1. 2000 BC- 300 BC

2. Describe how Homer and
Greek myths contributed to
early Greek Culture.
Explain the contributions of
Greece to modern society.

4. What is a legacy?
Traditions, skills and knowledge of a culture
that get passed on to people in the future
Something a culture is known for Babe Ruth’s
legacy was
homerun hitting.
A gift from the past
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5. democracy
scientific trial by classification
method epics
jury
Hippocratic
theater architecture Olympics Oath
Socratic Greek tragedy marathon
Method mythology comedy
philosophy
Conclusion

6. Democracy
A government where the people have the right
to make decisions about leaders and laws
Greek word meaning “power of Athens developed the first
the people” democracy
The U.S. government is based on
Athenian democracy.
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7. Athens had the first democratic
constitution (a set of rules for how the
government should run)
All men over 20 years old could
participate in the Assembly (the
lawmaking group)
Each year 500 names of citizens
were drawn to be on the Council of
Five Hundred who ran the daily
business of Athens
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8. Trial By Jury
When a group of citizens decides if a
person is innocent or guilty of a crime
Serving on a jury was a citizen’s duty
About 500 jurors for a trial
Jurors were paid for service
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9. Epics
Long poems written about gods, heroes, and
history of a culture
Homer most famous author of Greek epics.
Wrote the Illiad about the Trojan War
The Odyssey about a Trojan War hero, Odysseus
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10. Greek Mythology
Myths are stories about gods & goddesses
that were used to explain events in nature
12 Major Gods & Goddesses of Mt. Olympus
Zeus Poseidon Hades Hermes
Hera Apollo Artemis Hephaestu
s
Athena Demeter Aphrodite Ares
Go to Mythman.com for more on Greek mythology!
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11. Theater
Grew out of festivals dedicated to Dionysus and developed into stories
that were acted out
Plays were performed at festivals and became competitions
Only male actors but women could watch
Actors wore masks to show gender, age & mood
Theater was carved into a hillside
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12. Theater
Greek theater in Miletus
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13. Tragedy & Comedy
Types of plays first developed by the Greeks
Tragedy: plays about suffering Aeschylus
Comedy: plays with a happy ending that
pokes fun at certain types of people Aristophanes
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14. Olympic Games
Festival held in Olympia to honor Zeus
Every four years-began 776B.C.
Only men: women couldn’t watch
Olympians swore not to cheat
Called a truce from war Won an olive wreath
Winners were heroes
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15. Olympic Games
Foot races
Javelin Warrior’s Race
Discus Boxing
Pancratium
Wrestling
Pentathlon
Messengers &
Trumpeters
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16. Marathon
Footrace that is 26 miles, 385 yards long
Greeks defeated the Persians at Marathon
Pheidippides ran to Athens (about 26 miles) to announce
the victory
He reached Athens, cried out Nike! (goddess of victory),
and fell over dead.
Main Menu ©2004 Mrs. Joan Crick

17. Architecture
The art and science of
building
Doric
Ionic Corinthian
Greeks well known for using three
styles of columns in their buildings
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18. Architecture
The Parthenon on the Acropolis in The Temple of Athena Nike located
Athens was built in the Doric style. very close to the Parthenon was built
in the Ionic style.
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19. Architecture
The design of many buildings today has been
influenced by the classical style of the
Greeks.
Why would many U.S. government buildings
have been built using Greek architecture?
Supreme Court Building in Wash. D.C.
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20. Philosophy
Love of wisdom; trying to figure things out
through learning and reasoning
Socratic Method
Socrates
Political Science
Plato
Science & Logic
Aristotle
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21. Socratic Method
Teaching through step-by-step questions that
are designed to lead the student to the truth
Socrates was a Greek
philosopher who wanted Athenians were afraid and
people to question and think threatened by his ideas, so
for themselves he was tried and put to death.
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22. Classification of Living Things
A system of grouping plants and animals that
have similar characteristics
Developed by Aristotle
Helps scientists to handle a lot of info.
Still used today
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23. Scientific Method
Process used by scientists to study something
1 2 3
Collect Form Test
Info Hypothesis Hypothesis
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24. Hippocratic Oath
A list of rules about practicing medicine that
doctors today still promise to follow
1. Honor their teachers Believed that
Hippocrates was
the “Father of disease came from
Scientific 2. Do their best for the sick natural causes not
Medicine” evil spirits
3. Never give poisons
4. Keep the secrets of patients
Conclusion
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25. Legacies of Ancient Greece
Now that you are aware of them,
you will see the legacies of the
ancient Greeks cropping up all over
the place!
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26. Bibliography
 Animation factory - www.animationfactory.com
 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks
Commission website -
http://www.cmhpf.org/kids/dictionary/ClassicalOrders.html
 Greenblatt, Miriam & Peter Lemmo. Human Heritage:
A World History. ©2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
 Headden, Susan, ed. The Ancient World. © 2004 U.S.
News & World Report.
 Microsoft Design Gallery Live - http://dgl.microsoft.com
 Mythman - www.mythman.com
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27. Section 3 Learning Goal

28. Between 500 and 400 B.C. the Greeks
fought several wars.
Two were against the powerful Persian
Empire to the east of Greece.
Then a civil war broke out among the city-
states of Greece.

