1. Jyothi . N 2nd sem MLISc Dept of LIS Bangalore university

3. Abacus-5000 years ago

4. Pascal’s device-1642

5. Babbage’s Difference engine and analytical engine

6. Jacquard loom-1820

7. Punch card reader

8. ABC-First all electronic computer

9. A Great step in the technology.

10. Framework for the growth of computer.

13. Second generation(1956-1963)

14. Third generation(1964-1971)

15. Fourth generation(1971- Present)

17. ENIAC

19. Magnetic drums were used for memory.

20. Punched cards were used for input and output.

21. Processors operated in a microsecond speed range.

22. Low level language for programming was used.Examples: UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Computer) ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and computer) EDVAC(Electronic discrete variable automatic computer)

24. Fastest devices at those times

25. Computations in milliseconds

26. Advent of electronic digital computer through vacuum technology

27. Disadvantages

28. Huge and non portable

29. Emission of large amount of heat

30. Constance maintenance

31. Costly

32. Limited commercial use

33. Frequent hardware failures

35. Magnetic core for main memory.

36. Magnetic tapes and disks were used for secondary memory.

37. Use of high level language i.e., COBOL and FORTRAN came into common use.

39. Smaller size compared to 1st generation

40. More reliable, faster, powerful and more memory

41. Less heat generation

42. Less hardware failures

43. Wider commercial use

44. Better portability

45. Disadvantages

46. Requires a frequent maintenance

47. More costlier

49. Microcomputers were introduced.

50. Emergence of software industry.

51. Reduced computational time from micro second to nanosecond.

52. Systems were totally general purpose and could be used or a number of commercial applications.

53. Multiprogramming facility.

55. Smaller in size

56. More reliable

57. Less heat generation

58. Reduced computational time

59. Less power supply

60. Reduced cost

61. Low maintenance cost

62. Less hardware failures

63. Disadvantages:

65. Introduction of micro computer and PC’s.

66. Introduction of microprocessor.

67. Use of chips for memory.

68. Easily portable because of small size.

69. Advantages:

70. Small in size

71. Very reliable

72. Much faster computations

73. Easily portable

74. Cheapest among all generations

75. Minimal cost and labour at the assembly stage

76. Widely used for the general purpose

77. Disadvantages:

79. Advancement in networking technology.

80. Development of super computers.

81. Development of robots to assist the human being(Artificial intelligence).

82. Concept of parallel processing in computer.

84. Today the application of computer were not only restricted to the particular field but it is applied both for general and commercial purpose.