The document provides information about peer counseling and the counseling process. It discusses: - The basic assumptions of counseling as a non-directive process to help clients facing problems gain self-awareness and make decisions. - Common techniques used in counseling like active listening, empathy, reflection, and questioning to move the client through stages of identifying issues, setting goals, and taking action. - Characteristics of effective counselors including qualities like self-awareness, openness, authenticity, respect for clients, and deriving meaning from their work. - Examples are given of counseling skills and challenges like considering cultural differences, boundaries, and managing one's own issues.

1. Mrs. JULIENNE ROSE P. SABALLA, RGC
Head, Guidance Office
St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban
BASIC PEER COUNSELORS SEMINAR
TRAINING WORKSHOP

2. PEERPEER
COUNSELINGCOUNSELING

3. Basic
Assumptions

4. Simply stated,
counseling is any
relationship in
which one person is
helping another
person to better
understand and
solve some problem.

6. • --is a short-term, theory-based, non-
directive, non-judgmental process.
• -- during this process, a person (client) who
is basically psychologically healthy and
facing adjustment, developmental and/or
situational concerns or problems is
empowered to gain awareness of
him/herself and of his/her situation and to
make decisions through the support and
assistance offered by another person
(counselor) through their relationship.
COUNSELING

7. PEER COUNSELING

8. Indications

9. Group Size

10. Location
A counseling session
can be held in any
private, quiet,
comfortable
environment which is
free from
disturbances.

11. Purpose of CounselingPurpose of Counseling

12. GOALS of Counseling

13. Counseling
PersPeCtiv
e
COUNSELOR

14. Counseling
PersPeCtive
COUNSELEE

15. PRINCIPLES of COUNSELING
RELATIONSHIP

16. the process
In considering the counseling process,
think of a beginning, a middle and an end
– each with main areas of focus/tasks
to accomplish. Think process.
* Applies as a whole (1st
to last
session)
*Within sessions
Built upon a solid foundation of
relationship, moving forward toward
goals…a blend of art and of science
Applies in all theoretical orientations

17. THE HELPING MODEL
(the process)
Stage 1: PRESENT SCENARIO
(identifying/clarifying
problems, situations, and
unused opportunities)

18. THE HELPING MODEL
(the process)
Stage 2: Preferred
Scenario
(goal setting /
developing a more
desirable scenario

19. THE HELPING MODEL
(the process)
Stage 3: GETTING A NEW
SCENARIO
(ACTION: moving
towards the preferred goal)

20. STAGES in the Counseling
PROCESS

21. General Counseling Strategies
Relationship Strategies
Attending
Empathic
Understanding
Respecting
Genuine and
Transparent
Listening
Responding
Caring
Ensuring Emotional
Stability

22. General Counseling Strategies
Interviewing Strategies
Verbal
Non-Verbal
Silence
Messages
Clarifying
Reflecting
Inquiring
Summarizing

23. General Counseling Strategies
Assessment Strategies
Coping Levels
Resources and Referrals
Evaluation of Situation
Exploring Alternatives
Determining Appropriate

24. Commonly used interventions
and techniques in the counseling
process
Listening
Providing Information
Skillful questioning and
summarizing
Non-judgmental respect
Empathetic understanding
Warmth and genuineness

25. BASIC
Techniques
in Counseling

26. BASIC COUNSELING
TECHNIQUES
• “Why” = Bad Counseling
• Pay attention to how you look:
– Arms
– Position in Chair
– Face
• Pay attention to how you sound:
– Tone of voice
– Rate of speech
• Counselor Matching vs. Opposite
Modeling of behavior

27. BASIC COUNSELING
TECHNIQUES
• Empathy is a MUST!!!
• Reflection of Feelings:
– Parroting
– Paraphrasing
– Reflecting
– Summarizing
– Clarification

28. COUNSELING SKILLS

29. COUNSELING SKILLS

30. COUNSELING SKILLS

31. COUNSELING SKILLS

32. Characteristics of Effective
Counselors
Personal Characteristics of Effective Counselors: Corey,
(2001)

33. Characteristics of Effective
Counselors
Personal Characteristics of Effective Counselors: Corey,
(2001)

34. Characteristics of Effective
Counselors
Personal Characteristics of Effective Counselors: Corey,
(2001)
• Effective counselors have an identity
• They respect and appreciate themselves
• They are able to recognize and accept their
own power
• They are open to change
• They are making choices that shape their
lives
• They feel alive, and their choices are life-
oriented
• They are authentic, sincere, and honest.

