SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 15
 
Amendments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Second Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Third Method ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fourth Method ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fourth Method Second Method State Conventions Third Method First Method ¾ of the States National Convention 2/3 Vote in Each House of Congress  Proposal     Ratification  
 
Informal Amendments ,[object Object],[object Object]
Basic Legislation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Executive Action ,[object Object],[object Object]
Executive Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Court Decisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Party Practices ,[object Object],[object Object]
 

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (20)

Judicial review
Judicial reviewJudicial review
Judicial review
 
The Electoral Process
The Electoral ProcessThe Electoral Process
The Electoral Process
 
US Constitution
US ConstitutionUS Constitution
US Constitution
 
Legislative procedures
Legislative proceduresLegislative procedures
Legislative procedures
 
Judicial review ppt
Judicial review pptJudicial review ppt
Judicial review ppt
 
types of legal rights under jurisprudence
types of legal rights under jurisprudencetypes of legal rights under jurisprudence
types of legal rights under jurisprudence
 
Delegated legislation
Delegated legislationDelegated legislation
Delegated legislation
 
Governor - Powers and Functions
Governor - Powers and Functions Governor - Powers and Functions
Governor - Powers and Functions
 
State legislature
State legislatureState legislature
State legislature
 
The High Courts
The High CourtsThe High Courts
The High Courts
 
Powers of president
Powers of presidentPowers of president
Powers of president
 
The governor of the state
The governor of the stateThe governor of the state
The governor of the state
 
2. Sources of the Constitution
2. Sources of the Constitution2. Sources of the Constitution
2. Sources of the Constitution
 
Law as an instrument of social change
Law as an instrument of social changeLaw as an instrument of social change
Law as an instrument of social change
 
Amendment of indian constitution.
Amendment of indian constitution.Amendment of indian constitution.
Amendment of indian constitution.
 
privy council: brief study
privy council: brief studyprivy council: brief study
privy council: brief study
 
Parliamentary Procedures
Parliamentary ProceduresParliamentary Procedures
Parliamentary Procedures
 
Amendment procedure
Amendment procedureAmendment procedure
Amendment procedure
 
Legislative process
Legislative processLegislative process
Legislative process
 
The president
The presidentThe president
The president
 

Destacado

Constitutional amendment
Constitutional amendmentConstitutional amendment
Constitutional amendmentHafizul Mukhlis
 
Chapter 3 the 27 amendments
Chapter 3 the 27 amendmentsChapter 3 the 27 amendments
Chapter 3 the 27 amendmentsjesspapp
 
Amendment process
Amendment processAmendment process
Amendment processwphaneuf
 
Constitutional amendments
Constitutional amendmentsConstitutional amendments
Constitutional amendmentspjosephchs
 
Presidential rule in states
Presidential rule in states Presidential rule in states
Presidential rule in states Gurjot Singh
 
Amendments of the constitution of india
Amendments of the constitution of indiaAmendments of the constitution of india
Amendments of the constitution of indiaSumit Yadav
 
Constitutional Law 1
Constitutional Law 1Constitutional Law 1
Constitutional Law 1Kevin YL Tan
 
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
CONSTITUTIONAL LAWCONSTITUTIONAL LAW
CONSTITUTIONAL LAWGheethu Joy
 
Introduction to constitutional law and its salient features
Introduction to constitutional law and its salient featuresIntroduction to constitutional law and its salient features
Introduction to constitutional law and its salient featuresGheethu Joy
 
Amendment of Indian Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine - Art. 368
Amendment of Indian Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine - Art. 368Amendment of Indian Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine - Art. 368
Amendment of Indian Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine - Art. 368Gagan
 
Emergency Provisions
Emergency ProvisionsEmergency Provisions
Emergency Provisionssufi shahi
 

Destacado (13)

Constitutional amendment
Constitutional amendmentConstitutional amendment
Constitutional amendment
 
Amendment process
Amendment processAmendment process
Amendment process
 
Chapter 3 the 27 amendments
Chapter 3 the 27 amendmentsChapter 3 the 27 amendments
Chapter 3 the 27 amendments
 
Amendment process
Amendment processAmendment process
Amendment process
 
Constitutional amendments
Constitutional amendmentsConstitutional amendments
Constitutional amendments
 
Emergency Provisions
Emergency ProvisionsEmergency Provisions
Emergency Provisions
 
Presidential rule in states
Presidential rule in states Presidential rule in states
Presidential rule in states
 
Amendments of the constitution of india
Amendments of the constitution of indiaAmendments of the constitution of india
Amendments of the constitution of india
 
Constitutional Law 1
Constitutional Law 1Constitutional Law 1
Constitutional Law 1
 
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
CONSTITUTIONAL LAWCONSTITUTIONAL LAW
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
 
Introduction to constitutional law and its salient features
Introduction to constitutional law and its salient featuresIntroduction to constitutional law and its salient features
Introduction to constitutional law and its salient features
 
