Iran project anthro30.doc

IRAN Group #5 Globalization and its Economic Change: •Iran in the past two decades has experienced two contradictory phenomena: 1. Islamization ,[object Object],In the nineteenth century, Iran became dependent on Western economy. The rush of mass-manufactured goods into Iran destroyed some of the traditional handicrafts (such as cotton textiles) due to Iran's cheap importation of local manufactured goods. British merchants encouraged Iran landowners to increase crops such as cotton and tobacco. This lead to a series of famines because of the unavailability of wheat and other edible grains. However, Iran integrated into the world system in the twentieth century. Iran became dependent on only one commodity- oil. In 1962, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the ruler of Iran at the time, launched his White Revolution as a precursor of raising Iranian society to a globally competitive Country. In fact, he promised Iranian people to move them toward the Great Civilization The 1979 revolution was heavily imbedded with religious rhetoric. Its leaders subsequently banned many forms of entertainment that they considered sinful, including casinos, nightclubs, dance halls, movies that featured nudity or sexual themes, and musical genres such as pop and rock. For more wholesome entertainment, the government encouraged Iranian traditional and Western classical music, new films emphasizing family values, and recreational and sports facilities segregated by gender. Both men and women were required to dress modestly in public. For women, modest dress, or hejab, meant covering their hair with a scarf and having no exposed flesh other than their hands and faces; for men it meant wearing long trousers and long-sleeve shirts. The population gradually adapted to the various restrictions and continued to enjoy prerevolutionary leisure activities such as attending sports events, especially soccer, the national pastime. The general decline in public entertainment venues contributed to an increase in home entertaining. The sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages has been prohibited since 1979, although there is a black market for bootleg vodka and wine. Other general recreational and leisure activities include hiking, picnicking, watching television and videos, and making seasonal visits to Caspian Sea beaches and various historical sites and religious shrines. In large cities, shopping and attending movies, concerts, theatres, museums, and poetry readings also are popular. The Islamic revolution of 1979 reversed the Shah's Modernization and set in motion a process of Islamization of the Iranian society. Islamization was meant to cleanse the country of decadent Western culture that had Infected its body and soul. The outbreak of Islamic revolution along with start Iraq war against Iran (1981-1989) not only caused government have more control on all social–economic affairs but also the instability of law reduced the flow of foreign investment rate and in some years reduced to zero. The Islamic Republic was hoping for a rapid economic development and becoming fully dependent on oil and the West. Under the Iranian Republic, Iran's oil revenues became affected not only by the war in Iraq but also its failure to raise production. In order to raise oil production, Iran needs a rush of capital and new technology that is only found in the West. This pushed the Iranian Republic to change its policy to foreign investment. The regime that supported self-sufficiency at the time became in debt with foreign banks and governments which forced them to continue renegotiating foreign loans constantly. Around the time the Islamic revolution succeeded in establishing a theocratic state in Iran and closing its border to outside influence, another process was taking shape on The world stage, namely globalization. Globalization doesn't have a very important impact on Iran’s' social life which is mainly based on Islam and its practices. Many of its cultural aspects have also been influenced by the dominant religion even in Iranian music, especially rap, hip-hop, and rock music; we can notice an influence from the western music. Iran is not influenced by globalization politically because; its political system is mainly based on the sharia law. Sharia law is the way that Muslims should live or the path they should follow in Islam. It is taken from sacred texts and tells us about Islam, the Qur’an, and hadith (messages that the prophet Mohamed sent to people in order to guide them and show them the right way). Many Islamic countries apply it and run their country following its rules. The sharia law is very important in the religion of Islam and permits Muslims to practice their religion. Iran’s political system consists of democracy and the sharia law Islamization has limited and localized women's involvement in Education, employment, health services, and family planning Ben Barber of the Washington times reported from Tehran that some 7 million people of the poorest people in Iran are entirely dependent on the imam Khomeini assistance committee that supplies basic foods, university scholarships and even marriage dowries. The poor and the low income members resist change not so much because they are satisfied with the status quo but because they are economically dependent on it and are afraid of the bleak prospects of economic restructuring.

Iran project anthro30.doc

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