This document discusses sex, gender, and related social issues over multiple pages. It defines sex as biological characteristics and gender as behaviors and roles influenced by culture. It describes early sex development in embryos and potential disorders. It also outlines the sexual response cycle, primary/secondary sex characteristics, common dysfunctions, health issues, sexually transmitted diseases, influences on gender roles and stereotypes, dual-earner families, and trends in women's career choices.

1. Sex and Gender
Chapter 10 4th Edition
10-1

2. [Graphic]
http://www.birthdiaries.com/diary/41vbirth.htm

3. Sex and Gender
• Sex – biological makeup: XX or XY
• Gender – behaviors, characteristics, roles,
and physical appearance. Largely related
to culture.
• Hermaphrodite
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4. Sex and Gender
• Early in development, the embryo's gonad (sex
gland) can develop into either a testis or an
ovary.
• The presence of a Y chromosome directs this
undifferentiated gonad to develop into a testis.
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7-week fetus

5. Sex and Gender
• Excessively high
levels of androgens
during fetal period >
adrenogenital
syndrome
• Androgen insensitivity
syndrome > male
embryo does not
respond to male
hormones.
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6. Sexual Response Cycle
10-6

7. Primary/secondary sexual
characteristics
10-7

8. Common Sexual Dysfunctions
• Hypoactive (inhibited)
sexual desire
• Sexual aversion
• Inhibited female orgasm
• Premature ejaculation link
• Erectile disorder
• Retarded ejaculation
• Dyspareunia
– Vaginismus
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9. Health Issues
• Women
– Regular gynecological exams
– Regular breast self-examination –
MD should teach you on every visit.
http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/testing/self_exam/bse_steps.jsp
– Mammogram
• Men
– Testicular self-examination
– http://tcrc.acor.org/tcexam.html
– Prostate exam
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10. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(Graphic Photos)
• About 25% of sexually
active teens
• AIDS
• Chlamydia
• Genital Warts
(human papilloma virus)
• Genital Herpes
• Trichomoniasis
• Gonorrhea
• Syphilis (next)
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11. Gender Roles and Gender Stereotypes
• Children in all parts of the world learn gender
stereotypes rapidly and at an early age.
• The mass media influence the
learning of gender stereotypes.
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12. Similarities and Differences
Between Males and Females
See also P. 440
• Males perform better in mathematical and
spatial abilities
• Females perform better on tests of verbal
ability
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13. Similarities and Differences
Between Males and Females
More differences
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14. Social Issues
• There are many more dentists in the
United States who are men; there are
many more dentists in Sweden and
Russia who are women. What accounts
for the differences?
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15. Social Issues
• Continued reliance on gender stereotypes
can result in sexism-differential treatment
of individuals based on their sex.
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16. Social Issues
• Women earn more undergraduate college/university
degrees than men.
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17. Social Issues
• Sexual harassment has been defined as;
– (1) coercion of sexual favors by means of
promised rewards or threatened punishments
(quid pro quo)
– (2) creation of a hostile environment.
• Hostile Sexism
• Benevolent Sexism
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18. Dual-Earner Couples
• Close to ¾ of married women with school-
aged children work outside the home.
• More than 50% of mothers of 1-year-olds
work outside the home.
• In majority of families, both partners work, but
wife generally spends more time taking care
of the children.
• Husbands do outside chores mostly, and
women do the housework, child care, meal
preparation.
[next]
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19. Social Issues
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20. Gender and Career Choices:
Women’s Work
U.S Census Data, 2005
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