Amendment of Indian Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine - Art. 368
Amendment of Indian Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine - Art. 368Amendment of Indian Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine - Art. 368
Amendment of Indian Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine - Art. 368
 
Emergency Provisions
Emergency ProvisionsEmergency Provisions
Emergency Provisions
 

Similar a The Constitutional Amendment Process

HIST 4020 Constitution
HIST 4020 ConstitutionHIST 4020 Constitution
HIST 4020 Constitutionmr1861
 
3- 3 amending the constitution
3- 3 amending the constitution3- 3 amending the constitution
3- 3 amending the constitutionjpaone76
 
Constitution and Federalism
Constitution and FederalismConstitution and Federalism
Constitution and FederalismUD Teacher
 
The national government
The national governmentThe national government
The national governmentmgdean
 
The three branches
The three branchesThe three branches
The three branchesMikkiJohnson
 
ef48dd0032bba65e752fba291a829b00.ppt
ef48dd0032bba65e752fba291a829b00.pptef48dd0032bba65e752fba291a829b00.ppt
ef48dd0032bba65e752fba291a829b00.pptNihadHemzeyev
 
Comparative public law and System of Governance
Comparative public law and System of GovernanceComparative public law and System of Governance
Comparative public law and System of GovernanceNikhil kumar Tyagi
 
Legislative Powers
Legislative PowersLegislative Powers
Legislative Powersadutcher
 
Chapter 3, Section 3 "Constitution Change by Other Means"
Chapter 3, Section 3 "Constitution Change by Other Means"Chapter 3, Section 3 "Constitution Change by Other Means"
Chapter 3, Section 3 "Constitution Change by Other Means"CarmichaelWCHS
 
The Philippine Legislature
The Philippine LegislatureThe Philippine Legislature
The Philippine Legislaturebrianbelen
 
Section 6 of the Executive Branch Unit
Section 6 of the Executive Branch UnitSection 6 of the Executive Branch Unit
Section 6 of the Executive Branch Unitadutcher
 

Similar a The Constitutional Amendment Process (20)

Ch. 3 The Constitution
Ch. 3 The ConstitutionCh. 3 The Constitution
Ch. 3 The Constitution
 
HIST 4020 Constitution
HIST 4020 ConstitutionHIST 4020 Constitution
HIST 4020 Constitution
 
Constitution
ConstitutionConstitution
Constitution
 
3- 3 amending the constitution
3- 3 amending the constitution3- 3 amending the constitution
3- 3 amending the constitution
 
Ch. 3 the constitution
Ch. 3 the constitutionCh. 3 the constitution
Ch. 3 the constitution
 
Civics Goal 2
Civics Goal 2Civics Goal 2
Civics Goal 2
 
Goal 2 civics
Goal 2 civicsGoal 2 civics
Goal 2 civics
 
Chapter 3
Chapter 3Chapter 3
Chapter 3
 
Constitution and Federalism
Constitution and FederalismConstitution and Federalism
Constitution and Federalism
 
The national government
The national governmentThe national government
The national government
 
The three branches
The three branchesThe three branches
The three branches
 
ef48dd0032bba65e752fba291a829b00.ppt
ef48dd0032bba65e752fba291a829b00.pptef48dd0032bba65e752fba291a829b00.ppt
ef48dd0032bba65e752fba291a829b00.ppt
 
WS - Article 5 Memo
WS - Article 5 MemoWS - Article 5 Memo
WS - Article 5 Memo
 
Comparative public law and System of Governance
Comparative public law and System of GovernanceComparative public law and System of Governance
Comparative public law and System of Governance
 
Legislative Powers
Legislative PowersLegislative Powers
Legislative Powers
 
Day 4 Notes
Day 4 NotesDay 4 Notes
Day 4 Notes
 
Formal amendments
Formal amendmentsFormal amendments
Formal amendments
 
Chapter 3, Section 3 "Constitution Change by Other Means"
Chapter 3, Section 3 "Constitution Change by Other Means"Chapter 3, Section 3 "Constitution Change by Other Means"
Chapter 3, Section 3 "Constitution Change by Other Means"
 
The Philippine Legislature
The Philippine LegislatureThe Philippine Legislature
The Philippine Legislature
 
Section 6 of the Executive Branch Unit
Section 6 of the Executive Branch UnitSection 6 of the Executive Branch Unit
Section 6 of the Executive Branch Unit
 

Más de jjarvis106

CECA/CASL Handouts
CECA/CASL HandoutsCECA/CASL Handouts
CECA/CASL Handoutsjjarvis106
 
Jefferson Through Madison and The War of 1812
Jefferson Through Madison and The War of 1812Jefferson Through Madison and The War of 1812
Jefferson Through Madison and The War of 1812jjarvis106
 
Missouri compromise
Missouri compromiseMissouri compromise
Missouri compromisejjarvis106
 
Brief overview
Brief overviewBrief overview
Brief overviewjjarvis106
 
Corporate Sponsorship Form
Corporate Sponsorship FormCorporate Sponsorship Form
Corporate Sponsorship Formjjarvis106
 
