1. ก ก F F F ก F ก
ก F THAILAND GROUP 1996 F F ก F F HS5AYO F F
F F ก F ก ก F ก ก F
F F F ก F ก F ก Fก F F
ก ก F กก F Fก F ก กF ก F ก F F F ก F F
F F ก ก F ก ก F Fก
F F F ก F 200 F กF F ก HS5AYO ก
F FF กF HS5AYO F ก F F F
กF F F Fก F F ก F F F
F กF -HS0ACT, -E21EIC, F F
ก -E21IZC ก -E20GJW F F F F F
F F F ก F FF F ก ก F กF F ก ก
F F ก ก ก F FกF F F
THAILAND GROUP 1996
2541
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 1
2. ก F
ก ก ก ก F F F ก F
ก . . 2538 ( ) F F F ก F F ก
F F ก F F F F F ก F FF
ก F F F F ก F กF F F
F F F ก ก F FF
ก FF ก ก F F ก F F F
F F F F F F
E21EIC F F F
ก F Fก F F ก F THAILAND GROUP 1996 ก F
F กก F F
ก F F ก F ก F E21IZC F ก F ก
F F F F ก กF F F F FF
ก F ก F F Fก ก F
ก F ก F F F . . F F ก
กF F ก ก F F F F F
73
HS5AYO
23 ก. . 41
2 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
3. Q-CODE Q-SIGNALS ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
F ................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
SIGNAL REPORT........................................................................................................................................................................ 16
CW ก MCW F F F .................................................................................................................................................. 20
HERTZIAN ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21
......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
ก (ATMOSPHERE)................................................................................................................................................... 27
ก Fก ............................................................................................................................................................... 29
KNIFE - EDGE DIFFRACTION ............................................................................................................................................ 37
GRAY - LINE PROPAGATION ............................................................................................................................................ 37
LONG - PATH PROPAGATION ........................................................................................................................................... 38
F F ........................................................................................................................................................ 39
ก IONOSPHERIC LAYER ก F MUF........................................................................................ 39
SID : SUDDEN IONOSPHERE DISTURBANCE ................................................................................................................ 40
ก FADING ......................................................................................................................................... 41
THE SCATTER MODES ก ก F.................................................................................................................. 41
F ก F ..................................................................................................................................................... 43
ก F MF HF ........................................................................................................................................................ 43
FF F F .............................................................................................................. 49
TECHNICAL TERMS................................................................................................................................................................... 57
F F F ก .......................................................................................................................... 65
ก ................................................................................................................................................... 71
ก ............................................................................................................................................................................ 72
AMPLITUDE MODULATION AM....................................................................................................................................... 72
FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM).................................................................................................................................... 73
PHASE MODULATION (PM) ............................................................................................................................................... 74
F F ......................................................................................................................................................................... 77
CW TRANSMITTER .............................................................................................................................................................. 77
F CW ก .............................................................................................................................................. 78
AM TRANSMITTER (AM) .................................................................................................................................................... 79
FM TRANSMITTER ............................................................................................................................................................... 81
RESONANT CIRCUIT F ............................................................................................................................... 86
ก OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT ........................................................................................................................ 87
TUNE CIRCUIT ............................................................................................................................................ 89
TRAP CIRCUIT ก ............................................................................................................................................. 89
ก FILTER CIRCUIT .................................................................................................................................... 89
F F ............................................................................................................................................ 92
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 3
4. F ก ก - F ................................................................................................................................................ 93
. 2498 .............................................................................................................................................................. 100
4 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
5. Q-CODE Q-SIGNALS
F F ก Q-CODE F
HAM ก F Q-CODE ก F
ก F F ก F F ก
F ก ก
ก F F F ก ก F ก
F F ก ก F ก Q-CODE ก F F
ก ก ก ก F F ก F
F ก Q-CODE F F F ก
ARRL F HAM F F F F HAM F F Q-CODE ก ก FACE
TO FACE QSO ก F F ก ก ก F F Q-CODE F F CW
F F F ก ( PLAIN TEXT ) ก F F ก F F
Q-CODE F F F F F F F ก
ก F F F
QRD ? ( ? F F Q-CODE )
Q-CODE ก 3 ก ก 1 F ก QRD ?
F ( F )ก F F ( F F ก ?)
F ก
F F ก ........ F QRD ก .
