Music TherapyL.Amoia-Watters, Ed.D. MSN, CRNP, RN

Music Therapy
L.Amoia-Watters, Ed.D. MSN, CRNP, RN
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Music TherapyDefinition – the controlled use of music & its
influence on the human being to aid in physiologic,
psychological, & emotional integration of the individual during
treatment of an illness or disease
https://youtu.be/ZbZSe6N_BXs
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Music TherapyWho can do it?Graduates of colleges or
universities from more than 70 approved music therapy
programs are eligible to take a national examination
administered by the Certification Board for Music Therapists
(CBMT), an independent, non-profit certifying agency fully
accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies.
Evidence based and research based practiceNon therapists-
music medicine

https://youtu.be/LGnWyS2Y4r8
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Music Therapy-OverviewMusic therapy interventions can be
designed to:Promote WellnessManage StressAlleviate
PainExpress FeelingsEnhance MemoryImprove Communication
(Autism)Promote Physical RehabilitationLessen effects of
dementia
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Music Therapy-BenefitsBrain WavesStrong Beat-sharp
concentration, alertnessSlow Tempo-Calm, meditative state
Heart RateRespiratory RateSlower HR, slower RR=Decrease
stress!
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Music Therapy-BenefitsMindUplifting musicuplifting lyrics-
decrease depression
https://youtu.be/tiJ9X_wLSWM

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Continue
https://youtu.be/DfUKOBlZXdw
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Music TherapyFound that the volume, pitch, melody, rhythm &
type of music all affect BP.Fast music – Increase BPSlow
music- Decrease BPRandom introduction of pause in the music
lowers BP even more
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Close your eyes…what do you feel?Indian raga (Introduction
from Debabrata Chaudhuri's "Raga Maru Behag")
https://youtu.be/5809nggUoc0Slow classical (Adagio from
Beethoven's "9th Symphony")
https://youtu.be/VTvkA0Msfs0Fast classical (Presto from
Vivaldi's "L'estate")
https://youtu.be/YeQTl8nyVyMDodecaphonic ("Zart bewegt"
from Webern's "6 Pieces for Orchestra”)
https://youtu.be/Z2imIFkkBJsRap (Red Hot Chili Peppers: "The

Power of Equality") https://youtu.be/V2bh1feOjZkTechno (Gigi
D'Agostino: "You Spin Me Round")
https://youtu.be/pCREs85oIws
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Music TherapyMusic & Aging – dementia
Music is a form of sensory stimulation, which provokes
responses due to the familiarity, predictability, and feelings of
security associated with it.
https://youtu.be/Hbd9wQCZQ-g
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Music TherapyEffects of Music & SurgeonsMeasures of stress
lower surgeon-selected musicSpeed & accuracy higherMusic
effects during surgical & treatment proceduresDecrease anxiety
pre op, decreased pain post op
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Music TherapyMusic & premature infantsMost benefits with
:Live music, entrained (aligned w RR and heart beat sounds),

parent preferred lullaby or musicIncrease capacity to feed, eat,
sleep, and self regulate
https://youtu.be/4qjx2BrrQJg
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Music TherapyEntrainment music, shifts from tension to
relaxation, negative to positive and effective for reducing
painMatch music of current mood then shift to positive one
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Music Therapy(Bella)
https://youtu.be/z_H3MVZPtAA
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Relaxation Therapy and Meditation
L. Amoia-Watters, Ed.D, MSN, CRNP
Frances M. Maguire School of Nursing and Health Professions
“Is there anyone so wise as to learn from the experience of

another?”
-Voltaire
2
Objectives
Describe development of JPRT
Describe Wolpe’s APRT method
Summarize the effects of relaxation on autonomic response and
immune function.
Discuss the effectiveness of relaxation and the
contraindications.
3
Objectives
Explain the difference between concentrative and non
concentrative methods of meditation.
Describe the physiologic and biochemical effects of meditation.
Describe findings of the positive effects of meditation various
medical conditions.
History of Relaxation Therapy
Relaxation Methods
Somatic relaxation
Refers to a method that emphasizes muscle relaxation through
detailed observation & introspection of the body’s kinesthetic
sensations
Cognitive relaxation

