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The Internet is a Series of Tubes
      A Practical Understanding of the Internet
Who are you?


                                      John Hobbs

                                      - Developer at What Cheer
                                      - @jmhobbs
                                      - https://github.com/jmhobbs
                                      - http://velvetcache.org/




The Internet is a Series of Tubes
This is the Internet




The Internet is a Series of Tubes
?
                    You                 What Cheer




The Internet is a Series of Tubes
This is Your Computer


                            72.113.10.126
                                    (sort of)



The Internet is a Series of Tubes
?
                  You                   whatcheer.com
            (72.113.10.126)             (???.???.??.???)



The Internet is a Series of Tubes
Connecting Computers
     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ ping -c 3 192.168.1.2
     PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
     64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=4.98 ms
     64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=2.58 ms
     64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=2.60 ms

     --- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
     3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
     rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.584/3.390/4.985/1.128 ms
     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$




       192.168.1.4                                     192.168.1.2
          (Me)                                           (Alex)
The Internet is a Series of Tubes
Translating Your Desires




The Internet is a Series of Tubes
DNS!
The Internet is a Series of Tubes
Translating Your Desires

                                      DNS
                                    Domain Name System



      google.com                                           74.125.73.106

                                           (Name Server)




The Internet is a Series of Tubes
Something Useful?
     Some DNS Records Types

          A – Map an domain to an IP address
            google.com => 74.125.73.105
          CNAME – Map a domain to another domain
            catz.whatcheer.com => cats.whatcheer.com
          MX – Map a domain to it's (inbound) mail servers
            10 mail.google.com
          TXT – Arbitrary human readable notes
            Oh hai.

The Internet is a Series of Tubes
Something Useful?
     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ dig @dns1.stabletransit.com whatcheer.com any

     ...snip...

     ;; ANSWER SECTION:
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN SOA       dns1.stabletransit.com. ipadmin.stabletransit.com.
     1313437917 3600 300 1814400 300
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN MX        10 ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.com.
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN MX        20 ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.com.
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN MX        20 ALT2.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.com.
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN MX        30 ASPMX2.GOOGLEMAIL.com.
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN MX        30 ASPMX3.GOOGLEMAIL.com.
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN MX        30 ASPMX4.GOOGLEMAIL.com.
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN MX        30 ASPMX5.GOOGLEMAIL.com.
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN NS        dns1.stabletransit.com.
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN NS        dns2.stabletransit.com.
     whatcheer.com.        3600 IN A         98.129.229.176

     ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
     dns1.stabletransit.com.        300 IN   A   69.20.95.4
     dns2.stabletransit.com.        300 IN   A   65.61.188.4

     ...snip...

     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$


The Internet is a Series of Tubes
DNS Server




                                      ?
                  You                            whatcheer.com
            (72.113.10.126)                      (???.???.??.???)
The Internet is a Series of Tubes
DNS Server

   whatcheer.com?


                                    98.129.229.176



                                            ?
                  You                                 whatcheer.com
            (72.113.10.126)                           (???.???.??.???)
The Internet is a Series of Tubes
DNS Server




                  You                             whatcheer.com
            (72.113.10.126)                      (98.129.229.176)
The Internet is a Series of Tubes
Something Useful?
     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ ping -c 1 whatcheer.com
     PING whatcheer.com (98.129.229.176) 56(84) bytes of data.
     <snip>
     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$




                                                   whatcheer.com   127.0.0.1




     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ ping -c 1 whatcheer.com
     PING whatcheer.com (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
     <snip>
     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$


                   http://detoursapp.com/ - Jerod Santo @sant0sk1

The Internet is a Series of Tubes
DNS Server




                  You                             whatcheer.com
            (72.113.10.126)                      (98.129.229.176)
The Internet is a Series of Tubes
DNS Server




                  You                            whatcheer.com
            (72.113.10.126)                       (127.0.0.1)
The Internet is a Series of Tubes
DNS Server




                  You                             whatcheer.com
            (72.113.10.126)                      (98.129.229.176)
The Internet is a Series of Tubes
Sweet HTTP
     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ telnet whatcheer.com 80
     Trying 98.129.229.176...
     Connected to whatcheer.com.
     Escape character is '^]'.
     GET / HTTP/1.1
     Host: whatcheer.com
     User-Agent: John Hobbs (like Gecko)

     HTTP/1.1 200 OK
     Server: Apache/2.2
     Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
     Date: Fri, 02 Sep 2011 18:53:13 GMT
     Transfer-Encoding: chunked
     Connection: Keep-Alive
     Set-Cookie: X-Mapping-dghlffcp=3CB0F424661D80A0FCF7A43668C564F3; path=/

     1ff3
     <!DOCTYPE html>
     <html lang="en">
     ...snip...
     </html>
     0

     jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$



The Internet is a Series of Tubes
The Internet is a Series of Tubes
Discussion


                        Questions?
                        Comments?