QRD ก F ก F Fก F F
QRX ? ก F ก
F F กF F ก ? F F
QTR ? ก ก Fก FกF
QTR F ( )
ก F F HF F F Fก ก กก กF F F F F F
F ก F ก F
ก F F FF F F F F F ก F ก กF F F
F กF F F ก กก F F
ก F F F ก F ก F MODE F F
HAM F F F QTR ก ก F F F QTR = F QTR F
EYEBALL F F ก Fก F ก HAM
F Q-CODE ก F ก
Q-CODE F กF F :-
QRA - QRZ
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 5
6. QSA - QSZ
QTA - QTZ
QUA - QUZ
ก F F F ก F ก ก ก F ก
F F ก F ก ก ก F ก F
ก
Q-CODE ก F ก ก F F 2 F
QRA - QRZ
QRA F F F .....................
QRB F F F ก F F F F ................ก .
QRC F F ก F F F ก .........
QRD F ก F F F ก F Fก F F .... ก.....
QRE F ...... ก....... F F .... ก .......
QRF F ก ก ............ F Fก ก .................
QRG F F F F F ..............MHz.
QRH F F SHIFT F F SHIFT
QRI TONE ก F F F F TONE ก F F ................
1. F ก F
2. F ก
3. F F F ก ก F
4. F ก F
5. ก F ก
6. ก Fก ก F
7. ก ก F F
8. ก F
9. ก F
QRJ F ก ก F Fก F F ก ก F F......
QRK F F F ........
1. F ก F F
2. F
3. ก
4.
5.
QRL F F ก F F F F F F ก F ก .......... F ก
QRM F ก กก ก F F Fก ก QRM ก
(QRM ก 1. F F ก
6 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
7. F ก ) 2. ก F
3. ก
4. F F ก
5. ก
QRN F ก F F F ก ก
1. F F ก
2. ก F
3. ก
4. F F ก
5. ก
QRO F ก FF F ก F F ก F
QRP F ก FF F ก F ก F
QRR F F F F F F F ...........WPM.
QRS F ก FF F F F F ก F F ........WPM.
QRT F F F F F F F
QRU F F ก F F F F F
QRV F F F F F F F
QRW F F F F F กF.... F F ก ก ก F ........ F F ก ก ..........MHz.
.........Mhz. F
QRX F ก F F ก F F ก F ก ........... . ...........MHz.
QRY F F F F F F F .
QRZ F กF F F ก ก ก ............... ............MHz.
QSA - QSZ
QSA F F F
1. F F
2. F
3. ก
4.
5.
QSB F F F F ก ( FADING )
QSC F ก F F F F ก F
QSD ก F F F F ก F F
(ก F )
QSF F F ก F F F F F ก F ก F F ........ F F
F .........
QSG F F F F ก F F ........
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 7
8. QSH F ก F D/F F F F F F ก F D/F F ....... F F
CALLSIGN F F F F ก F
..........MHz.
QSI F F
QSJ F ก ก ก......... F F ก F ก ก .....
F F ก F F F F ก F F ...... ( ก )
QSK F F F F F F F F Fก F
Fก F F Fก F F F F
F F
QSL F ก F F F Fก F F
QSM F F F ก F F F ก F F ...... ก
F
QSN F F F F ........ F F F F ...........MHz
...MHz F
QSO F F ก ....... F F F ก ......... F
( ก F ) F F ( F ก F ก......)
QSP F F F F ..... F F F F F F ..... F F ก
QSQ F F F F F F F ............. F
QSR F ก F F F ก CALL FREQ ก ก ก CALL FREQ
F ก F ก ก F F F
QSS F F Fก F F F F F ........... MHz
QST GENERAL CALL ARRL F ก ก F F F
CQ ARRL F F
QSU F F F F ก F ......MHz
.............MHz F
QSV F F F F V F F ก F V
QSW F F F F F F F
QSX F F ......................(CALLSIGN) F Fก ................ (CALLSIGN)
.............MHz F F ..............MHz
QSY F F F F ก F ...........MHz
QSZ F F F F F กF ก F F 2 ..........
QTA - QTZ
QTA F F F ก ก ..... Fก ก ก ...........
QTB F F ก ก F F F F F F F F F ก
F ก F F กF F
QTC F F ก F F F F ........
QTD F F F F F F F
1. F ......
8 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
9. 2. ก........
3. ......
QTE TRUE BEARING F F ก F F TRUE BEARING F กF F
- - .............. ......... .
TRUE BEARING F F ก........ TRUE BEARING .........(CALLSIGN) ก.....
(CALLSIGN) F (CALLSIGN) ....... ....... .
- -
TRUE BEARING .....(CALLSIGN)
ก.......(CALLSIGN) F
QTF F F F F F F BEARING F ก
BEARING F F ก D/F STATION D/F STATION F F F .....
F F F ....... ..... ...... .
QTG ก F F2 10 F Fก F F2
F F F CALLSIGN F 10 F F CALLSIGN
(.... ) ........MHz F F (....... ) ........MHz.