Use of mental device (word, thought, breathing) & the practice
of passive or nonjudgmental attitude to induce relaxation in the
mind & body
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Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Therapy (JPRT)
Somatic Relaxation Method
Negative Educational experience Harvard
Turned to own study – startle reaction that naturally occurs in
response to unexpected loud noises
Students in deep relaxation demonstrated no obvious startle
response
Led to birth of JPRT
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Philosophy of Progressive Muscle Relaxation
Person to accomplish complete relaxation
Detailed observation & introspection of body’s kinesthetic
sensations
Mental process that accompanies them
Localized body tensions occur as meaningful acts that originate
in one’s imagination or thoughts
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response.
Mechanisms of Relaxation
Person learns to identify highly sensitive sensory observations

Tension – contraction of muscle fibers
Relaxation – lengthening of muscle fibers – eliminates tension
Goal of JPRT
Automaticity
A state in which the person automatically & unconsciously
monitors & eliminates unwanted bodily tension
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Learning Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Method
Skeletal muscles are studied in progressive groups
Arms, legs, trunk, neck, eye region, speech muscles
Each major muscle group broken down into localized groups (eg
– arms=6 muscles)
Sessions start by lying down
One position during one hour session – X3
Eg- wrist bending
Positions repeated sitting up
Required more than 100 sessions
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Time Table
Left Arm
Right Arm
Left Leg
Right Leg
Trunk
Neck

Eye region
Visualization
Speech region
Total
7days
7days
10 days
10 days
10 days
6 days
12 days
9 days
19 days
90 days
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Wolpe’s Abbreviated Progressive Relaxation Training
Time commitment for full JPRT technique impossible
Wolpe designed a condensed version
Systematic desensitization
A process whereby patients while in a state of deep relaxation
are exposed to stimuli that historically induced anxiety or fear
Differences
Focused on all 16 muscle groups in one session vs just one
Completed in few sessions
Thought instruction & suggestion were a necessary part of
relaxation
Relaxing imagery introduced in some instances
APRT is based on its adaptability & its convenience for pt &
therapist

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Abbreviated Progressive Relaxation
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Tense and Relax all 16 muscle groups
7 muscle groupings to achieve deep relaxation
4 muscle groups (10 minutes)
Release tension by recall
Recall with Counting
How Progressive Relaxation Benefits Health
Effects of relaxation on autonomic responses
Increased opioid response
Support for optimal immune function
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Application of Relaxation Therapy as Medical Intervention
Chemotherapy – induced nausea & vomiting

Hypertension
Pain Control
Mood State Management
Epilepsy
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Contraindications
Rare for both JPRT and APRT
Individuals with history of generalized anxiety disorder or panic
disorder and those w history of hyperventilation are most likely
to experience adverse effects.
Contraindications for success?
reported no contraindications.
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Difference Between Concentrative & Non-concentrative
Methods of Meditation
Concentrative
Limit stimuli input by instructing the meditator to focus
attention of a single unchanging or repetitive stimulus (sound,
breath, focal point)
Non-concentrative
Expand the meditator’s attention to include observation of
his/her own mental activities or thoughts
nonjudgmental way

Concentrative:
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Four Meditation Methods
Transcendental Meditation (TM)https://youtu.be/uP2gLEDl7jI
Allows mind to experience progressively finer levels of thought
until the source of thought –pure consciousness-is experienced
Respiratory One Method (ROM)
Meditator repeats word “one” or another phrase while linking
the word with exhalation
Clinically Standardize Meditation (CSM)
Select one appealing sound from standardized list
Repeat selected sound – not linked to breath
Mindfulness Meditation (MM)
Observe thoughts & images in a nonjudgmental way
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CSM- Clinically Standardized Meditation
Easy to learn
Select mantra from a list of 16 (often ending in m or n)
Instructor repeats mantra w participant
Mantra not associated w breathing
Repeat word with instructor, then think it silently w closed
eyes.
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Summarize the Physiologic & Biochemical Effects of

