1. JOCELYN I. BARTOLATA, Ed.D

2. 1. TITLE PAGE
This presents the title, full name of the author,
submission statement (which includes the
faculty and the institution), the degree sought,
and the month and year when the degree is or
will be granted.
Words such as “an analysis” should be avoided
when redundant. Subtitles should be used when
they contribute to the descriptive title of the
research. This will be determined by the panel.

3. 2. RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL
EXAMINATION/THESIS COMMITTEE
This contains the recommendation for
consideration of the research by the adviser
to the thesis committee. The page also bears
the signature of the members of the
committee recommending the thesis for oral
examination.

4. 3. RESULT OF THE ORAL EXAMINATION
This certifies that the thesis has passed the
oral examination. It bears the signature of
the members of the panel as well as the
action taken by the members.

5. 4. APPROVAL SHEET
The page provides space for the signatures
of the research professor, the department
chair and the dean to indicate their
acceptance of the work.
(note: all names for signature should be
typed in all capital letters.)

6. 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
These are expressions of appreciation for
support, assistance, guidance, generosity.
Since this is considered the researchers’
page, only grammar and mechanics will be
critiqued. There must be only one per study,
even for tandem or group researches. First or
third person may be used.

7. 6. ABSTRACT
A one- or two-page descriptive summary of
the research, not a repetition of chapter 1 nor
chapter 5. It must briefly include the
statement of the problem or issue, theoretical
basis, research method and design, major
findings and their significance and the
conclusions. It is the research in capsule
form.

8. 7. TABLE OF CONTENTS
This lists all the elements with their
respective pages. The numbering of pages,
wording, capitalization, and punctuation
should be exactly as they appear in the text.
(note: Capitalize titles of preliminaries,
including in the table of contents.)

9. CHAPTER 1 – Introduction
Rationale. This provides a clear picture of the
broad problem(s) or research question(s) under
investigation; some supportive background
information and the reason(s) why the research is
needed. It is usually two to three pages long; is
meant to capture the reader's attention and to
introduce the topic; and is written in the present
tense.

10. Statement of the Problem.
The general statement of the problem should
be a single, clear and unambiguous question
regarding the specific problem to be
investigated. This part also contains the
specific sub-problems which are feasible,
clear, significant and ethical. The number of
sub-problems will depend on the depth and
magnitude of the problem, to be agreed upon
by the panel.

11. Characteristics of Good Research Questions
a. The question is feasible - It can be investigated with available
resources.
b. The question is clear - One way to clarify an ambiguous research
question is to identify conceptual and operational definitions of key
terms in the research question.
c. The question is significant - Why would it be important to answer
this question? How might answers to this question contribute to my
field?
d. The question is ethical - Any physical or psychological harm for
anyone as a result of my research?
e. The question should be of your interest

12. Researchable vs. Non-Researchable Questions
 A researchable question should contain information that can be
collected in attempt to answer the question.
(examples)
 “Should I put my youngster in pre-school?” (Not researchable)
“Do children enrolled in pre-school develop better social skills
than children not enrolled?”
 “Are some people born bad?” Not researchable.
 “Do people who have personality disorders commit more crimes
than others?”

13. Scope and Delimitation
 Limitations are shortcomings, conditions or influences that
cannot be controlled by the researcher. Any limitations
that might influence the results should be mentioned.
 Delimitations are choices made by the researcher which
should be mentioned.
 Significance of the Study
 Explains the contribution of the research to the body of
knowledge, its significance to theory and practice.

14.  CHAPTER 2 - Review of Related Literature
Literature Review
 This a review of non-research works & related studies. It
establishes the value of the research and how it fits in with
other research
 The rationale for incorporating the review of the literature in
the research is that when you substantiate what you say, you
usually substantiate it through the literature you have read
.The literature review is a series of references, not a
bibliography. Only the literature that you have used to
substantiate your problem is included in your literature
review. Not everything that you have read about your
problem is relevant to your research and therefore should not
be included.
“

15.  Discussion may be around key variables or
concepts. Do a brief review of information,
not a comprehensive report. Always refer to
the original source. Emphasize important
results and conclusions of other studies,
relevant trends and data from previous
researches and methods and designs.
Discuss how the literature applies to the
study you are proposing. Summarize
important aspects of the literature and
interpret in terms of your problem.

16.  Theoretical/Conceptual/Research Frameworks
 A theory is a statement (or set of statements) that links concepts
together in as explicit a way as possible. Following the example,
a theory could be “hard work by students in preparation for their
classes and exams causes their academic performance in college
courses to be strong.”
 Theories are not testable. They represent perceptions and
thoughts that need expression in more operational terms
 A framework is simply the structure of the idea or concept and
how it is put together. A theoretical framework, then, is an essay
that interrelate the theories involved in the question.