- -
F F F กF..........(CALLSIGN) F F F F F F กF...(CALLSIGN) F F F
F2 10 F F2 10 F
CALLSIGN (....... ) .......MHz. CALLSIGN (...... ) ...........MHz.
QTH F F F F F F F . ......
( )
QTI F F ( F F .......... F ( ......... ก / )
ก )
QTK F F F F ก ก...... F
ก ก ( ... .ก / )
QTL TRUE HEADING F F TRUE HEADING F F ....
QTM MAGNETIC HEADING F F F MAGNETIC HEADING F F F ก ........
QTN F ก ก ...... ( F ) F F ก ก........ ......... .
QTO F ก ก F F F F F ก ก F .....................
- - - -
F F F F F
QTP F ก F F F F Fก F F
- - - -
F ก F F F Fก F ..................
QTQ F Fก F F F F F F F F ก F
F F
QTR F F ................... .
QTS F ก F CALLSIGN F F F F CALLSIGN F F
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 9
10. ก F ...... ก F F
MHz F F ................MHz.
QTT F F
QTU F F F F ..... . ........ .
QTV F F F GUARD F ก GUARD F .........MHz
..........MHz F ....... . ....... . F ...... . ........... .
QTW ก F F F ก . F ก F .. F
QTX F F F Fก F F F กF ก F ก ก
F F F ก กก ก F F
QTY F ก F F ก F F F Fก F F ก F
................ ............ .
QTZ F ก F F F F F F ก F ......... F F ก
.........
QUA - QUZ
QUA F F CALLSIGN F F F CALLSIGN
QUB ก F F F กF F F F F F ก .........................
F F ................................................................
ก .............
ก ( ก )
QUC F F F กF F F ก F F ก F F F ...
QUD F F F F ก....( ) F F F F F F ก. . ....( )
QUE F F ............ ( F F F ..............
ก FF ) F F F F .............. MHz.
QUF F F F F ก.... F F F F F
( ) F ก.................. ....................... .
QUG F FF F F F F FF ...... ......... . F
QUH F ก ก ก ก Fก
F F ................ ( F )
QUI F F F F F F Fก F
QUJ ก F TRUE Track F F TRUE TRACK F F ........ ........ .
QUK ก F ....... ( ) ........... ........ ( F)
F F
QUL ก F ก ........ F F ก . ( F F ..)
QUM F F ก ก F F F ก ก F
QUN F F F กF ก F F F TRUE COURSE
F F F .......................................
- - ...................................................................
F F F ..... ...................................................................
10 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
11. F F
- -
F F F กF ก .
....... F
TRUE COURSE F F
QUO F F ก F F กF .. .
F ...................
กF .. ..
QUP F F F F F F F F F F F
ก F
ก F F F
QUQ F F F กF F กF ก F
F F F F F Fก F F F
F ก F F F
QUR F F
* F ก F F F * F ก F F F
* F F * F F
* F ก F ก F * F ก F ก F F
F
QUS F F F F F
* F
* F
*
QUT F F F ก F ก F ... ....
QUU F F ก F F F F
F Fก F F F F F ... .(
,CALLSIGN ) F
*ก F F F F
CALLSIGN F ...................MHz
*ก F TRUE TRACK Fก F
.................... MHz.
QUV F F
QUW F F F ..... F F F F ..
.... F
QUY F F F F F ....... . F ......... (
)
QUZ F F
***** F Q-CODE ( 100 )
***** Q-CODE F F ก HS1AQX *****
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 11
12. F
AA : ALL AFTER
AA : NEW LINE
AB : ALL BEFORE
AR : END OF MESSAGE
AS : WAIT , STANDBY
ABT : ABOUT
ADR : ADDRESS
AGN : AGAIN
ANT : ANTENNA
BCI : BROADCAST INTERFERENCE