The Internet is a Series of Tubes

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The Internet Is a Series of Tubes

  • 1. The Internet is a Series of Tubes A Practical Understanding of the Internet
  • 2. Who are you? John Hobbs - Developer at What Cheer - @jmhobbs - https://github.com/jmhobbs - http://velvetcache.org/ The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 3. This is the Internet The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 4. ? You What Cheer The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 5. This is Your Computer 72.113.10.126 (sort of) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 6. ? You whatcheer.com (72.113.10.126) (???.???.??.???) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 7. Connecting Computers jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ ping -c 3 192.168.1.2 PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=4.98 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=2.58 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=2.60 ms --- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.584/3.390/4.985/1.128 ms jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.2 (Me) (Alex) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 8. Translating Your Desires The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 9. DNS! The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 10. Translating Your Desires DNS Domain Name System google.com 74.125.73.106 (Name Server) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 11. Something Useful? Some DNS Records Types A – Map an domain to an IP address google.com => 74.125.73.105 CNAME – Map a domain to another domain catz.whatcheer.com => cats.whatcheer.com MX – Map a domain to it's (inbound) mail servers 10 mail.google.com TXT – Arbitrary human readable notes Oh hai. The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 12. Something Useful? jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ dig @dns1.stabletransit.com whatcheer.com any ...snip... ;; ANSWER SECTION: whatcheer.com. 3600 IN SOA dns1.stabletransit.com. ipadmin.stabletransit.com. 1313437917 3600 300 1814400 300 whatcheer.com. 3600 IN MX 10 ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.com. whatcheer.com. 3600 IN MX 20 ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.com. whatcheer.com. 3600 IN MX 20 ALT2.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.com. whatcheer.com. 3600 IN MX 30 ASPMX2.GOOGLEMAIL.com. whatcheer.com. 3600 IN MX 30 ASPMX3.GOOGLEMAIL.com. whatcheer.com. 3600 IN MX 30 ASPMX4.GOOGLEMAIL.com. whatcheer.com. 3600 IN MX 30 ASPMX5.GOOGLEMAIL.com. whatcheer.com. 3600 IN NS dns1.stabletransit.com. whatcheer.com. 3600 IN NS dns2.stabletransit.com. whatcheer.com. 3600 IN A 98.129.229.176 ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: dns1.stabletransit.com. 300 IN A 69.20.95.4 dns2.stabletransit.com. 300 IN A 65.61.188.4 ...snip... jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 13. DNS Server ? You whatcheer.com (72.113.10.126) (???.???.??.???) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 14. DNS Server whatcheer.com? 98.129.229.176 ? You whatcheer.com (72.113.10.126) (???.???.??.???) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 15. DNS Server You whatcheer.com (72.113.10.126) (98.129.229.176) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 16. Something Useful? jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ ping -c 1 whatcheer.com PING whatcheer.com (98.129.229.176) 56(84) bytes of data. <snip> jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ whatcheer.com 127.0.0.1 jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ ping -c 1 whatcheer.com PING whatcheer.com (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. <snip> jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ http://detoursapp.com/ - Jerod Santo @sant0sk1 The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 17. DNS Server You whatcheer.com (72.113.10.126) (98.129.229.176) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 18. DNS Server You whatcheer.com (72.113.10.126) (127.0.0.1) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 19. DNS Server You whatcheer.com (72.113.10.126) (98.129.229.176) The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 20. Sweet HTTP jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ telnet whatcheer.com 80 Trying 98.129.229.176... Connected to whatcheer.com. Escape character is '^]'. GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: whatcheer.com User-Agent: John Hobbs (like Gecko) HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Apache/2.2 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Date: Fri, 02 Sep 2011 18:53:13 GMT Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: Keep-Alive Set-Cookie: X-Mapping-dghlffcp=3CB0F424661D80A0FCF7A43668C564F3; path=/ 1ff3 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> ...snip... </html> 0 jmhobbs@Cordelia:~$ The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 21. The Internet is a Series of Tubes
  • 22. Discussion Questions? Comments? The Internet is a Series of Tubes