29. In 519 B.C. the Persians
conquered a group of people who
lived in Asia Minor called the
AGH!
Ionian Greeks. Those Greeks
will pay for
this
In 499 B.C. the Ionian We’re on
the way
Help!
Greeks asked the mainland
Greeks to help them rebel
against the Persians.
Athens sent warships to help
them, but they were not strong
enough to defeat the Persian
army.
The made the Persian King, Darius, very angry
with Greece.

30. In 490 B.C. Darius sent 600 ships and thousands of soldiers to invade
Greece. He wanted to punish the Athenians for helping the rebels.
The Persian army landed at
Marathon, north of Athens,
in 490 B.C.
The Persians greatly
outnumbered the Greeks.
Persian
Empire
The Persians were
amazed at the strong
will of the small Athens Marathon
Athenian force.
They had no horses or Sparta
archers, only fierce
foot soldiers.
After a few days, the
Persians decided to
While they were loading their ships, the
attack Athens by sea.
Athenians attacked and defeated them.
The Persians Retreated.

31. The Greeks sent their fastest runner Pheidippides
to carry home news of the victory.
He sprinted 26.2 miles from the battle site to the
city-state of Athens.
He arrived and said, “Rejoice, we conquer,” and
died from exhaustion
The Marathon race is named after this event.

32. The Greek ruler Themistocles knew this was a temporary victory.
He encouraged the Athenians to build up their fleet and prepare for
battle with the Persians.
In 480 B.C. Darius’ son Xerxes sent a larger
force to conquer Greece.
He sent 200,000 soldiers and nearly 1,000 ships.
By this time Athens had convinced Sparta to join
them in battle. Twenty Greek city-states joined
together to meet the Persian invaders.
Sparta took charge of the army.

33. The Persian army had little trouble as it moved through
northern Greece.
It came to a narrow mountain pass called Thermopylae,
there 7,000 Greeks waited for the Persians.
For several days they stopped the Persian army from
moving forward
Someone led the Persians behind the Greek army, the
Spartan soldier began to retreat to their ships as the
Persians marched forward.

34. A Small Spartan force of about 300 men commanded by King Leonidas,
guarded the mountain pass of Thermopylae.
They held out heroically against he enormous Persian force for three days.
They were betrayed when someone told the Persians how to get in behind
the army.
They were defeated, but won valuable time for the rest of the Greeks.

35. The Persians marched
south after their
victory at
Thermopylae and
destroyed the city of
Athens.
The Athenians had
already moved to Thermopylae
Salamis, a small
nearby island. Salamis Athens
More than 800
Persian ships
attacked the
Athenian navy
near the island.
The large Persian ships could not maneuver in the water.
The smaller Greek ships destroyed them.

36. The Greek sense of uniqueness was increased.
Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in Greece.
Athens organized the Delian League, an alliance with other Greek
city-states.
Athens used the league to assert power and build an Athenian
Empire.
They moved the treasury to Athens, and forced people to stay in
the league against their will.

37. The wise and skillful leadership of Pericles brought
about a Golden age in Athens.
This was from about 460 to 429 B.C. and is often
called the Age of Pericles.
Pericles believed that all male citizens, regardless of wealth or social
class, should take part in government.
He paid salaries to men who held public office.
This enabled the poor to serve in the government.
The assembly met several times a month and needed at least 6,000
members present to take a vote. This was direct democracy, a large
number of citizens took part in the day to day affairs of the
government.
Pericles stated, “We alone, regard a man who takes no interest in public
affairs, not as harmless, but as a useless character.
Pericles rebuilt the Acropolis and turned Athens into the cultural center of Greece.

38. Many Greeks resented the Athenian domination.
The Greek world split into rival camps.
To counter the Delian League, Sparta and other enemies of
Athens formed the Peloponnesian League.
Sparta encouraged an Oligarchy (government run by business)
in the states of the Peloponnesian League, and Athens
supported democracy.
A 27 year war broke out in 431 B.C. engulfing all of Greece

39. Athens faced a serious geographic disadvantage from the start.
Sparta was located inland, the Athenian navy was no good against
them.
When Sparta invaded Athens, Pericles allowed people from the
countryside to move inside the city.
Overcrowding led to a plague that killed a third of the people.
Internal struggles undermined the Democratic government of Athens.
Sparta even allied with Persia, their old enemy, against the Delian
League.
Finally, in 404 B.C., with the help of the Persian navy, the Spartans
captured Athens and stripped it of its fleet and empire.