BT : F กF
BCL : BROADCAST LISTENER
BK : BREAK , BREAK ME , BREAK IN
BN : ALL BETWEEN , BEEN
BUG : SEMI AUTO KEY. ELBUG = F F
B4 : BEFORE
C : YES
CFM : CONFIRM , I CONFIRM
CK : CHECK
CL : I AM CLOSING MY STATION , CALL
CLD : CALLED
CLG : CALLING
CQ : CALLING ANY STATION
CUD : COULD
CUL : SEE YOU LATER
CW : CONTINUOUS WAVE ( F )
DLD : DELIVERED
DLVD : DELIVERED
DR : DEAR
DX : DISTANCE , FOREIGN COUNTRY
ES : AND
FB : FINE BUSINESS , EXCELLENT
FM : FREQUENCY MODULATION
GA : GO AHEAD
GB : GOOD BYE
GBA : GIVE BETTER ADDRESS
GE : GOOD EVENING
12 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
13. GG : GOING
GM : GOOD MORNING
GN : GOOD NIGHT
GUD : GOOD
HI : TELEGRAPHIC LAUGH, HIGH
HR : HERE, HEAR
HV : HAVE
HW : HOW ( F HOW DO YOU COPY ?) F F
LID : POOR OPERATOR
ก F F F F ก ก ก
( F F ก F F )
MA,MILS : MILLIAMPERES
MSG : MESSAGE
N : NO
NCS : NET CONTROL STATION
ND : NOTHING DOING
NIL : NOTHING , I HAVE NOTHING FOR YOU ( RTTY )
NM : NO MORE
NR : NUMBER
NW : NOW , I RESUME TRANSMISSION
OB : OLD BOY
OC : OLD CHAP
OM : OLD MAN ( กF ก ก)
OR,OPR : OPERATOR
OT : OLD TIMER , OLD TOP
PBL : PREEMBLE
PSE : PLEASE
PWR : POWER
PX : PRESS
R : ARE , RECEIVED F F F F 100%
RCD : RECEIVED
RX : RECEIVER
RCVR : RECEIVER
REF : REFER TO , REFERENCE
RFI : RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE
RIG : STATION EQUIPMENT
RPT : REPEAT , REPORT
RTTY : RADIOTELETYPE
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 13
14. SASE : SELF ADDRESSED and STAMPED ENVELOPE
SED : SAID
SIG : SIGNATURE , SIGNAL
SINE : NICK NAME (HANDLE = , )
SKED : SCHEDULE
SN : UNDERSTOOD
SK : กF
SRI : SORRY
SSB : SINGLE SIDEBAND
SVC : SERVICE
T : ZERO
TFC : TRAFFIC
TMW : TOMORROW
TNK,TKS : THANKS
TT : THAT
TU : THANK YOU
TVI : TELEVISION INTERFERENCE
TX : TRANSMITTER
TXT : TEXT
UR : YOU ARE , YOUR
URS : YOURS
VA : SK กF
VFO : VARIABLE FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR
VY : VERY
WA : WORD AFTER
WD : WORD
WDS : WORDS
WKD : WORKED
WKG : WORKING
WL : WELL , WILL
WUD : WOULD
WX : WEATHER
XCVR : TRANSCEIVER
XMTR : TRANSMITTER
XTAL : CRYSTAL
XYL : WIFE
YL : YOUNG LADY
ZAN : F F ( ก ก ก F F)
14 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
15. 73 : BEST REGARD
88 : LOVE AND KISS
ก F ?
1. F F F F F F
- F Q-CODE QRL ? ก ก กF F F F F
- F F C F YES ก F F QRL ? F
- F ก ก F F
2. F F ก ก CQ CQ-CALL
- CQ CQ CQ DE HS5AYO K. 3 3 ก F F CQ F ก CQ ก
- ก K Fก F F F ก F
3. ก QSO
- KN F F F F
- AR ก F F
- BK
-R F F F 100%
4. ก กF
- SK QRZ = ก F F F
- SK KN = ก F F F ก F
- SK SZ = ก F STANDBY ก ก ก
- SK (VA) = ก
- CL = F I AM CLOSING MY STATION
***** F F ก F F ****
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 15
16. SIGNAL REPORT
F กก F ?
ก F ก กF ก F กF F F
F ก F F RST ก
R= ก READABILITY
S= F SIGNAL STRENGTH
T= F TONE
R F5
1 = F F UNREADABLE
2 = F F ก
3 = F F ก ก
4 = F F ก
5 = F F F
S F9
1 = F ก F F
2 = F ก VERY WEAK SIGNAL
3 = F WEAK SIGNAL
4 = F F FAIRY SIGNAL
5 = F FAIRY GOOD SIGNAL
