2. A. What is Science?
1. Science is an organized way of studying
things and answering questions.
B. Types of Science
1. Physics: Study of energy, matter, and motion.
2. Chemistry: Study of elements and how they
behave.
3. Earth Science: Study of Earth and the universe;
how they all work.
3. 4. Life Science:
a. Zoology: study of animals
b. Botany: study of plants
c. Ecology: study of organisms and their
relationship with the environment.
d. Genetics: Study of how traits are passed
between generations.
4. C. Scientific Method: A series of steps used to
try and solve problems.
1. Steps of the Scientific Method
a. State the problem.
b. Gather information (data)
c. Form a hypothesis (Prediction or educated
guess)
d. Test the hypothesis (experiment)
e. Analyze results-Determine what the experiment
proved; was your hypothesis correct?
f. Draw a conclusion: A logical answer to the
problem.
5. 2. Parts of an Experiment
a. Control: Something that stays the same
b. Variable: Something that changes in the experiment.
c. Each experiment should test only 1 variable at a time.
D. Theories and Laws
1. Theory: An explanation of things based on many
observations and experiments.
a. A theory usually explains a hypothesis, or it supports a
hypothesis.
b. Theories can be changed if new evidence changes the
conclusion.
c. Example of a Theory: Theory of Evolution.
6. 2. Law: A statement that explains HOW things
work in nature. They SEEM to be true all of the
time.
a. Example: Law of Gravity, Newton’s Law of Motion.
E. International System of Units (SI)
1. Started by scientists in the 1970’s.
2. Based on the #10
3. Used by most of the world (Not the U.S.)
F. Key Terms in the SI system.
1. Mass: Measure of the amount of matter in an
object. Does not change with location.
a. SI units for mass is the gram.
7. 2. Weight: The measure of the amount of gravity
holding an object down, changes daily based on
location of the object.
a. Closer to the center of the Earth, the more the object
weighs.
b. The SI unit for weight is the NEWTON.
3. Volume: The amount of space occupied by an
object.
a. SI units is LITERS.
4. Length: A measure of distance
a. SI unit: Meters
5. SI system uses three main units: Liters, Meters,
Grams.
8. G. Prefixes used in the SI System.
How to
Remember
Prefix Abbreviation
for prefix
Multiplier
King Kilo k (kg, km) 1000
Henry Hecto h (hm, hg) 100
Died Deca da (dag, dam) 10
By Base None (g, m, l)
Single letters!!
1
Drinking deci d (dm, dg) 1/10
Chocolate centi c (cm, cl, cg) 1/100
Milk milli m (ml, mm,
mg)
1/1000
9. H. Temperature (International System)
1. The U.S is the only major country to use the
Fahrenheit Scale.
2. Almost all other countries use Celsius to measure
temperature.
I. Converting Temperatures
1. Fahrenheit to Celsius
a. (F – 32) / 1.8
2. Celsius to Fahrenheit
a. (Celsius X 1.8) + 32