17.  Remember, a theory is a discussion of related concepts, while a
concept is a word or phrase that symbolizes several interrelated
ideas. Unlike a theory, a concept does not need to be discussed
to be understood. However, since you are using several
interrelated concepts in a new way, your conceptual framework
must explain the relationship among these concepts. Even if your
question does not include a theory, there is no doubt that it
contains at least one concept that needs to be explained or
described in relation to the question as a whole.
 Look at your question again. How many ideas—as expressed in
words—does your question contain? Look at each of your
definitions. More than likely the question is a sequence of related
ideas that form a concept rather than a single idea. If so, you
must write a conceptual framework that explains the
interrelationship of all of the ideas in your question.

18.  Examples:
The author’s psyche is reflected in his literary
works.
◦ Personal experiences
◦ Hidden desires
◦ Personal beliefs
The Legacy of Greek Drama on Modern Drama
◦ Conventions in terms of the elements of fiction
◦ Similarities and Differences
◦ Function of the myth

19.  Theoretical Model. A structural/graphical
representation of the theoretical framework.
 Conceptual Model. A structural / graphical
representation of the conceptual framework.

20. Definition of Terms
 Definition of Terms is a very brief section
consisting of a series of definitions of the key
terms or concepts found in the proposal. Since
some words like "recreation" or "leisure" may
have various meanings, it is important to clarify
to the reader the way they are used in the
proposal. Unfamiliar or technical words may also
require an exact definition.

21.  Conceptual definition
◦ - A dictionary-like definition.
◦ - It broadly defines a term.
◦ - It helps researchers to say more clearly what is meant.
◦ - Sometimes, not clear enough for a specific situation.
 • Operational definition
◦ - A situated definition that a researcher intends to look
at.
◦ - It precisely defines a term to be measured or
identified.

22. For easy reading, terms should be highlighted and in
alphabetical order. (researchers should look for
definitions that fit the purpose, not just any definition
they come across.)
Primary sources are original, first-hand documents
such as creative works, research studies, diaries and
letters, or interviews you conduct. Secondary sources
are comments about primary sources such as
analyses of creative work or original research, or
historical interpretations of diaries and letters.

23.  CHAPTER 3 - Research Design and Methodology
Research Method. This tells the type of research
(descriptive, historical, experimental, ethnographic, etc)
used; data collection technique or the means of gathering
data – content analysis, interviewing, questionnaire, etc.
Sources of Data. Individuals (key-informant, interviewees,
respondents) and documents (newspapers, magazines,
story, novel, poetry). Should the sources of data be the
respondents alone, “Respondents” may be used as sub-
heading.
Data Gathering Procedure. Explains in detail how data are
gathered. Also includes how the analysis is done.

24.  CHAPTER 4 – Results and Discussion
 (Here, data are presented, analyzed and
interpreted according to the sub-problems).
Remember the characteristics of research. A
summary of these characteristics is made
by Best and is presented as follows:
1. Research gathers new data or knowledge
from primary or first-hand sources.
◦ Do not merely restate or reorganize what is
already known or what has already been written.

25. 2. Research is expert, systematic and accurate investigation.
 As a researcher you should know what is already known
about your problem. Data are gathered, recorded and
analyzed with as much accuracy as possible.
3. Research is logical and objective, applying every possible
test to verify the data collected and the procedures
employed.
 Research endeavors to organize data in quantitative terms,
IF POSSIBLE.
 Research is patient and unhurried. You should be willing
to exert painstaking effort, suspending judgment to
permit the data and logic to lead to a sound conclusion.
4. Research is carefully recorded and reported.
 All references are carefully documented
 All interpretations are carefully arrived at

26.  CHAPTER 5 – Summary of Findings, Conclusions
and Recommendations
 Summary of Findings. These are brief statements
of findings, as summarized from Chapter 4.
 Conclusions. These are generalizations that
answer the research problems. These are end-
results of induction.
 Recommendations. These are usually
recommendations along the sub-problems and
recommendations for further study.
 (note: Chapter titles should be written thus:
CHAPTER (all caps) 1 (Arabic numeral);
Introduction (upper/lower case, in boldface)

27.  Back Matter includes the bibliography,
appendices and curriculum vitae.
 Bibliography. This cites references actually used
as properly classified. (Chicago Manual)
 Appendices. These are materials which are
relevant to the understanding of research but do
not have much place in the body.
 Curriculum Vitae. This highlights credentials
of researcher/s. Picture/s of researchers in this
section should be formal