6 = GOOD SIGNAL
7 = ก MODERATELY STRONG SIGNAL
8 = STRONG SIGNAL
9 = EXTREMELY STRONG SIGNAL
F F F ก ก ก F F ก กก R ก ก F
F F F F F ก F F ก Fก F F
ก F F
ก. Fก ก ก
. F ก F BATT ก F
. ก F ก F F
T F9
1= F ก F
2= F ก
VERY ROUGH AC , VERY HARSH AND BROAD
3= F F ก F F ก ก F F
ROUGH AC TONE , RECTIFIED BUT NOT FILTERED
4= F ก ก ก F
ROUGH NOTE , SOME TRACE OF FILTERING
16 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
17. 5 = ก F ก FF F F Fก RIPPLE MODULATED F
6 = ก F RIPPLE MODULATION
7 = ก RIPPLE MODULATION F ก F
8 = ก ก F ก
9 = F ก RIPPLE MODULATION
ก ก F F FR-Sก F Fก F F F F
ก F ก TONE F F ก F กF F F TONE F
TONE F ก F ก CLICKS CHIRPS SUPER-IMPOSED HUM F ก F F
TONE = 9 OK TONE REPORT ก F F
F F POWER SUPPLY FILTER ก FกF ก ก AC RIPPLE F ก
F F ก ก
F F F F CRYSTAL CONTROL ก F F ก F F F F ก X
RST 469 X
F F F CHIRPS F F F F
RST 469 C
F F F KEY CLICKS KEY TRANSIENT F ก F F F
RST 469 K
CHIRPS KEY CLICKS ก F ก
RST 469 CK
F
ก F RST F ก CW F HF
F TONE SIGNAL F F F F F ก Fก
F CW F F F3 F กF
KEY CLICKS
CHIRPS
SUPERIMPOSED HUM
F 3 F VOICE FกF
KEY CLICKS
F ก ก ก ก CW F F F
ก ก F ON OFF KEY CLICKS
KEY CLICKS F F กF F ก ก กF F ก ก ก
กF
F F F CW KEY CLICKS F WAVE FORM
ก ก F F F F ก ก CW
3.720 MHz F F F F OUTPUT ENERGY ก ก F 3.720 MHz F
F
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 17
18. F ON-OFF TRANSMITTER OUTPUT F F ก
ENERGY F F ก KEY CLICKS KHz F F F F
F F F KEY CLICKS ก F F TURN ON ก TURN OFF
F F ON-OFF F F F F ก F F F
40 / F F F F ก POWER = 0 F FULL POWER
Fก 0 (ZERO) ก ก
RISE TIME DECAY TIME
RF
OUTPUT
MAKE BREAK TIME
DELAY DELAY
KEYER
OUTPUT
KEY DOWN KEY UP
MAKE BREAK
ก F ก F ก F ก NO POWER FULL POWER F RISE TIME
ก ก FULL POWER ZERO POWER F FALL TIME (DECAY TIME)
(A) (B)
(C)
A ก F CW F SHORT RISE TIME ก SHORT FALL TIME
KEY CLICKS
B F CW ก KEY CLICKS F WAVE FORM F
F
C F กF ก F ก GENERATE ก ก ก ก KEY
CLICKS ENERGY F F KHz ก F F F ( -
F )
18 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
19. กF KEY CLICKS
F KEY CLICKS FILTER F SHAPING FILTER ENERGY F F F F
TRANSMITTER OUTPUT F F F TRANSMITTER OUTPUT ก F
F WAVE FORM F ก ENERGY F F F F ก KHz Fก F Hz
F F F
F F F
F ก KEY CLICKS CW ?
F F F SHORT RISE TIME SHORT FALL TIME F ก F
CHIRPS
CHIRPS ก ก ก ก F CHIRPS ก F F SHIFT
ก F F กก ( F กก F F F OFF F ก ) CHIRPS F F
F
CHIRPING SOUND PURE TONE ก F
F
F กก ก F F CHIRPS ก ก กก OSCILLATOR
POWER SUPPLY F ก F ก ก F F CHIRPS F F
F ก F ก POWER SUPPLY F F
VOLTAGE REGULATION F F VOLTAGE REGULATOR F ก
SHIFT F ก F F ก ก FF Fก ก ก ก F?
AMPLIFIER STAGE F ก OSCILLATOR LOADING DOWN OSCILLATOR F
F F F BUFFER ก F F MIXER ก F F F OSCILLATOR ก STAGE
OSCILLATOR F Fก F ก ก F F F
RESONANT FREQ. F F F F ก F ก
ก ก F F
SUPERIMPOSED HUM
F F SUPERMIPOSED HUM ก POWER SUPPLY F ก F
F ก AC RECTIFIER OUTPUT F DC OUTPUT F F CAPACITOR
F F F Fก F F F F ก F AC ก ก
OUTPUT POWER SUPPLY ก AC ก OUTPUT F F AC ก
RAPSY TONE CW SIGNAL F ก
ก F F POWER SUPPLY FILTER FILTER ก F
ก F กF F CW PHONE
กก F F F ก F F F F ก F กF F F กF
