Magento 2 Dependency Injection, Interceptors, and You - php[world] 2015
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Magento 2 introduces dependency injection and interceptors, two approaches to creating a more flexible, extendable architecture. These concepts are new to many PHP developers, but they are critical to understanding and taking advantage of the power and flexibility of Magento 2. Let's take a high-level look at these concepts, and then dive into some real examples of how to utilize these techniques in your development work with Magento 2.
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Magento 2 Dependency Injection, Interceptors, and You - php[world] 2015
- 1. PRESENTED BY JOSHUA WARREN PRESENTED AT PHPWORLD 2015 Magento 2 DEPENDENCY INJECTION, INTERCEPTORS AND YOU
- 3. JoshuaWarren.com Magento 2 officially released yesterday! #phpworld
- 4. JoshuaWarren.com 100 slides in ~45 minutes lots of code focus on the concepts, download the slides later #phpworld
- 6. JoshuaWarren.com My Experience PHP Developer Since 1999 Founded Creatuity in 2008 Focused on the Magento platform #phpworld
- 7. JoshuaWarren.com early adopter of both Magento 1 and Magento 2 #phpworld
- 9. JoshuaWarren.com Led the Creatuity team in building 3 Magento 2 extensions (more on the way!) #phpworld
- 10. JoshuaWarren.com Already migrating a few merchants from Magento 1 to Magento 2 #phpworld
- 11. JoshuaWarren.com Wrote Writing the book on Magento 2 #phpworld
- 12. JoshuaWarren.com Not a Magento employee, but working closely with the development, documentation & product teams on Magento 2 #phpworld
- 13. JoshuaWarren.com A quick note for any Magento 1 developers in the audience… #phpworld
- 15. JoshuaWarren.com …for PHP developers new to Magento. #phpworld
- 16. JoshuaWarren.com PHP developers are learning Magento 2 faster than many Magento 1 developers. #phpworld
- 17. JoshuaWarren.com Approach Magento 2 with a desire to learn and understand the underlying patterns. #phpworld
- 18. JoshuaWarren.com Don’t approach Magento 2 with the thought “how do I make my Magento 1 code work here” #phpworld
- 20. JoshuaWarren.com Shoshin is a Zen concept meaning “beginner’s mind” #phpworld
- 21. JoshuaWarren.com An attitude of openness, eagerness and lack of preconceptions. #phpworld
- 22. JoshuaWarren.com No matter your level of Magento 1 experience, approach Magento 2 with a beginner’s mind #phpworld
- 23. JoshuaWarren.com With that mind, let’s dive into Magento 2… #phpworld
- 26. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld Composer composer create-project magento/product-community-edition -- stability="beta" <installation directory name>
- 27. JoshuaWarren.com Each Magento 2 module is a separate Composer package #phpworld
- 29. JoshuaWarren.com Testing built in from the start. phpunit, selenium, JMeter, Jasmine #phpworld
- 30. JoshuaWarren.com HTML5, CSS3, LESS CSS Preprocessor, JQuery, RequireJS #phpworld
- 31. JoshuaWarren.com Components from Zend Framework 1, Zend Framework 2, Symfony #phpworld
- 33. JoshuaWarren.com Presentation Layer, Service Layer, Domain Layer, Persistence Layer #phpworld
- 35. JoshuaWarren.com Presentation Layer - views, literally and figuratively #phpworld
- 36. JoshuaWarren.com Service Layer - an intermediary between the presentation and model layers #phpworld
- 37. JoshuaWarren.com Service layer provides a stable, backwards-compatible interface and forms the foundation for dependency injection. #phpworld
- 38. JoshuaWarren.com Domain layer - business logic, including models. Contains the implementation of service contracts. #phpworld
- 39. JoshuaWarren.com Persistence Layer - resource models that perform CRUD operations on database tables. #phpworld
- 40. JoshuaWarren.com Some models use a single table, others continue to use the Entity-Attribute-Value design pattern used in Magento 1. #phpworld
- 47. JoshuaWarren.com Start your Magento 2 journey learning the basics of these design patterns #phpworld
- 48. JoshuaWarren.com We are going to take a closer look at two patterns today: dependency injection and interceptors #phpworld
- 49. DEPENDENCY INJECTION Sorry - no cool photo here, because I don’t like needles…
- 50. JoshuaWarren.com DI is exactly what it sounds like - injecting dependencies into the objects that need them. #phpworld
- 51. JoshuaWarren.com It sounds complicated, but it’s not. #phpworld
- 52. JoshuaWarren.com Hollywood Principle: “Don’t call us, we’ll call you” #phpworld
