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Converged
Communication
and IPv6
John Loughney




 1   © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
Voice will be the killer app for some time
                         1300
                         1200
                                               Mobile Data
                         1100
                                               Fixed Data
                         1000                  Mobile Voice
   Global Revenue € Bn




                          900                  Fixed Voice
                          800
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                                                                                                                                        2006

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   2              © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
                                                                             From: Nokia March 2006
But the Mobile Internet is here
                                                                   Global Mobile Internet Usage and Access


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                                                  % using on phone                 % have on phone but don't use
      3   © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
Convergence is happening
I am:

                          16502838068 +358504838068
  john.loughney@nokia.com john.loughney@kolumbus.fi
    gmail/gtalk:john.loughney jabber:loughney                                            skype:loughney
        gizmo:loughney(17476423923) aim:jlghny
yahoo:j_loughney http://www.flickr.com/j_loughney
                                                  http://www.geocities.com/j_loughney/
                http://research.nokia.com/people/john_loughney/
                              http://del.icio.us/loughney
And I want to use these on my phone!

   4    © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
IPv4 has a finite lifetime (from 8 May 2007)
•   Projected IANA Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 26-Dec-2009
•   Projected RIR Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 07-Aug-2010
•   Both projections are based on past history, so all bets are off once scarcity starts.
•   Expect that the exhaustion event will occur before the end of this decade.
•   The impact of exhaustion and trading will affect everyone that gets address
    space from a provider.
•   A rough ROI calculation for IPv6 deployment based on the IPv4 alternative being
    $5-10 per day times the number of devices times the number of employees.
•   For more info see
     • http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/
     • http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac123/ac147/archived_issues/ipj_8-
        3/ipj_8-3.pdf



      5   © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
So what, you might ask

• We will have 3+ billion cellular phones by the end of 2007
• A growing number are IP capable
      • Trend toward Always-On applications
              • Push Email, VoIP, IM, multimedia services
• Currently, many operators need to run both a circuit switched
  and an IP network. This leads to higher CAPEX and OPEX.
• In the future, services will migrate to IP.
• So the choice is between
      • IPv4 with NAT frequent Keep-Alives
      • IPv6 and long lived connections



6   © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
NATs with keep alive messages
      •    IPv4 Mobile Devices are usually behind IPv4 NATs
            • Always on application are becoming more prevalent
                     • Push Email, VoIP, IM, etc.
             • Applications that want to be reachable need to send periodic Keep-
                  Alives to keep NAT state active
                     • Current NATs require Keep-Alive from 40 seconds to 5 minutes
                     • Need to implement for minimum ( ~30 seconds)
      •    Sending of NAT periodic keep-alive messages decreases mobile device
           standby time by several days
      •    Not a problem for devices with power cords, but for mobile devices it is a
           big problem
                                              There should be NO                       The UDP inactivity timer in NATs causes the public
       Client, Private
       IPv4 address 1
                                               NATs between the                        UDP port 6538 to be assigned to a different mobile, if
                                            terminal and the server!                   the mobile does not send any data within a certain
                                                                                       amount of time, about every 40 seconds …

Client, Private
IPv4 address 2                                                   UDP port = 6538                           Server, Public IPv4 address 3