F FF ก F ก F ก F F ก
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 19
20. CW ก MCW F F F
CODE PRACTICE
OSCILLATOR
AUDIO OUTPUT ก AUDIO OSCILLATOR
KEY CODE PRACTICE OSCILLATOR Fก F F ก
BATTERY OR
POWER SUPPLY
OSCILLATOR F F F
INPUT F DC OPERATING VOLTAGE
LOW POWER RF
OSCILLATOR
RF OUTPUT
F F RF OSCILLATOR
KEY
F F ก F ก RF
BATTERY OR
OSCILLATOR F F F ก ก F
ก ก F ก F F
POWER SUPPLY
ก ก ก F F F F F F
ก F F ก F F ก ก ก F F CW ก F F
F RF CARRIER ก F UNMODULATED CARRIER F
F F RF CARRIER AMPLITUDE Fก F F ก F F ON OFF
F F F ก F ก ON-OFF F F ก MODULATE
SIGNAL F F F F MODULATION ก ก VARYING AN RF.CARRIER
F F F ก F F
F F ก F Fก F F F F F ก ก ก F
ก F F กF F F F F F F CW ก
F F ก
ก
F F BLOCK
XTAL
OSCILLATOR
DRIVER
POWER
AMPLIFIER DIAGRAM F CRYSTAL CW
( A) F B F
TELEGRAPH
KEY
VFO CONTROLLED F
(A)
MCW VFO DRIVER
POWER
AMPLIFIER
F F F ก ก F F FM ก F
AUDIO TONE F F TELEGRAPH
KEY
ก Fก F AUDIO TONE ON OFF F MORSE (B)
CODE MODULATED CW. MCW
SIGNAL FF F FF F ก F ก ก F F F
F F CW MCW MODULATION F ก F ก ก F
20 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
21. ก F F (TELEGRAPHY) MODULATION ก F 2
ก F ก F AURAL RECEPTION
ก F กF RTTY (RADIO TELETYPE), CONTINUOUS-WAVE, MORSE TELEGRAPHY
ก F F ก ON-OFF KEYING กF กF F F F OOK ก
F F OOK ก F F ก CW F F F CW ก Fก ก F
ก ก F F
CW ก F OOK (OOK TELEGRAPHY) F MORSE CODE
ก ก F F F F CW UNMODULATED CARRIER F OOK
Fก F AMPLITUDE-SHIFT KEYING F ก F F ASK
*** F
CW ก F OOK TELEGRAPHY F F
OOK ก ASK
OOK F ก ON-OFF KEYING
HERTZIAN
. . .2498 4ก ก HERTZIAN F ก F F ITU ก
F ก F
10 KCs 3,000,000 MCs (3 F กก )
10 KHz - 3,000,000 MHz
10,000 Hz - 3,000,000,000,000 Hz (1012)
10 KHz - 3,000 GHz
HERTZ - 3 F F HERTZ (3 THz)
100 Km - 0.1 mm (3 KHz - 3 THz)
F RESTRICTED FREQUENCY ITU ก F ก F
10KHz - 275 GHz 10,000 Hz - 275,000,000,000 Hz
/F F 300 - 3,400 Hz
ก AM 5,000 Hz
ก FM 15,000 Hz
ก F ก F - ก F
1. 144.000 - 146.000 MHz
2. 7.000 - 7.100 MHz
3. 14.000 - 14.350 MHz
4. 21.000 -21.450 MHz
5. 28.000 - 29.700 MHz
ก F ก F 4 2530 ( ก F F ก F )
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 21
22. F VHF F F กF ก ก F F 1-2 F
144.000 - 144.050 MHz EME, F (ก ก )
144.075 - 144.875 MHz F
144.900 MHz F ก F
144.925 - 144.975 MHz F
145.000 MHz F ก F ก
145.025 - 145.100 MHz REPEATER
145.125 - 145.450 MHz F
145.475 - 145.600 MHz F F (ก ก )
145.625 - 145.700 MHz F REPEATER
145.725 MHz CW
145.750 - 145.800 MHz CW, F (ก ก )
145.825 - 145.925 MHz ก ก / F (ก ก )
145.950 146.000 MHz F F / F (ก ก )
--- ก 16 . . 2536 ---
F HF ก F ก F 4 F
ก F IARU
F 40 7.000 - 7.100 MHz 7.000 - 7.300 MHz*
F 20 14.000 - 14.350 MHz 14.000 - 14.350 MHz
F 15 21.000 - 21.450 MHz 21.000 - 21.450 MHz
F 10 28.000 - 29.700 MHz 28.000 - 29.700 MHz
* F 40 BAND ก F IARU
MODE F F 3 MODES
1. AM
2. FM
3. SSB
* F F MODE F ก ก
ก F
ก. ก F ก 120 F
. ก F ก 220 F
22 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
23. IARU HF BAND PLAN (OCTOBER 1992)
กก F F REGION 3 THE REST OF ASIA AND OCEANIA.