- 53. JoshuaWarren.com With DI, instead of building an object in your class, it’s passed in via your constructor. #phpworld
- 54. JoshuaWarren.com DI is designed to reduce dependencies and promote loose coupling #phpworld
- 55. JoshuaWarren.com DI makes unit testing much easier #phpworld
- 56. JoshuaWarren.com DI allows for mocking - replacing things like the MySQL adapter with a mock object during testing #phpworld
- 57. JoshuaWarren.com Magento 2 uses the Constructor Injection pattern of DI #phpworld
- 58. JoshuaWarren.com This replaces the usage of the Mage class from Magento 1. #phpworld
- 59. JoshuaWarren.com DI in Magento 2 is Automatic Dependency Injection #phpworld
- 60. JoshuaWarren.com Objects do not need to locate the object or value in which it depends - it’s automatic. #phpworld
- 61. JoshuaWarren.com Magento’s object manager uses PHP’s reflection features to automatically instantiate needed objects #phpworld
- 62. JoshuaWarren.com DI in Magento 2 is handled via XML files #phpworld
- 63. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld di.xml <config xmlns:xsi=“[…]” xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=“[…]”> <virtualType name="MagentoSamplePaymentProviderBlockFormPayinstore" type="MagentoPaymentBlockForm" shared="false"> <arguments> <argument name="data" xsi:type="array"> <item name="template" xsi:type=“string"> Magento_SamplePaymentProvider::form/payinstore.phtml </item> </argument> </arguments> </virtualType> </config>
- 64. JoshuaWarren.com I highly recommend Alan Storm’s article “Magento 2’s Automatic Dependency Injection” #phpworld
- 65. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld Without Dependency Injection public function getFormattedPrice($sku) { $db = new DBHandler; $row = $db->query('SELECT price FROM products WHERE sku = ?', $sku); $formatter = new PriceFormatter; return $formatter->asDollars($row['price']); }
- 66. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld With Dependency Injection public function getFormattedPrice($sku, $db, $formatter) { $row = $db->query('SELECT price FROM products WHERE sku = ?', $sku); return $formatter->asDollars($row['price']); }
- 67. JoshuaWarren.com DI simplifies testing, maintenance and readability #phpworld
- 68. JoshuaWarren.com DI.XML is also where plugins following our next pattern to discuss are declared. #phpworld
- 69. INTERCEPTORS
- 70. JoshuaWarren.com Plugin system based on the interceptor pattern #phpworld
- 71. JoshuaWarren.com Calls to almost any module can be intercepted and altered #phpworld
- 72. JoshuaWarren.com Vast improvement over the rewrite pattern in Magento 1 - no more rewrite conflicts #phpworld
- 73. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld di.xml <config> <type name="{ObservedType}"> <plugin name="{pluginName}" type="{PluginClassName}" sortOrder="1" disabled="false"/> </type> </config>
- 74. JoshuaWarren.com Sort order defines order if multiple plugins intercept the same item #phpworld
- 75. JoshuaWarren.com Possible to intercept before, after and around a function #phpworld
- 76. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld ‘Before’ Interceptor class Plugin { public function beforeSetName(MagentoCatalogModelProduct $subject, $name) { return array('(' . $name . ')'); } }
- 77. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld ‘After’ Interceptor class Plugin { public function afterGetName(MagentoCatalogModelProduct $subject, $result) { return '|' . $result . '|'; } }
- 78. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld ‘Around’ Interceptor class Plugin { public function aroundSave(MagentoCatalogModelProduct $subject, Closure $proceed) { $this->doSomethingBeforeProductIsSaved(); $returnValue = $proceed(); if ($returnValue) { $this->postProductToFacebook(); } return $returnValue; } }
- 79. JoshuaWarren.com Check out the magento 2 sample modules repo for a module that demonstrates interception #phpworld
- 80. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld DI.xml <type name="MagentoSampleInterceptionModelInterceptedChildBefore"> <plugin name="Magento_SampleInterception::demoPluginBefore" type="MagentoSampleInterceptionPluginPluginBefore" /> </type> <type name="MagentoSampleInterceptionModelInterceptedChildAfter"> <plugin name="Magento_SampleInterception::demoPluginAfter" type="MagentoSampleInterceptionPluginPluginAfter" /> </type> <type name="MagentoSampleInterceptionModelInterceptedChildAround"> <plugin name="Magento_SampleInterception::demoPluginAround" type="MagentoSampleInterceptionPluginPluginAround" /> </type> <type name="MagentoSampleInterceptionModelInterceptedChildInherit"> <plugin name="Magento_SampleInterception::demoPluginInheritance" type="MagentoSampleInterceptionPluginParentPlugin" /> </type>