Common craft video rubric
Common craft video rubricCommon craft video rubric
Common craft video rubricjjarvis106
 
Common craft video assignment
Common craft video assignmentCommon craft video assignment
Common craft video assignmentjjarvis106
 
Independence for texas
Independence for texasIndependence for texas
Independence for texasjjarvis106
 
1820’s Politics
1820’s Politics1820’s Politics
1820’s Politicsjjarvis106
 
Overview of congress
Overview of congressOverview of congress
Overview of congressjjarvis106
 
The end of the revolution
The end of the revolutionThe end of the revolution
The end of the revolutionjjarvis106
 
Six basic principals of the constitution
Six basic principals of the constitutionSix basic principals of the constitution
Six basic principals of the constitutionjjarvis106
 
What is government and articles
What is government and articlesWhat is government and articles
What is government and articlesjjarvis106
 
The First Phase of the Revolution
The First Phase of the RevolutionThe First Phase of the Revolution
The First Phase of the Revolutionjjarvis106
 
French and Indian War
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
French and Indian Warjjarvis106
 
The Great Depression: Causes and Effects
The Great Depression: Causes and EffectsThe Great Depression: Causes and Effects
The Great Depression: Causes and Effectsjjarvis106
 

Más de jjarvis106 (20)

CECA/CASL Handouts
CECA/CASL HandoutsCECA/CASL Handouts
CECA/CASL Handouts
 
Jefferson Through Madison and The War of 1812
Jefferson Through Madison and The War of 1812Jefferson Through Madison and The War of 1812
Jefferson Through Madison and The War of 1812
 
Missouri compromise
Missouri compromiseMissouri compromise
Missouri compromise
 
Brief overview
Brief overviewBrief overview
Brief overview
 
The 1920’s
The 1920’sThe 1920’s
The 1920’s
 
Corporate Sponsorship Form
Corporate Sponsorship FormCorporate Sponsorship Form
Corporate Sponsorship Form
 
The Civil War
The Civil WarThe Civil War
The Civil War
 
Common craft video rubric
Common craft video rubricCommon craft video rubric
Common craft video rubric
 
Common craft video assignment
Common craft video assignmentCommon craft video assignment
Common craft video assignment
 
Independence for texas
Independence for texasIndependence for texas
Independence for texas
 
1820’s Politics
1820’s Politics1820’s Politics
1820’s Politics
 
Overview of congress
Overview of congressOverview of congress
Overview of congress
 
The end of the revolution
The end of the revolutionThe end of the revolution
The end of the revolution
 
Six basic principals of the constitution
Six basic principals of the constitutionSix basic principals of the constitution
Six basic principals of the constitution
 
What is government and articles
What is government and articlesWhat is government and articles
What is government and articles
 
The First Phase of the Revolution
The First Phase of the RevolutionThe First Phase of the Revolution
The First Phase of the Revolution
 
French and Indian War
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
French and Indian War
 
Gun control
Gun controlGun control
Gun control
 
Gun control
Gun controlGun control
Gun control
 
The Great Depression: Causes and Effects
The Great Depression: Causes and EffectsThe Great Depression: Causes and Effects
The Great Depression: Causes and Effects
 

Último

General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...Poonam Aher Patil
 
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptxExploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptxPooja Bhuva
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.christianmathematics
 
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the ClassroomFostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the ClassroomPooky Knightsmith
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibitjbellavia9
 
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptxCOMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptxannathomasp01
 
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structureSingle or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structuredhanjurrannsibayan2
 
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptxREMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptxDr. Ravikiran H M Gowda
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
 
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptxHow to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptxCeline George
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxEsquimalt MFRC
 
Tatlong Kwento ni Lola basyang-1.pdf arts
Tatlong Kwento ni Lola basyang-1.pdf artsTatlong Kwento ni Lola basyang-1.pdf arts
Tatlong Kwento ni Lola basyang-1.pdf artsNbelano25
 
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptxTowards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptxJisc
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)Jisc
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxDenish Jangid
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSCeline George
 

Último (20)

General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
 
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptxExploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
Exploring_the_Narrative_Style_of_Amitav_Ghoshs_Gun_Island.pptx
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the ClassroomFostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptxCOMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
COMMUNICATING NEGATIVE NEWS - APPROACHES .pptx
 
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structureSingle or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
 
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptxREMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
 
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptxHow to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
 
Tatlong Kwento ni Lola basyang-1.pdf arts
Tatlong Kwento ni Lola basyang-1.pdf artsTatlong Kwento ni Lola basyang-1.pdf arts
Tatlong Kwento ni Lola basyang-1.pdf arts
 
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptxTowards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
 
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
 

The Constitutional Amendment Process

  • 1.  
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Fourth Method Second Method State Conventions Third Method First Method ¾ of the States National Convention 2/3 Vote in Each House of Congress  Proposal   Ratification 
  • 8.  
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.