F
frequency mode frequency mode
1800 - 1830 CW 18068 - 18100 CW
1830 - 1834 RTTY 18100 - 18110 NB
1834 - 1840 CW 18110 - 18168 PHONE
1840 - 2000 PHONE
21000 - 21070 CW
3500 - 3510 DX CW 21070 - 21125 NB
3510 - 3535 CW 21125 - 21149 CW
3535 - 3775 PHONE 21149 - 21151 BEACONS
3775 - 3800 DX PHONE 21151 - 21335 PHONE
3800 - 3900 PHONE 21335 - 21345 SSTV PHONE
21345 - 21450 PHONE
7000 - 7025 CW
7025 - 7030 NB 24890 - 24920 CW
7030 - 7040 NB CW PHONE 24920 - 24930 NB
7040 - 7300 PHONE 24930 - 24990 PHONE
10100 - 10140 CW 28000 - 28050 CW
10140 - 10150 NB 28050 - 28150 NB
28150 - 28190 CW
14000 - 14070 CW 28190 - 28200 BEACONS
14070 - 14099 NB 28200 - 28675 PHONE
14099 - 14101 BEACONS 28675 -28685 SSTV, PHONE
14101 - 14112 NB PHONE 28685 - 29300 PHONE
14112 - 14225 PHONE 29300 - 29510 SATELLITES.
14225 - 14235 SSTV PHONE 29510 - 29700 WB (6 KHz)
14235 - 14350 PHONE
:
1. CW F F F กF F F F ก
2. 2 F SUBBAND ก F F กF
3. BEACONS Fก กF F 10 Fก ก 1993/1/1
4. DIGIMODE NB RTTY AMTOR PACKET F F F PACTOR ก CLOVER
5. NB NAROW BAND DIGITAL MODE ก
6. WB (6 KHz)
F HF BAND PLAN IARU F F F F ก F F ก ก MODE
ก F F F ก F ก กF F F F ก F F
MODE F F JOHN S VAJO W2ZWW ก
HS0ZAA F FFF F HF ก ก ก . F HS0ZAA F F
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 23
24. 40 METERS (7.000 - 7.100 MHz)
HF F 40 F ก ก F F F กFF
ก F F F ก F F F ก F F F F HF SSB (J3E)
CW (A1A) Fก F F F CW Fก F F F 40
F ก (NOISY) ก ก ก F F F ก ก
REGION 3 ก F กก HAM ก F F
20 METERS (14.000 - 14.350 MHz)
F FF F Fก ก ก ก BAND
OPEN ก F 6 F 8 F EARLY MORNING F 20 F
ก ก 6 4 F ก Fก FF ก ก
6 F CONTACT ก F F BAND ก OPEN F ก F
15 METERS (21.000 - 21.450 MHz)
ก F Fก F ก F SUNRISE / DAYLIGHT / TWILIGHT BAND
ก F F ก BAND F Fก Fก F
PACIFIC AUSTRALIA F F F F ก CONTACT ก ก ก F
10 F Fก F F F F F 3 F ก Fก F F
10 METERS (28.000 - 29.700 MHz)
F F ก F 10 F ก F F F
Fก F F 20 Fก F
PROBLEM AREAS
F F ก กFก ก F F F กF PRIMARY
OVERLOAD ก ก ก F F HARMONIC SIGNAL
กก F TV F ก TV F 3
ก HF INTERFERENCE F HF F F F
F ก TV F ก F F HIGH PASS FILTER กF ก
ก ก F TV ก F HIGHPASS FILTER ก F HIGHPASS FILTER F
Fก ก HIGHPASS FILTER CUTOFF
FREQUENCY 54 MHz ก 80 dB F F TV F 3 F ก ก
55 - 56 MHz
GROUNDING OF THE STATION
ก ก 220 AC F COMMON GROUND F (3 )
ก F F ก FILTER ก F POWER LINE F ก F
POWER LINE F ก F HAM F FILTER F F
ก F FILTER ก F F ก F F F F F ก F
F F F F กF ก ก ก F ก F F F ก ก
24 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
25. F F F ก ก TV F F กก F กF F F
ก ก F ก F F F ก F F F ก TVI
ก F ก F F ก ก ก
FF
F ก
F AB F CD F F (AMPLITUDE)
(WAVE LENGTH)
A F
F F ก
(AMPLITUDE) C
B
E H
F ก ก D G
AF ก F (WAVE
LENGTH) ก (CYCLE)
ก กE F G F
F H กFก ก 1 CYCLE
F F (SINE WAVE)
ก F F CYCLE F ก F F 100
CYCLES กF 100 CYCLES / SEC F F HERTZ F
ก F F Hz
(AUDIO WAVE OR AUDIO FREQUENCY)
F F F F ก F F F F 20
- 20,000 Hz F Fก FF ก
F F F F ก ก ก F F
ก F ก F F F กF F F
Fก ก กF ก
F ก Fก ก F ก F ก F ก F F F
F F F กก F F F 2000 Hz 15,000 Hz
Fก F F F
(RADIO WAVE OF RADIO FREQUENCY)
F ก F F 10 KHz 300 GHz (109) F
8
186,000 F/ 3 x 10 / (300 F / 3 ก ./ )
Fก
F=V/λ
F= (Hz)
V= = 3 x 108 /
λ= ( )
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 25
26. F ก (ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE) ก กก ก F
ก F F ก F ก F ก (MAGNETIC FIELD)
ก F ก Fก (ELECTRIC FIELD)
F F ก F F ก F F ก
F2
ก F ก
ก F
ก F ก
F
ก 0 - 400 Hz 0 - 750 Km.
