curricula, instructional strategies,
and resources during the planning process to address
the diverse needs of students.
http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/105156/ch
apters/Planning-and-Organizing-for-
Instruction.aspx
3. Prior Planning
Questions to ask yourself :
What do students want to know when they come
to your class?
What do they need to know?
What do students always get stuck on?
What is one thing that students need to
understand before they go on to the next level
(i.e., the next course in the discipline)?
https://www.lib.utexas.edu/services/instruction/tips/
cp/cp_goals.html
4. Learning Outcomes
Learning outcomes are statements that specify what
learners will know or be able to do as a result of a
learning activity. Learning outcomes have three
distinguishing characteristics:
1. The specified action by the learners must
be observable.
2. The specified action by the learners must
be measurable.
3. The specified action must be done by
learners.
https://www.lib.utexas.edu/services/instruction/tips/cp
/cp_goals.html
7. Sponge Activity
Madeline Hunter originated the term sponge
activities to describe "learning activities that soak
up precious time that would otherwise be lost.
http://www.edutopia.org/blog/academic-sponge-
activites-todd-finley
focus on reviewing previously learned material and
providing distributed practice opportunities.
https://www.nassp.org/Content/158/pl_may13_inst
ructldr.pdf
8. Warm up Activity
A warm up activity is a short, fun activity which a teacher
can use with students. The purpose of a warm up is to:
1. engage the students and direct their
thinking towards the lesson.
2. prepare them to learn by stimulating their
minds and/or their bodies
3. Uncover their misconceptions about the
lesson
http://www.teindia.nic.in/files/teacher_trg_module/17_c
ambodia%20module.pdf
9. Ice Breaker Activity
Icebreaker activities are extremely useful in breaking
down barriers between students in order to facilitate
class participation. They are particularly important if
you plan to have your students work in groups:
1. encourage greater connections between
students
2. enhance group processes and thus the
quality of group work produced
http://www.teaching.utoronto.ca/gsta/teaching-
essentials/ice-breakers.htm
11. Learning Activities
Research suggests that considering the following
interrelated elements when designing and
implementing learning activities can increase
student engagement behaviorally, emotionally,
and cognitively, thereby positively affecting
academic achievement.
http://www.edutopia.org/blog/golden-rules-for-
engaging-students-nicolas-pino-james
12. Tips for Learning activity design
Make it Meaningful
Foster a Sense of Efficacy
Provide Autonomy Support
Embrace Collaborative Learning
Establish Positive teacher-student relationship
Promote Mastery Orientations