       7   © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
Not All NATs are
created equal
 •   UDP and TCP timeouts vary widely, a default 30 seconds may be needed for UDP.
 •   Several different NAT traversal mechanisms are needed
      • STUN, TURN, ICE, Teredo
      • All bring additional terminal and network complexity
      • Additional CAPEX and OPEX
      • All NAT traversal mechanism do open some security holes.
 •   Even worse, you might be behind different NATs at different times of the day
      • Home, office, hotspot networks often use different types of NATs.
 •   Each requiring a different traversal mechanism
 •   Performance over 3G is even worse
      • UMTS radio state management prevents the mobile device from entering
         sleep mode, often reducing standby time by days.
      • http://www.niksula.hut.fi/~peronen/publications/haverinen_siren_eronen_vtc
         2007.pdf
     8   © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
What is Nokia Doing About This?
•   Nokia has 3 major operating systems in use
     •       Symbian is used for the S60 user interface
     •       The Nokia Embedded OS is found on S40 terminals
     •       Linux is supported on Nokia Internet Tablets.
•   IPv6 is well supported over different radios:
     •       802.11 bg are supported in phones.
     •       GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, HSPDA (which is 3.5G - up to 3.6 mps downlink),
     •       Wimax will be supported in 2008.
•   MIPv4 is available as an add-on, MIPv6 has been demonstrated, DS-MIP is actually needed for
    commercial services. DS-MIP is still uncompleted in the IETF.
•   SIP is supported, as well as VoIP.
     •       SIP/SIMPLE support comes in 2H06. NAT traversal is supported.
•   Roaming is supported for VoIP, phones can select VoIP over WiFi when WiFi is available
     •       Several flavors of Enterprise VoIP are supported, as well as 3rd party add-ons for Skype, MSN,
     •       VoIP support works with Gizmo Project and other services using standard SIP backend.
     •       In theory, IPv6 should work, but I haven't tested against all the different back-end servers.
•   Transition mechanisms are currently not supported, for various reasons, but the major has
    been that no one has seriously asked for any to be supported.

         9    © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
For Example …

• Mobile TV is good IPv6 Enabled Service
• DVB-H standard supports both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
• Nokia Mobile TV solution is based on IPv6 only
       • This ensures that there will be enough IP addresses for all mobile
            TV users




10   © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
Take-away thoughts

• I want my device to help me to
  communication, but I cannot
  communicate with an IP address or if
  my battery is dead.
• Convergence means taking disparate or
  fragmentary elements and integrating
  them into a new a new whole.
• IPv6 is the only scalable technology to
  enable multiple services,
  interconnecting with other networks.



11   © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
List of Nokia phones supporting IPv6
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s40_3ed_fp1_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s40_3ed_fp2_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_2ed_fp2_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_2ed_fp3_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_3ed_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_3ed_fp1_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s80_1.html
• http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s80_2ed_1.html




     12   © 2007 Nokia   Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007

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Converged Communications and IPv6

