Garden peas are a cool season annual plant grown for their edible green seeds contained within pods. Peas originated in southwest Asia and spread to Europe. There are several varieties of peas categorized by pod type, plant height, and maturity time. Peas thrive best in cool weather between 12.8-18°C and a soil pH of 6.0-7.5. They are usually sown in the rabi season from October to November in plains or March to May in hills. Proper sowing, weeding, staking, and irrigation are important cultivation practices to obtain optimal yields. Peas are harvested when pods are well-filled and seeds change color from dark to light green, ranging from 45-

1. Presented By:
ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

2. Pisum sativum L.
Leguminosae

3. Garden peas also called green or common
peas are a hardy cool season, vining annual
plant.
They are grown for their flesh edible
green seeds(peas) but they may also be used as a
dry-seeded crop.
Fig: How to count the number of
nodes on pea plants
The pea is most commonly the small
spherical seed or the seed-pod of the
pod fruit Pisum sativum. Each pod contains
several peas. Peapods are botanically a fruit.
Fig: Peas are contained within a pod

4. Peas, green, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 339 kJ (81 kcal)
Carbohydrates 14.45 g
Sugars 5.67 g
Dietary fiber 5.1 g
Protein 5.42 g
Fat 0.4 g
Vitamin A equiv 38 μg (5%)
beta-carotene 449 μg (4%)
Vitamin C 40 mg (48%)
Peas are starchy, but high in fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals, and lutein.
Pea straw is a nutritious fodder.

5. Dry, yellow split peasFrozen green peas
Pea probably originated in southwestern Asia, possibly northwestern India,
Pakistan or adjacent areas of former USSR and Afghanistan and thereafter spread
to the temperate zones of Europe (Kay, 1979; Makasheva, 1983).
Based on genetic diversity, four centers of origins, namely, Central Asia,
the Near East, Abyssinia and the Mediterranean have been recognized (Gritton,
1980).

6. Mac Gillivary in 1961 divided genus Pisum sativum into group based
on -
(1) Pea pod
 Smooth-seeded
Wrinkled-seeded
The wrinkled-seeded varieties are sweeter
(2) Plant height
 Bush or dwarf plant
 Medium tall types
 Tall type
(3)Maturity
Early season maturing variety-65 to 70 days after sowing
Medium season maturing variety-90 to 100 days after sowing
Main season maturing variety- 110 to 120 days after sowing

7.  dwarf, green and smooth seeded variety developed at
IARI
 Pods are produced singly
 flowering in 30-35 days after sowing and blossom
appear in 6-7 node.
1) Asauji
2)Early Superb.
An introduced and dwarf variety from England with
yellowish green foliage.
 flowers in about 45 days and first blossom appears at
8-10th node.
Pods are borne singly

8. 3) Meteor
An introduced variety from England
 Plants are 35-40 cm tall, dark green
pods are produce singly, dark green, 8.7 cm long
with seven smooth seeds.
4)Lucknow Boniya
Dwarf white-seeded cultivar
 flowers in 40 days.
 The pods are borne singly, small,
narrow, green.

9. 1) Arkel
 High yielding dwarf variety
 Takes 60 days to be ready for green pod
harvest
2) Early Badger.
A dwarf variety introduced from USA
Pods are ready for picking in 60-65 days after
sowing
 It is a good caning variety and resistant
to Fusarium wilt.
3) Little Marvel.
 A dwarf variety introduced from England
Foliage dark green; first blossom appears at 9-10th
node in 40 days after sowing.

10. 4) Jawahar Matar 3 (JM 3, Early December)
developed at Jabalpur, T19 x Early Badger
 Plant height 70-75 cm with bushy growth habit
This variety suffers severely from powdery mildew.
First picking starts at 50-55 days after sowing.
Average yield 4 t/ha.
5) VL-Ageti Matar-7 (VL-7)
 Developed at Almora ,Pant Uphar x Arkel.
Plants are dwarf with dark green foliage and white
flowers.
The seeds are light green, dimpled bold and very
sweet with high TSS (16.8%).
Average yield 10 t/ha with 42% shelling.

