This document summarizes John Ingalls' presentation at the 2011 International Astronautical Congress on optimizing technical publications. It discusses how technical publications are used for ground processing, on the Space Shuttle, and on the International Space Station. It introduces the S1000D specification as the next generation standard for technical publications and how it could benefit the space industry. The document also outlines related specifications for integrated logistics support.

1. John Ingalls
Oct 3, 2011
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC),
and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the
public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

2. • John Ingalls, United Space Alliance, LLC (USA)
– Senior Engineer, Launch & Recovery Systems
– S1000D USSMG (U.S. Specification Maintenance Group)
 International Specification for Technical Publications
– AIA’s SSFA (Strategic Standardization Forum for Aerospace)
– AIAA Senior Member
• About USA
– Joint venture, Boeing and Lockheed-Martin
– Numerous services and products for space and defense
– John is from the Florida division at NASA Kennedy Space Center
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 1
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

3. • Introduction
• Ground Processing Technical Publications
• On-Orbit Technical Publications – Shuttle
• On-Orbit Technical Publications – ISS
• Optimization Via S1000D Standard
• S1000D – Space Industry Opportunities
• Integration Via Global Standards Suite
• Conclusion
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 2
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

4. Organization of Technical Data is Key to Efficiency & Safety
According to 2006 study of information/knowledge workers’ time spent:
48 % – searching (9.5 hours/week) & analyzing (9.6 hours/week) information.
3.5 hours/week – in unproductive searches (info not found).
3 hours/week – recreating content that already exists.
• Technical Data
– Part of Integrated Logistics / Product Support (ILS / IPS)
• Technical Publications (“Tech Pubs”)
– Procedures and manuals
– Paper-based and non-interactive electronic documents
– Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals/Publications (IETM / IETP)
– Database-oriented paperless procedures
• Space Industry Tech Pubs
– Used in ground processing
– Used in-flight / on-orbit
– Often unique types/sets for each program, mission, element
– Finding correct information quickly can be a safety issue
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 3
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

5. • Ground Processing – Flight Hardware, Equipment, & Facilities
– “Manufacturing” assembly operations (-not part fabrication)
– Integration and test
– In-process maintenance and repair
– Launch operations
– Reusable / returnable vehicles also include post-flight activities:
 Landing and recovery
 Inspection, refurbishment, maintenance
 Overhaul, modification, reconfiguration
Design
Fabricate
Assemble
/ Integrate
Operate (launch
& on-orbit)
Ground Processing
In-flight,
On-orbit
Land /
Recover
Maintain /
Turnaround
Dispose
Ground Processing
• Each Facet Often Has Different Technical Publication Types/Sets
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 4
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

6. • Space Shuttle “Tech Pubs” for Astronauts
– Used for missions operations by astronauts and ground controllers
– Flight Data Files (FDF)
 100% paper manuals/procedures for whole Shuttle program
– Other special procedure types used:
 Cuff checklists for EVA
(spacewalk), on special paper
 Large collection of
cue cards, on cardstock
 Pocket checklists: 5-min time
critical procedures, small size
– Shuttle cockpit “resembles a library”
(click for video)
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 5
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

7. • International Space Station (ISS) “Tech Pubs” for Astronauts
– Used to operate, maintain, resupply, including training
• ODF = Operations Data File
– Procedures to operate and maintain ISS systems, payloads, ATV/HTV’s
– Used by ground controllers, on-board crew, & on-orbit executor software
• IPV (International Procedure Viewer)
– IETM (Interactive Electronic Technical Manual) of ODF’s & other data
– Used by International Partners (IP)
– Author ODFs in Word, convert to XML
– Uses custom XML schema for ODFs
Major Features:
– XML viewer
– Interaction (links, data collection)
– Parameters (Applicability) custom views
– XML tags can enable other applications
 e.g. – stowage database
– Favorite: Step marker, for placeholder and quick direct scroll to next step
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 6
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

8. • Flight Software Command & Control
– Read commands in IPV, execute on separate flight software display
– European Space Agency (ESA) developed an integration of IPV /
Flight software
ODFs with flight software
window
 Flight software station has 2 windows in one display
Matching
– ODF step activates a flight display on same screen
command
– Execution is a separate click
– IPV could directly execute,
but does not due to
safety concerns
– ESA is evaluating
voice-activated commands
ODF window
ODF command step
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 7
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

