2. Before we start, we must know that...
★ Conditionals have two clauses: The “If” clause
(condition/ cause) and the main clause (effect).
Ex: If you heat water at 100 degrees , it boils.
★ The “If” clause can be either the first or the second part
of the sentence.
3. Conditional 0:
Uses:
★ Universal truths
★ Obvious thing
★ Facts
★ Cause and consequence
Structure:
If/when + Present simple +Present simple
Examples:
→ If you heat water at 100 degrees, it boils.
→ Water boils , if you heat it at 100 degrees.
4. Conditional 1:
Uses:
★ Predictions
★ Promises
★ A possibility
★ Cause and consequence
Structure:
If + Present simple +Future simple (will +
verb infinitive)
Examples:
→ You will pass the exam, if you study
→ If you study, you will pass the exam
5. Conditional Linkers
★ Unless: Unless you have passed the exam, I won't give you money.
★ Provided: I'll water the plants, provided I have time.
★ As / So long as: You will travel, as long as you pass the exams.
★ On Condition that (more formal): You will travel, on condition that you pass the
exams.
★ Orelse: Rosario stop talking, orelse you will sign the book.
★ In case of: In case of fire, use the stairs.
6. Conditional 2:
Uses:
★ Hypothesis
★ Unlikely situations
★ Unreal situations
★ (Give advice)
Structure:
IF + Past simple → conditional (would,
should, might) + Verb in infinitive
Examples:
→ If I won the lottery, I would buy a big
house.
→ If I were you, I would study more.
→ I would study more, if I were you.
7. Conditional 3:
Uses:
★ To express regret about a situation in the
past
★ Hypothesis about the past
★ Theoretical past situation
★ An impossible situation because it had
already happened
★ Regret
Structure:
If + Past perfect → Conditional Perfect (would
have + Verb in past participle)
Examples: / I would have passed, if I had studied harder
8. Mixed conditionals:
Uses:
★ When we want to talk about something that has a
condition in the past and a result in the present.
Structure:
If + Conditional 3 (Past Perfect) → Conditional 2 (would,
should, might)
Example:
If I had not missed the flight, I would be with my family now.