- 81. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld Plugin/PluginBefore.php public function beforeBaseMethodUppercase(ChildBefore $subject, $interceptedInput) { return ["(before) $interceptedInput (/before)"]; }
- 82. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld Plugin/PluginAfter.php public function afterBaseMethodUppercase(ChildAfter $subject, $interceptedOutput) { return "(after) $interceptedOutput (/after)"; }
- 83. JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld Plugin/PluginAround.php public function aroundBaseMethodUppercase(ChildAround $subject, Closure $proceed, $interceptedInput) { $argument = "(around: before base method) $interceptedInput (/around: before base method)"; $result = $proceed($argument); return "(around: after base method) $result (/around: after base method)"; }
- 84. JoshuaWarren.com Interceptors are a replacement for rewrites #phpworld
- 85. JoshuaWarren.com Interceptors supplement, but not replace, events and observers #phpworld
- 87. JoshuaWarren.com Please don’t define a sort order of 1 unless you really need it #phpworld
- 88. JoshuaWarren.com We’re all waiting to see what happens with sort order conflicts in real world usage #phpworld
- 89. JoshuaWarren.com Ideally, the largest extension authors will coordinate their sort order for common conflicts #phpworld
- 90. JoshuaWarren.com If not, when installing extensions, developers will need to modify their sort order to resolve conflicts. #phpworld
- 91. LEARNING MORE Don’t end up like this guy ->
- 92. JoshuaWarren.com devdocs.magento.com - ‘How Do I?’ magento.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/ magento2 https://github.com/magento/magento2-samples #phpworld
- 93. JoshuaWarren.com Read through the sample modules. #phpworld
- 94. JoshuaWarren.com The sample modules don’t currently work (see issue #42) #phpworld
- 95. JoshuaWarren.com In order to run the sample modules, you will have to add a registration.php file. #phpworld
- 96. JoshuaWarren.com Otherwise, they’re still a great resource to see dependency injection and interceptors in action. #phpworld
- 97. Dev Docs Team Team of hard-working technical writers (not developers) Writing documentation for a system that has yet to be used ‘in the wild’ Very eager for feedback and input - they don’t know what documentation you need Very open to pull requests of documentation or just open an issue on Github with feedback + requests JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld
- 98. Dev Docs Team JoshuaWarren.com #phpworld
- 99. JoshuaWarren.com Magento U Courses Fundamentals of Magento 2 Development Front-end Course #phpworld
- 101. JoshuaWarren.com Upcoming events: Magento Imagine - April 2016 #phpworld
- 102. JoshuaWarren.com As a freelancer… Learning Magento 2 Set aside time in your week to learn the design patterns Magento 2 uses Work through the sample code the Magento 2 team has provided Begin experimenting with developing with Magento 2 Do not try to learn ‘on the job’ - be careful accepting M2 work before you’re ready #phpworld
- 103. JoshuaWarren.com As an in-house developer for a merchant… Learning Magento 2 Determine when your business is likely to migrate to Magento 2 First 2-4 weeks of your Magento 2 migration schedule should be learning Magento 2 Learn the patterns before you start! #phpworld
- 104. JoshuaWarren.com As an agency or industry partner… Learning Magento 2 Create a tiger team of developers focused on Magento 2 Allow those developers time in the day to learn Magento 2 Those developers should implement your first Magento 2 projects That team then helps the rest of your team through the learning curve #phpworld
- 105. JoshuaWarren.com When do I need to be Magento 2 ready? Learning Magento 2 Magento 2 will be released late enough in the year that most merchants won’t begin using it immediately. Merchants will also wait until their mission-critical extensions are available on Magento 2. Start learning it now - but don’t panic! #phpworld
- 106. JoshuaWarren.com Programming With Magento 2 coming to amazon.com & phparch.com #phpworld