9. • S1000D—the Next Generation in Tech Pubs
– 1985 European specification now global, via ASD, AIA, & ATA
– Designed for air, land & sea vehicles & equipment—open to more
– Examples of industry use:
 Boeing 787, Global Hawk, AMRAAM missile, CH148 Cyclone
helicopter, EMALS/AAG systems on CVN78 ship
• S1000D Powerful Features
– Based on International Standards (W3C, ATA, ISO)
– Electronic Publications (IETM/IETP)
– Standard Numbering System (SNS) Product Breakdown Structure
– Modularity for Reusability / Repurposing
– Common Source Database (CSDB)
– Illustrations, Hotspotting, Multimedia, and CAD
– Applicability—Structured Configuration Varieties
– Business Rules Exchange (BREX)
– XML industry standard – interoperable with other applications
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 8
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

10. • SNS Structure in the S1000D Data Module Code (DMC)
• Variable Character Length: min. 17 to max. 41 (gray X is optional)
Hardware / System Identification
Information Type
Learn Type
MI: Model
Identification
SDC: System
Difference
Code
SNS: Standard
Numbering
System
DC/DCV:
Disassembly
Code/Variant
IC/ICV:
Information
Code/Variant
ILC: Item
Location Code
(Opt.) LC/LEC:
Learn / Learn
Event Code
Product/project
Id. alt. versions
of sys’s in SNS
Sys-Subsy-Unit
• Initial XX-X is
set by MICC
Further
breakdown for
maintenance
Type of Info:
IC=3 char.
0xx–Function,
data, descrip.
1xx–Operation
2xx–Servicing
3xx–Exam / test
4xx–Fault isolate
5xx–Disconnect
/ remove
6xx–Repair /
make
7xx–Assy / instl
8xx–Storage
9xx–Misc
Situation/place
applicable to
the info
LC=3 char.
Hxx –Human
performance
technology
Txx –Training
Examples:
• 1F22B=F-22 B
• DC9=Boe. DC-9
• Mi38=Mil Mi-38
Helicop.(Russia)
• JJ=Saab GSE
• AA=Apache
missile (France)
• PW1000G=P&W
engine series
• GalULS=Galileo
uplink station
(Opt.) MICC:
Materiel Item
Category Code
DC=2 char.
DCV=1-3 char.
SNS code set:
A –Generic
B –Supt/train eqpt.
C –Ordnance
D –General comm.
E –Air vehicle
F –Missile
G –Surface vehicle
H –Sea vehicle
A –Installed
B –Installed on a
removed
major assy
C –On bench
D –Combo of A,
B, & C
T –Training info
only if no LC
Z –Generic
LEC=1 char.
A –Learn plan
B –Learn
overview
C –Learn
content
D –Learn
summary
E –Learn
assessment
ICV =1 char.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
-XXXX-X XX-XX-XXXX -XXXXX
2011 International Astronautical Congress
-XXXX -X Page 9
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

11. • S1000D Known Space Use
– (U.S.) SpaceLift Range System, (Germany) DLR’s Galileo satellite ground
station, (Italy) ESO’s space telescope
• S1000D Opportunities
– Applicable to any space product: flight hardware, equipment, facilities
– Example DMC / SNS product breakdown structures, if S1000D is used:
MI: Model Identification
SDC: System
Difference
Code
(Opt.) MICC:
Materiel Item
Category Code
SNS: Standard
Numbering System
DC/DCV:
Disassembly
Code/Variant
Product/project
Id. alt. versions
of sys’s in SNS
SNS code set:
A –Generic
B –Supt/train eqpt.
E –Aerosp vehicle
F –Missile/rocket
H –Sea vehicle
S –Space station
Sys-Subsy-Unit
• Initial XX-X is set by
MICC
24 Vehicle Elec. Power
-30 DC Generation
74 Engine Ignition
-10 Elec. Power Supply
Further
breakdown for
maintenance
Potential Examples:
• AtlasV5=Atlas V 500 Series
• X37=X37 Orbital Test Vehicle
• DC1=Dream Chaser 001
• RD180=RD-180 Engine
ATLASV500XXXXX -501X -F 24-30-00XX -000XX -…-…
X37BXXXXXXXXXX -OTV1-E 24-30-00XX -000XX -…-…
RD180XXXXXXXXX -0XXX -F 74-10-00XX -000XX -…-…
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 10
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

