The document discusses subtracting integers and evaluating change using subtraction. It provides examples of subtracting integers and evaluating expressions. It then asks how the elevation of the volcano Kick-’em-Jenny changed between 1962 and 2002. The elevation was -235 meters in 1962 and -182 meters in 2002, so it increased by 53 meters.

1. Eruptions have caused the volcano to grow. In 1962 , the summit elevation of Kick-’em-Jenny was –235 meters. In 2002 , the summit elevation was –182 meters. By how many meters did the elevation of the volcano change? You will use integer subtraction to answer this question. Earth Science Kick-’em-Jenny is an underwater volcano in the Caribbean Sea. Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON

2. As you can see from the number lines below, the expression 5 – 4 and 5 + (–4) have the same value, 1 . These equivalent expressions suggest the following rule for subtracting integers. 5 – 4 5 + (–4) 4 0 1 2 3 6 5 – 1 4 0 1 2 3 6 5 – 1 Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON

3. Subtracting Integers Words To subtract an integer, add its opposite. Numbers 3 – 7 = 3 + (–7) = –4 Algebra a – b = a + (– b ) Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON

4. Subtracting Integers 4 – 10 = To subtract 10 , add its opposite, –10 . = –6 4 + ( – 10 ) Add 4 and –10 . EXAMPLE 1 Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON

5. Subtracting Integers 7 – ( – 5 ) = To subtract –5 , add its opposite, 5 . = 12 7 + 5 Add 7 and 5 . 4 – 10 = To subtract 10 , add its opposite, –10 . = –6 4 + (– 10 ) Add 4 and –10 . EXAMPLE 1 Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON

6. Subtracting Integers 7 – (– 5 ) = To subtract –5 , add its opposite, 5 . = 12 7 + 5 Add 7 and 5 . 4 – 10 = To subtract 10 , add its opposite, –10 . = –6 4 + (– 10 ) Add 4 and –10 . – 2 – ( – 9 ) = To subtract –9 , add its opposite, 9 . = 7 – 2 + 9 Add –2 and 9 . EXAMPLE 1 Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON

7. Evaluating Variable Expressions x – (–40) To subtract –40 , add 40 . = 31 = –9 + 40 Add –9 and 40 . Evaluate the expression when x = –9 . x – (–40) = Substitute –9 for x . – 9 – (–40) SOLUTION EXAMPLE 2 Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON

8. Evaluating Variable Expressions 7 – x To subtract –9 , add 9 . = 16 = 7 + 9 Add 7 and 9 . Evaluate the expression when x = –9 . 7 – x = Substitute –9 for x . 7 – ( – 9 ) SOLUTION EXAMPLE 2 Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON

9. Evaluating Change You can use subtraction to find the change in a variable quantity such as elevation or temperature. Subtract the original value of the quantity from the value after the change. Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON

10. Evaluating Change By how many meters did the elevation of the volcano Kick-’em-Jenny change if the elevation in 1962 was –235 meters and –182 meters in 2002 ? To answer this question, you can subtract the elevation in 1962 from the elevation in 2002 . Write a verbal model. ANSWER The difference is 53 , so the summit elevation of Kick-’em-Jenny increased by 53 meters from 1962 to 2002 . To subtract –235 , add 235 . = 53 = –182 + 235 Add –182 and 235 . Substitute values. = – 182 – ( – 235 ) EXAMPLE 3 Change in elevation = Elevation in 2002 – Elevation in 1962 Subtracting Integers 1.6 LESSON