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Nationalism in Space and Place
- 4. Nationalism Goes Global Nationalist sentiment and movements are found throughout the world during the late 19th and early 20th centuries People everywhere sought to define their role in the rapidly changing human society Though a common phenomena, nationalist movements vary greatly based on where they are located
- 5. Continental Case #1 Africa In the beginning of the 20th century, Africa was still primarily controlled by European Imperialist interests Pan-Africanism is an international movement that arose in the latter half of the 19th century, and still exists to this day Embraced by W.E.B DuBois and Marcus Garvey in the United States Pan- Africanism Solidarity of people of African descent throughout the world Right to self- determination Removal of imperialist powers from the African continent
- 6. Continental Case #2: Asia China At the turn of the 20th century, the ruling Qing Dynasty was facing opposition from nationalist factions who were upset with the dynasty’s Open Door Policy with the West Boxer Rebellion 1899-1901: proto-nationalist movement that tried (and failed) to limit imperialism and the spread of Christianity Poverty and high taxes led to further unrest. Sun Yat-sen proposed the formation of a new Chinese Republic WuChang Uprising: 1911 revolution that ousted the Qing Dynasty Sun Yet-sen, in exile, was not involved in the uprising. Instead of a republic, the Hubei military government was established, but it would not last long. As the century continues, Chinese nationalism will become more prominent
- 7. Continental Case #2: Asia Japan Unlike China, Japan embraced western ideas during this period and began to modernize The Tokugawa Shogunate was removed from power by Samurai warriors Mutsuhito, the new Emperor, encouraged this through a period called the Meiji Restoration Increased rights for women, increased industrialization, and expanded territory However… Rapid industrialization established poor working conditions Japan established tense diplomatic ties with the United States
- 8. Continental Case #3: Europe European nationalist movements began sooner than in other parts of the world Recall from last unit Italian Unification German Unification following the Franco- Prussian War Imperialist Russia By the 20th century, nationalism in Europe had taken on new dynamics Middle class suffrage Working class rights Separatist groups displeased with being ruled by major powers (e.g. Serbia) Russian “anti-nationalism”
- 9. Regional Nationalism: The Middle East Iran/Persia 1905-1906: Constitutional Revolution Nationalists objected to the opulence of the Qajar Dynasty Demanded a parliament, or Majlis, to represent the will of the people First Majlis was short- lived, was disbanded a year later Palestine During the early 20th century there was increased immigration of Jewish men and women into Palestine This was the result of an international nationalist movement, Zionism, which called for a sovereign Jewish state
- 10. Regional Nationalism: Latin America Cuba Nationalist sentiment was at the heart of Cuba’s War of Independence against Spanish Imperial Rule Mexico Following independence from Spain in the 1821, there was a concert effort to establish a Mexican national identity By the Mexican Revolution in 1910,