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MANEJO DE SENTENCIAS

UNIVERSIDAD REGIONAL AUTONOMA DE LOS ANDES

Moisés Andrade


Operadores de restricción.- Selección de las tuplas que
satisfacen una condición.

Ejemplo:
select *
from libros
where año>2000;
Esta consulta nos mostrara todos los libros que sean mayores al
año 2000 respectivamente con su título y autor.


Proyección.- Selección de un subconjunto de atributos de una
relación

Ejemplo:
select título, autor, año
from libros
A diferencia de la anterior sentencia esta nos muestra solo los
campos especificados y sin ninguna restricción.


Enlace.- Se usa para conectar datos de distintas relaciones
(siguiendo los enlaces que vienen determinados por las claves
externas)

Ejemplo:
select t1.ID as ID, t1.Descripción as Tema,
t2.Descripción as Asignatura
from temas as t1, temas as t2
where t1.super=t2.id;
Con esta sentencia se mostrara dos temas diferentes de las tablas
cada una con su respectivo ID


Ejemplo:
select titulo,a.nombre,e.nombre
from autores as a
right join libros as
on
codigoautor=a.codigo left join editoriales
on codigoeditorial=e.codigo;

as e

Se mostrará el título, autor y editorial de todos los libros que
encuentren o no coincidencia con "autores" ("right join") y a ese
resultado lo combinamos con "editoriales", encuentren o no
coincidencia.
Es posible realizar varias combinaciones para obtener
información de varias tablas. Las tablas deben tener claves
externas relacionadas con las tablas a combinar.
Ejemplo:
Queremos saber las oficinas con un promedio de ventas
de sus empleados
mayor que 500.000 ptas.
SELECT oficina
FROM empleados
GROUP BY oficina
HAVING AVG(ventas) > 500000
insert into Libros (título , autor , año ,) values
('Las leyes de programación' , 'Julio Cesar' , '1990-06-19')





update Libros
set autor = 'Pablo Arcides'
where título = ' Las leyes de programación'



delete
from Libros

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Structured query language (sql)

  • 1. MANEJO DE SENTENCIAS UNIVERSIDAD REGIONAL AUTONOMA DE LOS ANDES Moisés Andrade
  • 2.  Operadores de restricción.- Selección de las tuplas que satisfacen una condición. Ejemplo: select * from libros where año>2000; Esta consulta nos mostrara todos los libros que sean mayores al año 2000 respectivamente con su título y autor.
  • 3.  Proyección.- Selección de un subconjunto de atributos de una relación Ejemplo: select título, autor, año from libros A diferencia de la anterior sentencia esta nos muestra solo los campos especificados y sin ninguna restricción.
  • 4.  Enlace.- Se usa para conectar datos de distintas relaciones (siguiendo los enlaces que vienen determinados por las claves externas) Ejemplo: select t1.ID as ID, t1.Descripción as Tema, t2.Descripción as Asignatura from temas as t1, temas as t2 where t1.super=t2.id; Con esta sentencia se mostrara dos temas diferentes de las tablas cada una con su respectivo ID
  • 5.  Ejemplo: select titulo,a.nombre,e.nombre from autores as a right join libros as on codigoautor=a.codigo left join editoriales on codigoeditorial=e.codigo; as e Se mostrará el título, autor y editorial de todos los libros que encuentren o no coincidencia con "autores" ("right join") y a ese resultado lo combinamos con "editoriales", encuentren o no coincidencia. Es posible realizar varias combinaciones para obtener información de varias tablas. Las tablas deben tener claves externas relacionadas con las tablas a combinar.
  • 6. Ejemplo: Queremos saber las oficinas con un promedio de ventas de sus empleados mayor que 500.000 ptas. SELECT oficina FROM empleados GROUP BY oficina HAVING AVG(ventas) > 500000
  • 7. insert into Libros (título , autor , año ,) values ('Las leyes de programación' , 'Julio Cesar' , '1990-06-19')   update Libros set autor = 'Pablo Arcides' where título = ' Las leyes de programación'  delete from Libros