11. 6) Pant Matar 2 (PM-2).
developed at Pantnagar through pedigree selection
from the cross Early Badger × IP3 (Pant Uphar).
First picking starts 55 days after sowing.
It is also highly susceptible to powdery mildew.
Average pod yield 7-8 t/ha.
1) Bonneville
 Double podded, medium tall variety
 Takes 85 days to be ready for green pod
harvest

12. 2) T 19
Medium tall and double podded variety
The first blossom appears at 12-14th node after 60
days.
Pods are yellowish green, slightly curved.
3) Ooty-1
A pure line selection from the accession
PS-133.
Dwarf type having yield potential of11.9
t/ha in 90 days crop duration.
It is resistant to white fly.

13. 4) Punjab 88 (P-88).
Dwarf, vigorous, erect with dark green foliage
Flowering after 75 days and first picking after 100 days of sowing
Highly susceptible to powdery mildew disease.
Average yield 15 t/ha
5) Azad P-2
Powdery mildew resistant variety
Plants are tall Pods are medium in size, light green and brownish seeds.
Crop duration 90-95 days.
Average yield 12t/ha.

14. Plants are medium-tall with green foliage.
First blossom appears at 14-16thnode after 80
days from sowing.
Pods are borne in double
It is suitable for dehydration purpose.
Thrive best in a relatively cool weather
However may not withstand a severe continued frost.
The optimum temperature for germination is about 220C.
Boswell (1920) reported that as the temperature increases during the growing
season the yield decline sharply.
The optimum mean monthly temperature for pea is 12.8 0 C to 18 0 C

15.  Peas can grow be grown on variety of soil from light sandy loam to clay, though
best results are obtained on well drained loose, friable, loamy soils.
The most favourable range of pH is between 6.0 to 7.5 and if falls below 6, the
land should received adequate, though not excessive dressing of lime.
A thorough preparation of soil is necessary.
The surface should be smooth and free from clods, so that no difficulty arises at
the time of sowing.

16. The pea is generally sown in India in rabi
season
In plains of India - from the beginning of October
to mid of November.
In hills- from middle of March to end of May in
the hills and a second crop is also sown in the
autumn.
Sowing of seed during the first
week of November is proper time to get higher
yield.
For early varieties- 100 to 120 kg/ha
For mid-season and late varieties-80 to 90 kg/ha.
45 × 20cm

17. Flat bed layout is used.
Generally sown by broadcasting but may also be sown by dibbling or behind the
plough.
The seeds are soaked in water overnight before sowing for better germination.
Pal Sodkar et al.(1974) reported soaking in G.A. 10 ppm for 12 hours gave the
highest germination and yield.

18. A small dose of nitrogeneous fertiliser at the rate of about 25kg of nitrogen / ha is
valueable for stimulating early growth of legumes.
Phosphates increase the yield and improve the quality, best result are obtained by
application of about 50kg of potash per hectare.
FYM @ of about 20 tonnes/ha, if incoporated at the time of land preaparation
gives good results.
a) Trailing and Staking:
This is an important operation to be done when
vines were about two month old and are at
spreading stage.
Generally the plants should be
supported on bamboo sticks. Delay in this
operation will reduce the yield
considerably.

19. b) Weed Control:
Atrazine, propazine and simazine at 0.54 kg per acre gave good broad leaf
weed control and late control of wild oats damage the peas.
water requirement depends largely on Agronomic condition of the locality.
The crop may be irrigated at both 10 days interval.
One or two irrigation at the time of flowering and fruit-sets are essential.
when the pods are well fill and the young
tender peas changing in colour from dark to light
green.
Early-45 to 60 days
Mid season-75 days
Late-100 days