Meditation
Oxygen consumption lowered
Heart & respiration rates decrease
Blood lactate levels decline
indicators of stress
Less reactive to emotional stressors
Elevation of positive mood state
Decrease hormone that signals stress
Less suppression of immunity
Fewer symptoms of anxiety when exposed to loud tones
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Meditation & Health Care Costs
Hypothesized when meditation is practiced on a regular basis, it
will provide protection from disease states induced by stressful
events
Insurance company study – 5 years of data
600,000 members – 2,000 practiced meditation
Meditators lower utilization of resources
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.
Research Outcomes of Meditation
Anxiety
Depression
Hypertension
Cardiovascular Disease

Epilepsy
Chronic Pain
Addiction
http://meditationinpennsylvania.org/
http://www.woninstitute.org/index.php?page=meditation-center-
staff
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Contraindications & Side Effects of Meditation
Trigger pre-existing psychiatric illness
Psychotic episodes
Excessive need to control
Fear of loss of self; loss of control
Release of suppressed memories/deep seeded tensions
Meditation at slower pace
Depressive effects exacerbated
Few contraindications. Generally safe.
Psych: may trigger pre-existing psychiatric illness. Literature
points to certain factors that lead to re-presenting of psychiatric
problems after meditation.
Risk factors included dc’ing rx meds. Reported cases are few.
Contraindication: for all forms of meditation is a a client with
excessive need to control. Fearing loss of control =meditation is
mind control.
May feel this is punishment bc meditation loss of self for these
people.

Meditation may enhance the potency of psychotropic drugs.
Long hours of meditation may not be beneficial, esp for those
who are hypersensitive to it.
side effects from tension release=rapid behavior changes.
Depressive effects exacerbated bc of mindfulness and
evaluation of events.
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Meditation Summary
Ultimately, the most important factor for selecting the form of
meditation is the personality of the individual and his or her
preference
In the end, benefit can come only from those methods that are
practiced on a regular basis
Lavf55.19.104
Reiki
L. Amoia-Watters, RN, MSN, CRNP

Objectives
Discuss historical progression of Reiki in the West
Define attunement and its importance in Reiki practice
Describe steps to becoming a Reiki practitioner

Reiki
Meditative state in which practitioner channels Reiki energy
from a universal source to another human being
Assists client into a deep state of relaxation and facilitates body
innate healing mechanisms
Energy flow guided by recipient’s inner wisdom, belief is that
this natural process can never cause harm

Reiki-History
As with many ancient therapies, Reiki has at least 15 different
versions or varieties being practiced today
Roots of most forms of Reiki traced back to Mikao Usui (~
1900), Japanese healer of the poor
He found original Sanskrit text while at Buddhist monastery
containing information on healing techniques

Reiki
Usui called this “new” healing method “Reiki” meaning
universal life force

He trained Reiki Masters while practicing and traveling Japan
He trained Mikao Hayashi who opened Shin Mo Machi healing
clinic in Tokyo(~1930?) specializing in Reiki healing teams

Reiki
Mrs. Hawayo Takata came to clinic as a patient 1935 suffering
from multiple illnesses
She claimed she was healed and received Reiki training there
Returned to her native Hawaii and opened her clinic

Reiki
Hayashi visited her there and named her his successor
She took Reiki practices to mainland US, Canada and Europe;
claiming to be only Grand Master of Reiki
Charged $ 10,000 to become a Reiki Master

Reiki
In West, general meaning of “Rei” is “universal”, meaning

present everywhere
“Ki” same meaning as “Chi” in Chinese: the vital life force or
universal energy that permeates all life forms
Ki or Chi flows through the body maintaining balance,
harmony, and wellness

Reiki
When Ki is blocked or sluggish, this disharmony results in
disease or a state of unwellness
Outside of Eastern philosophy, the meaning of energy can be
confusing
NCCAM defines energy as a force that “surrounds and
interpenetrates the human body”

Reiki
Energy divided into two groups:
Veritable energy= measurable: such as magnetism , light, &
sound waves
Putative energy= also called “biofields” which are not
measurable by reproducible measures

Reiki
Spiritual in nature but not a religion
Not dependent on belief at all; will work whether one believes
in it or not
Reiki Principles developed to add spiritual balance