40. The Peloponnesian war ended Athenian greatness.
In Athens Democratic government suffered:
Corruption and selfish interests replaced order.
Fighting continued to disrupt the Greek world.
Sparta itself suffered defeat at the hands of
Thebes, another Greek city-state.
Greece was left vulnerable to invasion.
Cultural development was arrested.

41. In 338 B.C. King Phillip II of Macedonia
led his army from the north and
conquered Greece.
After his death his son, Alexander the
Great, went on to conquer the entire
Greek world.

42. Chapter 5, Section 4

43. LESSON GOAL

44.  Macedonia
◦ Macedonia—Kingdom of mountain villages
north of Greece
◦ King Philip II—ruler, brilliant general;
dreams of controlling Greece
◦ Macedonians call themselves Greek; rest
of Greece does not
 Philip’s Army
◦ Philip creates well-trained professional
army; plans to invade Greece

45.  Conquest of Greece
◦ It was easy because “more than one
Greek city felt ambivalent about
fighting back.”
◦ Some Greek cities invited Philip to
invade
◦ Athens asked Sparta for help against
invasion, but Sparta declined
◦ At the Battle of Chaeronea one
thousand Athenians were killed.
◦ 338 B.C. Macedonians defeat Greece

46.  After the Battle of Chaeronea, Philip
changes his strategy and treats Athens with
great respect, releasing Athenian prisoners
of war.
 As a result the Athenians then “chose to
pretend that Philip was now a friend of
Athens.”
 Philip makes a speech at Corinth suggesting
Greek submission to his kingship would be
good for Greece.
 The Corinthian League is formed, led by
King Philip, with the intent of attacking the
Persians.

47.  Philip married again, for a fifth time, a
Macedonian woman.
 His son Alexander was legitimate, but half
Greek.
 This marriage gave Attalus, one of Philip’s
generals, occasion to call into question the
legitimacy of a half-Greek prince inheriting
the Macedonian throne.

48.  Greek historian Diodorus tells us that Philip was
killed by his ex-lover Pausonius (who was one of
his guards) because Philip rejected him.
 Some suspect, however, that Alexander was behind
the murder.
 The 2004 film Alexander directed by Oliver Stone
puts the lays the blame at the feet of Olympias,
Alexander’s mother so that her own son would
become king and there would be no full-blood
Macedonian heir. The film depicts Alexander was
an innocent bystander.
 This occurs in 336 B.C.
 His son named king of Macedonia and becomes
Alexander the Great

49.  Alexander’s Early Life
◦ Tutored by Aristotle
◦ Inspired by the Iliad
◦ Military training
◦ Becomes king when 20 years old
◦ Destroys Thebes to curb rebellion

50.  Invasion of Persia
◦ 334 B.C. Alexander invades Persia with a quick
victory at Granicus River.
◦ Darius III, King of Persia, assembles an army of
50,000-75,000 men.
◦ Alexander defeats Persians again, forces King of
Persia to flee.

51.  Conquering the Persian Empire
◦ Alexander marches into Egypt and is crowned
Pharaoh in 332 B.C.
◦ At Gaugamela in Mesopotamia, Alexander defeats
the Persians again.
◦ Alexander captures cities of Babylon, Susa, and
Persepolis
◦ Persepolis, the Persian capitol is burned to the
ground.
◦ Ashes of Persepolis signal total destruction of the
Persian Empire

52.  Alexander in India
◦ Alexander fights his way across the deserts of
Central Asia to India
◦ Alexander conquers Indus Valley area in 326 B.C.
◦ Reluctantly returns to Babylon and dies in 323 B.C.

53.  Alexander melds Greek and Persian cultures.
 He takes a Persian wife.
 Empire becomes three kingdoms
◦ Macedonia, Greek city-states
◦ Egypt
◦ Old Persia, also known as the Seleucid kingdom

54. Chapter 5, Sections 4 and 5

55. Summarize the major
philosophies and artistic styles
of the Hellenistic Period

56.  From Macedonia
 Son of Philip II
 Conquered Greece and Persia
 Married a Persian princess, adapted Persian
dress and customs
 Conquered Egypt
 Headed for India, caught malaria, and died
there

57.  Alexandria, Egypt:
◦ Became trading hub
◦ Had many elegant
palaces
◦ Housed a giant
museum and library
(burned down)

59.  Astronomy
◦ Aristarchus estimated:
 Sun 300x size of Earth
 Earth revolves around sun
◦ Eratosthenes estimated:
 Earth’s circumference between
28,000 and 29,000 miles

60.  Mathematics and Physics
◦ Geometry (developed by Euclid)
◦ Value of pi, the lever, idea of small forces moving
heavy objects (Archimedes)

61.  Stoicism
◦ People should live in harmony with natural laws
◦ Human desire, wealth, and power are distractions
 Epicureanism
◦ Gods are not interested in humans
◦ Greatest good comes from virtuous conduct and the
absence of pain
◦ Modern word epicurean