20 Hz 20 KHz 15000 Km - 15 Km
3 KHz - 3 THz (1012) 100 Km - 0.1 mm
F ก Fก 300 GHz - 375 THz 1 mm - 0.8 µm
ก Fก 375 THz - 750 THz 0.8µm - 0.4 µm
750 THz - 3 x 104 THz 0.4 µm - 10 nm
ก F 3 x 103 - 3 x 107 THz 100 nm - 10 pm
ก F 3 x 106 - 3 x 109 THz 100 pm - 0.1 pm
6 x 108 THz 0.5 pm
ก
F ก F
VLF (VERY LOW FREQ.) 3 - 30 KHz 100 km - 10 km F F ก
ก ก -
LF (LOW FREQ.) 30 - 300 KHz 10 km - 1 km ก
F กF
MF (MEDIUM FREQ.) 300 KHz - 3 MHz 1 km - 100 m F F AM,
HF (HIGH FREQ.) 3 - 30 MHz 100 m - 10 m ก F
ก F HAM
VHF (VERY HIGH FREQ.) 30 - 300 MHz 10 m - 1 m TV F 2-13, FM,
HAM
UHF (ULTRA HIGH FREQ.) 300 MHz - 3 GHz 1 m - 10 cm TV F 14-83 F
SHF (SUPER HIGH FREQ.) 3 GHz - 30 GHz 10 cm - 1 cm F
EHF (EXTREMELY HIGH FREQ.) 30 GHz - 300 GHz 1 cm - 1 mm F F
F F 300 GHz - 3 THz 1 mm - 0.1 mm F F
26 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996
27. ก. F ก F HERTZ F
3
1 KHz (Kilo Hertz) = 10 Hz
1 MHz (Mega Hertz) = 106 Hz
1 GHz (Giga Hertz) = 109 Hz
1 THz (Tera Hertz) = 1012 Hz
. F กF กF F
3
1 Km (Kilometer) = 10 METER
1 cm (Centimeter) = 10-2 METER
1 mm (Millimeter) = 10-3 METER
1 µm (Micrometer) = 10-6 METER
1 nm (Nanometer) = 10-9 METER
1 pm (Picometer) = 10-12 METER
. ก F (GAMMA RAYS) F ก ก F ก ก ก ก F
ก กก F ก F
. (COSMIC RAY) กF ก F F F F
F F กF ก F ก F ก 1.5 200
ก (ATMOSPHERE)
ก F F ก Fก Fก F ก ก F F ก F
F
ก F ก F F F F กก
F กF ก ก ก F ก F
F F ก F ก ก F F ก Fก
F ก F F ก ก F F ก F
ก 3
TROPOSPHERE
F ก ก 0-15 ก . F F F ก F
F Fก ก F ก
ก Fก Fก ก ก F VHF
STARTOSPHERE
F ก ก 15-50 ก . ก F F ก F
IONOSPHERE
F ก ก 50-500 ก . ก ก F ION ก ก
F ก F (FREE ELECTRON DENSITY) ก
F F
D-LAYER
ก ก 50-90 ก . ก ก ก F ก ก ION ก
F กก F ION ก FREE ELECTRON ก ก F ก
F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996 27
28. F ก ก F ก F HF Fก ก F ก
ก F ก ก F LF ก
F F D F F F ก FF F 160, 80 40
F กF F F
F2 ก
F1
0 km
50-50 E IO
NO
D SP
ก
F HE
RE
ST
AR
km TO
15-50 SP
HE
RE
m TRO
0-15 k PO
SP
H ER
E
ก
E-LAYER
ก ก
110 ก . ก F ก F ก F F F ก F
ก F F ก กก ก - F ก ก F
F F F ก IONIZE ก E ก ก F ก F F ก ก
ก Fก F ก F 2000 ก . F HOP
F1-LAYER
175-250 ก . ก F ก F ก
F Fก F ก
F1 F F ก F ก F ก ก F ก F
F2-LAYER
250-400 ก . F ก F ก ก
ก F ก ก F F F ก F ก ก Fก F
ก F F F F F กF F ก F
F F ก ก F ก (HF) F2
F กF
ก F1 F2 ก กF F 300 ก. .
28 F ก F HS5AYO THAILAND GROUP 1996