Reiki Principles
To help people realize that healing the spirit by consciously
deciding to improve one’s self is a necessary part of the Reiki
healing experience
For the reiki healing energy to have lasting results, client must
actively accept responsibility for his or her healing

Reiki Principles
The Ideals:
1. Just for today, do not anger
2. Just for today, do not worry
3. We must count our blessings and honor our fathers and

mothers, our teachers and neighbors and honor our food by
making no waste and show gratitude for all this also

Reiki Principles (con’t)
4. Make an honest living
5. Be kind to everything that has life

Reiki
Although everyone is born with ability to channel Reiki, a
person needs to be attuned to the frequency of its’ energy; like
moving the dial of a radio to pick up the right frequency or
radio station

Reiki
Traditional Reiki divided into several degrees

Reiki
During session client may feel tingling or heat, might see colors
or images, or nothing at all
Others have described feelings of detachment or almost as being
under anesthesia, feeling very light, peaceful, safe, secure,
refreshed

Reiki
Our world appears solid but has forces we may not see or feel;
gravity or radio or magnetic waves
These can influence our health and well being
Health articles report possible relationships between high
voltage power lines and an increase in childhood leukemias

Nurses often observe an increase in births, agitation in patients
with Alzheimer disease, visits to emergency departments during
full moons

Reiki
Vibrations or brainwaves, categorized as alpha, beta, theta, and
delta, communicate with each other and the rest of the body
Can be measured by EEG indicating the speed at which neurons
fire, measured in fractions of a second
Reiki practitioners begin to produce alpha waves when
centering themselves to begin a session

Reiki
Study:
48 healthy adults receiving Reiki and 10 medical students not
involved in Reiki
Reiki group demonstrated “significant change in the oxygen
carrying capabilities reflected by measurements of hemoglobin
and hematocrit values”

Reiki-Issues
No regulation or consistency in testing and licensure for
practitioners
No official regulating body

Reiki
Cannot only relieve pain and shorten surgery time, can also
increase quality of life for persons with chronic diseases (on the
increase)
Our population becoming older, healthcare costs rising, a need
exists for safe, effective and affordable interventions…

Lavf55.19.104
Massage Therapy and Therapeutic Touch
L. Amoia-Watters, Ed.D, CRNP, RN
HSNUR 414
Massage Therapy-Therapeutic TouchObjectives
Objectives
Define massage and massage techniques
Describe the mechanisms that account for the benefits of
massage
Describe research outcomes of massage for treating depression
and anxiety
Discuss indications and contraindications for using massage

Define therapeutic touch
List the physiologic effects documented from studies on
therapeutic touch
Discuss the operational steps required to practice therapeutic
touch. Define healing touch, and describe its history,
philosophy, and practice
Massage Therapy
Defined- intentional and systematic manipulation of the soft
tissue of the body, to enhance health and healing.
Application of touch and movement
3
Massage-Uses
Used in:
Bodywork
PT
Sports training
Nursing
Chiropractic
Osteopathy
Naturopathy
Massage
Classical Western Massage Techniques
These methods seek to organize and integrate the body in
relation to gravity by manipulating the soft tissues or correcting
inappropriate patterns of movement.

Expected outcome-balanced use of nervous system
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Massage-History
One of the oldest forms of health practice
The Yellow Emperor’s Classis of Internal Medicine-written
>2500 years ago
Many historical references to the use of massage
6
Massage-evolution
Evolution of Classical (Western)Massage
Pehr Henrik (1776-1839)-The General Principals of Symnastics.
Johann Mezger (1838-1909)-soft tissue manipulation into
effleurage (stroking), petrissage (kneading), friction (rubbing),
and tapotement (tapping)
Swedish Massage -1854-manipulation of soft tissue for
therapeutic purposes-psychological and physical.
1940-1950’s-decline
1960
1970
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Massage-Today
Dr. Tiffany Field-Touch Research Institute at University of
Miami (1991)
Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM) (1991)