  • 1. Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 1 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 2. Voice will be the killer app for some time 1300 1200 Mobile Data 1100 Fixed Data 1000 Mobile Voice Global Revenue € Bn 900 Fixed Voice 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2006 2007 2008 2005 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 1995 1996 1997 1992 1993 1994 1998 1999 2 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007 From: Nokia March 2006
  • 3. But the Mobile Internet is here Global Mobile Internet Usage and Access 19 30 45 31 35 48 39 38 44 51 37 57 38 43 35 45 52 30 41 66 35 37 47 51 35 47 46 45 23 40 40 23 34 38 38 38 35 28 33 32 31 30 30 29 17 23 14 21 15 15 12 11 9 9 6 6 6 4 4 2 d Al ia Sw n g a Ja L ng ly G ico Au ore Sp a SA AE er d do e Po nds Ze n a i A ia Eg a n g a y en h e an ey R in Tu al t K Fi ce M il Fr ia yp an si BA li an ri pa In eec b az G lan on re Si Ita ud d U g a s ra Ko rk ge an i et w ed ra ex ne ew Ch In rt u U U ap us Ko al rla Br m LO st n N Ta i r G H Sa N % using on phone % have on phone but don't use 3 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 4. Convergence is happening I am: 16502838068 +358504838068 john.loughney@nokia.com john.loughney@kolumbus.fi gmail/gtalk:john.loughney jabber:loughney skype:loughney gizmo:loughney(17476423923) aim:jlghny yahoo:j_loughney http://www.flickr.com/j_loughney http://www.geocities.com/j_loughney/ http://research.nokia.com/people/john_loughney/ http://del.icio.us/loughney And I want to use these on my phone! 4 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 5. IPv4 has a finite lifetime (from 8 May 2007) • Projected IANA Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 26-Dec-2009 • Projected RIR Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 07-Aug-2010 • Both projections are based on past history, so all bets are off once scarcity starts. • Expect that the exhaustion event will occur before the end of this decade. • The impact of exhaustion and trading will affect everyone that gets address space from a provider. • A rough ROI calculation for IPv6 deployment based on the IPv4 alternative being $5-10 per day times the number of devices times the number of employees. • For more info see • http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/ • http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac123/ac147/archived_issues/ipj_8- 3/ipj_8-3.pdf 5 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 6. So what, you might ask • We will have 3+ billion cellular phones by the end of 2007 • A growing number are IP capable • Trend toward Always-On applications • Push Email, VoIP, IM, multimedia services • Currently, many operators need to run both a circuit switched and an IP network. This leads to higher CAPEX and OPEX. • In the future, services will migrate to IP. • So the choice is between • IPv4 with NAT frequent Keep-Alives • IPv6 and long lived connections 6 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 7. NATs with keep alive messages • IPv4 Mobile Devices are usually behind IPv4 NATs • Always on application are becoming more prevalent • Push Email, VoIP, IM, etc. • Applications that want to be reachable need to send periodic Keep- Alives to keep NAT state active • Current NATs require Keep-Alive from 40 seconds to 5 minutes • Need to implement for minimum ( ~30 seconds) • Sending of NAT periodic keep-alive messages decreases mobile device standby time by several days • Not a problem for devices with power cords, but for mobile devices it is a big problem There should be NO The UDP inactivity timer in NATs causes the public Client, Private IPv4 address 1 NATs between the UDP port 6538 to be assigned to a different mobile, if terminal and the server! the mobile does not send any data within a certain amount of time, about every 40 seconds … Client, Private IPv4 address 2 UDP port = 6538 Server, Public IPv4 address 3 7 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 8. Not All NATs are created equal • UDP and TCP timeouts vary widely, a default 30 seconds may be needed for UDP. • Several different NAT traversal mechanisms are needed • STUN, TURN, ICE, Teredo • All bring additional terminal and network complexity • Additional CAPEX and OPEX • All NAT traversal mechanism do open some security holes. • Even worse, you might be behind different NATs at different times of the day • Home, office, hotspot networks often use different types of NATs. • Each requiring a different traversal mechanism • Performance over 3G is even worse • UMTS radio state management prevents the mobile device from entering sleep mode, often reducing standby time by days. • http://www.niksula.hut.fi/~peronen/publications/haverinen_siren_eronen_vtc 2007.pdf 8 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 9. What is Nokia Doing About This? • Nokia has 3 major operating systems in use • Symbian is used for the S60 user interface • The Nokia Embedded OS is found on S40 terminals • Linux is supported on Nokia Internet Tablets. • IPv6 is well supported over different radios: • 802.11 bg are supported in phones. • GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, HSPDA (which is 3.5G - up to 3.6 mps downlink), • Wimax will be supported in 2008. • MIPv4 is available as an add-on, MIPv6 has been demonstrated, DS-MIP is actually needed for commercial services. DS-MIP is still uncompleted in the IETF. • SIP is supported, as well as VoIP. • SIP/SIMPLE support comes in 2H06. NAT traversal is supported. • Roaming is supported for VoIP, phones can select VoIP over WiFi when WiFi is available • Several flavors of Enterprise VoIP are supported, as well as 3rd party add-ons for Skype, MSN, • VoIP support works with Gizmo Project and other services using standard SIP backend. • In theory, IPv6 should work, but I haven't tested against all the different back-end servers. • Transition mechanisms are currently not supported, for various reasons, but the major has been that no one has seriously asked for any to be supported. 9 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 10. For Example … • Mobile TV is good IPv6 Enabled Service • DVB-H standard supports both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported • Nokia Mobile TV solution is based on IPv6 only • This ensures that there will be enough IP addresses for all mobile TV users 10 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 11. Take-away thoughts • I want my device to help me to communication, but I cannot communicate with an IP address or if my battery is dead. • Convergence means taking disparate or fragmentary elements and integrating them into a new a new whole. • IPv6 is the only scalable technology to enable multiple services, interconnecting with other networks. 11 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007
  • 12. List of Nokia phones supporting IPv6 • http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s40_3ed_fp1_1.html • http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s40_3ed_fp2_1.html • http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_2ed_fp2_1.html • http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_2ed_fp3_1.html • http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_3ed_1.html • http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s60_3ed_fp1_1.html • http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s80_1.html • http://www.forum.nokia.com/devices/matrix_s80_2ed_1.html 12 © 2007 Nokia Converged Communication and IPv6 John Loughney 24 May 2007