35. Characteristics of Effective
Counselors
Personal Characteristics of Effective Counselors: Corey, (2001)
• They have a sense of humor
• They make mistakes and are willing to admit
them.
• They generally live in the present.
• They appreciate the influence of culture
• They have a sincere interest in the welfare of
others.
• They become deeply involved in their work
and derive meaning from it.
• They are able to maintain healthy
boundaries.

36. Activities & Discussion
Topics

37. • Take a position of the issue: “Counselors
should be required to undergo their own
personal therapy before they should become
practitioners”. Defend your position.
• List some of your personal strengths, values,
beliefs, past experiences, and so on, that you
think will work in your favor in establishing a
meaningful and therapeutic relationship with
clients. How might these get in your way?
Topics for Discussion

38. • If you were looking for a counselor yourself,
what characteristics would you want?
• Discuss the possible therapeutic value of
developing a sense of humor. When might
humor be appropriate & inappropriate in a
session?
• If you were in a job interview, how would
you respond to the question: “What do you
consider to be the most pressing & central
ethical issue facing counselors”?
Topics for Discussion

39. EXERCISES
Intern Jack & the “difficult client”
Jack, a counselor intern, is working in a university counseling center,
Mai-Ling, a freshman who came to the US from mainland China with her
parents 8 years ago, has come for her first session with Jack and has
agreed to let him audiotape the session from his supervisor. She states
that she has come for help in deciding whether to continue in her 2-year
associate degree program or switch to a baccalaureate program in
computer science. Jack, very much aware that his supervisor will be
listening for reflections of feelings and other attending skills, asks Mai-
Ling how she feels about being confronted with this decision. She
responds by simply restating her problem. The session continues in this
fashion, with Jack probing for the client’s feelings and the client
responding in a cognitive, content-oriented manner. After the session
ends, Jack determines to ask his supervisor how to build rapport with
this “difficult client.”

40. Intern Jack & the “difficult client”
• What is the problem in this case?
• Not sensitive to cultural differences
• High vs. Low context cultures
• How can this be avoided in this
case?
EXERCISES

41. Lynn, Elaine, & the Divorce
Lynn has been counseling Elaine, a 30-year-old client.
During this session, Elaine states that she wishes she could
just walk away from her marriage, but she can’t do it
because it would traumatize her children. Lynn, herself a
child of divorce whose father abandoned the family,
further explores Elaine’s fears for the children. At one
point she ways, “Well, yes, the statistics do show that a lot
of kids lose touch with their fathers after divorce. It would
be really hard for them if that happened. It could even
have repercussions well into their adult years.”
EXERCISES

42. Lynn, Elaine, & the Divorce
• What is the problem
in this case?
• Transference?
• How can this be
avoided in this case?

43. The Parents will Know Marsha Takes Drugs!
Marsha, age 15, has been seeing her school counselor for several
weeks. Although Marsha’s parents & her teachers have been
concerned about her erratic behavior, Marsha has asserted that she is
“just moody.” Now, she admits that she has been buying & using
cocaine. After further exploration, the counselor believes that Marsha
has been taking some serious risks, not only by using the drug, but also
by making her purchases from various dealers in an unsafe area of the
city. The counselor lets Marsha know that , because of the danger her
behavior is putting her in, her parents will need to be informed.
Marsha is outraged. Even though the counselor had told her that she
couldn’t uphold confidentiality if her behavior posed a danger to
herself or others, Marsha insists it doesn’t apply here. She says, “I
know what I’m doing. I’ve been buying coke for months now and
nothing bad has happened to me. I trusted you and now you’ve
betrayed me. This is sure the last time I’ll ever see a counselor!”
EXERCISES

44. The Parents will Know Marsha Takes Drugs!
• What is the problem in
this case?
• Not sensitive to cultural
differences
• How can this be avoided
in this case?

47. DOMO
ARIGATOU!