1993-Massage 3rd most widely used alternative modality
.
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Massage-Philosophy
Vis medicatrix naturae-aiding the ability of the body to heal
itself
Increase health and well being
Benefits due to effects on musculoskeletal, circulatory,
lymphatic, nervous, and other body systems.
Massage-Mechanisms
Mechanical
Physiologic
Reflex
Mind-Body
Energetic
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Massage-Effects
Integumentary and Connective Tissues
Circulatory and Muscular Systems
Muscle soreness
Skeletal System
Nervous system
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Massage-Effects (cont.)
Relaxation
Decrease O2 consumptionmetabolic rate
Increased alpha brainwaves (aw deep relaxation)
Decr. BP
Decr. Muscle tension
Increased blood flow to limbs
Improved mood state
Improved quality of sleep
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Massage Benefits
Infants
Being applied in neonatal areas to promote growth and
development in premature infants
Studies show increase in weight in babies receiving massage
HIV+ Babies
Cocaine exposed infants
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Benefits of Massage
https://youtu.be/8mY8KwNZBmo
Massage indications
Relaxation and anxiety reduction
Enhanced circulation

Enhanced digestion and elimination
Enhanced development and growth of premature infants of
children who are not thriving because of touch deprivation
Bedridden who suffer from chronic disease that prevent
adequate exercise
.
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Massage-Contraindicated
Nausea, severe pain, fever, sever injury
Rashes, boils, open wounds, cold sores, skin infection
Pathologic condition that may spread through
lymph'scirculatory, swollen glands
Bleeding, bruising
Acute edema
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Therapeutic Touch
An intentionally directed process of energy modulation during
which practitioner uses the hands as a focus to facilitate healing
All persons are highly complex fields of life energy
Fields of energy are coextensive with the universe & in constant
interaction and exchange with surrounding energy fields,
including the human energy field
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Therapeutic Touch
Derived from ancient practice of laying on of hands but this is
not performed within a religious context
No direct skin-to-skin contact
1975 formal curriculum for graduate level nurses at NYU called
“Frontiers in Nursing”. RN’s in intensive care units and
emergency departments proved most interested in learning this
healing process
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Therapeutic Touch
Modulating these energy fields cans produce a healing effect
Physiologic effects include deep relaxation and facilitation of
the healing process
Intentionally directed process of energy modulation during
which practitioner uses hands as a focus to facilitate healing
Therapeutic Touch
Based on philosophy of holism and general systems theory
States that all persons are highly complex fields of various
forms of life energy

Therapeutic Touch
Application of TT:
Practitioner makes a mental intention to assist the recipient and
centers himself or herself
Practitioner moves hands over patient’s body, becoming attuned
to the condition of the patient by moving hands 2-4 inches over
patient’s body (generally not really touching the patient)
Clears and mobilizes the energy field by un-ruffling the
patient’s energy field in areas that are perceived as non flowing,
sluggish, congested or static
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Therapeutic Touch
Practitioner acts as conduit to this energy
Through a continuous interchange of their fields, the ill
person’s energy field tends to become increasingly similar to
that of the healthy person
Patient’s own self-healing mechanisms are stimulated
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Therapeutic Touch
Effects include deep relaxation and anxiety reduction; reduction
of pain; facilitation of the healing process

Decreased salivary and urine cortisol in Alzheimer patients
(decreased vocalization and pacing)
https://youtu.be/KkXbUvU9HuI (@1;30)
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Healing Touch
Relaxing, nurturing energy therapy
Balances physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well being
Works with your energy field to support natural ability to heal
Works in harmony w standard medical care
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Healing Touch
1993 Certification training for practice was established.
Five levels of training
One additional level for instructor
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Healing Touch
Research
No valid research
A quantitative study suggests HT helpful for decreasing stress
and anxiety, pain, nausea, insomnia, restlessness and patients in
critical care units

No clear evidence supports the efficacy
https://youtu.be/NDXz5uAXQrA
Lavf55.19.104
Chiropractic
L. Amoia-Watters, Ed.D, CRNP, RN
Objectives
Define Chiropractic
Define and explain subluxation
Summarize findings of chiropractic treatment for low back pain
and other MS conditions.
Discuss findings for chiropractic treatment for non
musculoskeletal conditions
Chiropractic
Cheir=hand, praktikos=done by
Focus of chiropractic is on the spine and its effects on the
nervous system
Chiropractic
History
Manipulation as a form of therapy has be used across time
through many cultures
17th century Greek, Roman, Cretan, Arabic, French, German,
Italian, etc reported using traction while pressure exerted on
specific spinal area.
Hippocrates was also a practitioner of manipulation (460-