12. • S-series Specifications (Companions to S1000D)
– Jointly managed by Europe’s ASD & America’s AIA
– ILS (Integrated Logistics Support)/IPS (Integrated Product Support)
– Goal: lifecycle interoperability, from design through sustainment
Operational & Maintenance Data Feedback – Functional Coverage by S5000F
Feedback
Data
Optimize by
data
feedback
Design of Systems and
Support Equipment
Ops Data
Provisioning
Data
Logistics
Support
Analysis
• Equipment
Identification
LSA data
Provisioning
IN
IP Data
Subsets
• Design Data
S3000L
Design
Data
Scheduled
Maintenance
Analysis
Design
Data
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Order
Admin.
Log.
Materiel &
Data
S2000M
SERVICE
USE
LSA tasks / data
S1000D
Tech docs,
IETM,
other media
Technical
Data
Feedback
Publication
Data
Page 11
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

13. • Optimal Efficiencies with IT Integration to Enable Interoperability
• PLCS (Product LifeCycle Support) ISO 10303-239 Standard
CSDB
Materiel management
DEX3A&D
DEX1A&D
DEX3A&D
PLCS (ILS)
Repository
DEX1A&D
DEX2A&D
DEX2A&D
DEX7A&D
DEX9A&D
PDM
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 12
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

14. • Efficiency Requires Well-Organized Technical Data
• Non-Space Industry Standards Provide Optimized Solutions
– Ground processing and flight/mission operations can benefit
– Standard interfaces with design data are available
– S1000D for tech pubs: Emerging global standard; some space use
– S-Series global specifications provide ILS/IPS functionality
– PLCS standard integrates S-series for optimized interoperability
• Recommend S-series + PLCS Standards
• Space Industry Opportunities
– Recommend to expand current ILS/IPS standards efforts
– Utilize S-series/PLCS for new and some existing space products
– Join working groups of standards organizations (S-series, PLCS)
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 13
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

15. “The heart of the prudent acquires knowledge,
And the ear of the wise seeks knowledge.”
Proverb
QUESTIONS?
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 14
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

16. • Acknowledgements
– Michael Hurt, United Space Alliance, LLC, ISS SODF Manager
• References
– “The Hidden Costs of Information Work”, a 2006 IDC (International Data Corporation) study of
information/knowledge workers in financial services, government, manufacturing and healthcare
organizations in the U.S. is quoted in numerous articles, including those listed here and used for this paper.
URLs: Used citations at http://h41320.www4.hp.com/ipge/pdf/Spotlight_on_costs_3.pdf ,
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb887531.aspx ,
http://www.tribridge.com/Libraries/White_Papers/WP-EnterpriseSearchMicrosoft.sflb.ashx , and
http://www.opentext.com/2/global/press-release-details.html?id=2203 [cited Sep. 6, 2011].
– Martignano, Wolff, Brauer, & Kiernan, “Software assisted authoring and viewing of ISS crew procedures”,
Acta Astronautica 61 (2007), Science Direct, [Viewed online Sep 23, 2011], URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576507001245 .
– Plaßmeier, F., “LAPAP MK II, The Next Generation Crew Interface for Columbus”, EADS Astrium, 2006-0627, URL: http://e-columbus.de/projects/lapap/download/index.html .
– Shuttle cockpit photo, courtesy of NASA, URL: http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts114/html/jsc2005e08935.html .
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 15
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

17. BACKUP CHARTS
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 16
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

18. • S-series Specifications
International Specification for Technical Publications
International Specification for Materiel Management
International Procedure Specification for Logistic Support Analysis (LSA)
International Procedural Handbook for Developing Scheduled
Maintenance Programs (-scheduled to release in 2011)
International Application Handbook for Operational and Maintenance
Data Feedback (-developing to release in 2012)
• Companion Standards to S1000D
ASD STE 100: Simplified Technical English, International Specification
SCORM (Shareable Content Object Reference Model), a standard for
web-based e-learning
• All Can Integrate Via The PLCS Interoperability Standard
ISO 10303-239 Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS)
—part of 10303 STEP standard (-203=3D config, -233=Sys engr data)
2011 International Astronautical Congress
Page 17
Copyright © 2011 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contracts NAS9-20000 (SPOC), NNJ09HA15C (IMOC), and BBM005CH9 (FDOC). The
U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of
the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.