370BC)
“Such extension would not do great harm, if well arranged,
unless one deliberately wanted to do harm”…(Hippocrates,
1959)
4
Chiropractic
History (cont)
Bonesetters: Middle ages and Renaissance
Sir Herbert
Osteopathy and Manipulation
Andrew Taylor Still-founder
1892 Opened school of osteopathy
1958 - >1300 osteopaths
1968- AMA began amalgamation of medicine and osteopathy
5
Chiropractic
D.D. Palmer 1845-1913)
First chiropractic adjustment 1895
Founder of Chiropractic
6
Chiropractic
Many years of conflicts with traditional medical practitioners

1929-1950 not one chiropractor passed licensing exam
1963 ex-servicemen becoming chiropractors, AMA began a
campaign to contain and eliminate chiropractic
AMA- “Committee on Quackery”
1937- 40/50 states passed licensing laws for Chiropractic
1974- Chiropractic education federally accredited and Doctors
of
Chiropractic were licensed in all 50 states
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Chiropractic
1976-federal lawsuit against the AMA and 6 other medical
associations charging “Antitrust” violations
1987- US District Court of ILL found the AMA and associates,
American College of Radiology, and American College of
Surgeons, guilty of conspiracy against chiropractic and in
violation of federal antitrust laws.
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chiropractic
Education
Minimum 2-4 years undergraduate study. Most requiring
undergraduate degree.
Chiropractic Curriculum-4 years full time and 4200 hours
course work
Typical coursework: AP; biochemistry; micro; pathology;
public health; physical, clinical, and laboratory diagnosis; gyn;
obstetrics; pediatrics, geriatrics, dermatology; x-ray; psych;
nutrition; ortho; PT; emergency med; spinal analysis; principles
and practice of chiropractic; adjusted techniques; research

methods and procedures.
Post graduate Specialization
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Chiropractic
Philosophy
Spine and Nervous system
Subluxation
Adjustment
10
11
Chiropractic
Physiology
Nervous System
Spinal column
Balance of CNS, ANS, PNS
.
12
Chiropractic

Mechanisms and Practice
Spinal Manipulation
Patient management
Lifestyle counseling
Nutritional management
Rehabilitation
Physiotherapy
13
chiropractic
Diagnostics
Observation
Xray
Palpation
Treatment
Spinous processes
Treatment-manipulation by application of force to spinous
processes, joints, and other tissues of the body.
-other techniques; mobilization
14
chiropractic
Innate Intelligence
Homeostasis of the body to heal itself
15

chiropractic
Adjustment-mainstay of chiropractic
Manual and mechanical intervention
Highlow velocity (speed)
Short or long lever (direct application to spinous processes)
High or low amplitude (force)
With or without recoid
Directed at specific joints or anatomic regions
Purpose of these moves is to remove the subluxation
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chiropractic
Joint movement
Active end range
Passive end range-AKA-physiologic joint space
Anatomic end range
Manipulation refers to passive movement of low amplitude and
high velocity, which moves the joint into the paraphysiologic
range.
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Chiropractic
Techniques
Direct Thrust
Indirect Thrust
Soft Tissue
Other tools

18
Chiropractic
Why use it?
Chiropractors are the second largest group of primary care
providers in the USA. It’s the most widely indigenous American
system of healing and, today, is the most frequently used
alternative health care profession in the USA.
Chiropractic
Why use it?
#1-Back pain-patients with back pain report being more
satisfied with chiropractic treatment than conventional medical
care.
Low back pain
Lumbar disk disease
Neck pain
Headache pain
Tension headaches
20
Chiropractic
Non musculoskeletal Conditions (efficacy found)
Menstrual pain
Colic in infants
Carpel Tunnel Syndrome
21

chiropractic
Contraindications
Vascular complications (compromised vertebral arteries)
Aneurysm
Tumors of lungs, thyroid, prostate, breast, bone
Bone infections (TB or bacterial)
Traumatic injuries (fractures)
Arthritis
Clotting disorders
Neurologic complications-sacral nerve root involvement from
disk protrusion
Chiropractic
Complications
Very low risk but include paraplegia and death
From 1950-1980; 135 serious complications, 18 deaths
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ObjectivesDefine acupunctureDiscuss philosophy of

acupunctureDefine benefits of acupuncture for treating various
health issues. Discuss elements and meridians of
AcupunctureExplain the 8 principalsDescribe the 3 treasures
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Definition of AcupunctureIt is one of the oldest systems of
healing in the worldIt is one of he most researched forms of
complementary medicinesIt is a potent intervention when paired
with traditional medicineThe normal application involves
placing needles in the skin in specific areas that stimulate the
healing properties of the body
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Philosophy of Acupuncture
The philosophy of Acupuncture is based on the following
principlesTaoYin and Yang TheoryThe Eight PrinciplesThe
Three TreasuresFive Elements
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The Tao
Is interpreted as the path or way of lifeEverything takes place

within a context of flux, interconnectedness and
dynamismPurpose is to return the person who is expressing
disharmony in mind, body, emotion or behavior to a state of
harmony, balance and well being
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Yin and Yang Theory
A Chinese theory – it is the logic that explains relationships,
patterns and changeThe theory describes how things function in
relation to each other and the universe
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Eight Principles
The pattern within the patients symptomsThe principles patterns
subdivide Yin-Yang into six subcategoriesThe eight principle
patterns are composed of 4 pairs of polar opposites
Yin and Yang Theory
Interior and Exterior
Deficiency and Excess
Hot and cold
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Eight Principles (Cont)Each patient has a unique relationship
between his or her own bodily signs and overall movement of
Yin and Yang TheoryThe physician uses the patterns to build a
matrix between particular clinical signs and Yin and Yang
theory, leading to a medical diagnosis and treatment planAn
example – illness described as internal, deficient, cold, meaning
the illness is internal, one of weakness and has a cold nature
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Three Treasures
The three treasures are Shen, Jing, QIShen- the spiritIt brings
light and joy to lifeA concept responsible for consciousness and
is associated with the force of human personality, the ability to
think, discriminate and choose appropriately
“Shen is the awareness that shines out of our eyes when we are
truly awake”.
.
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JingThe substance of organic lifeThe
essence of our being, the substance that underlies all organic
life and the source of organic change.It is the basis of
reproduction and development.A person is born with a set
number of Jing for life, once they are gone they can’t be
restoredJing is preserved by temperate living and

acupunctureJing is depleted through reckless living
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QI
It is vital energy in a state of transformationIt is matter on the
verge of becoming energy or energy at the point of
materializingHarmony depends on unobstructed flow of QIChi
flows through the 12 major meridians (pathways or channels) of
the body
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Five Functions of QI
Source of all movement in the body and accompanies all
movement
Protects the body against pathogens
Transforms things like ingested food into energy
Governs retention of body’s substances and organs keeps
everything in
Warms the body- maintains normal heat in the body
*

Five Elements
Yin and Yang Theory subdivides into a system called the five
elementsEach element denotes a category of related functions
and qualities and allows additional tools for diagnosisThe
elements are:
Wood
Fire
Earth
Metal
Water
*
Five Elements ExplainedWood – functions in a growing
phaseFire – functions reached a maximum activity level and are
on the declineMetal – Functions in a declining stateWater –
represents a maximum state of rest heading toward the direction
of activityEarth – represents balance of neutrality it is a buffer
among the other elementsThe elements allow distinctions
concerning the direction of change of the Yin and Yang Theory
*
Methods of Acupuncture
The traditional method is puncturing the skin with needles along
specific points in the meridians in order to stimulate those

points for therapeutic purposesPractitioners may also apply
heat, pressure, friction or suctionImpulses' of electromagnetic
stimulation may also be applied directly to the needle points
*
Meridians of AcupunctureThe human body has a bio-
energy circulation system similar to the blood circulation
systemBio-energy flows along 12 main meridians or
channelsThese channels are symmetrical on each side of the
body, each pair being related to a specific organThere are two
single meridians following the midline of the body, one at the
front and the other along the spineChi flows through the 12
major meridians (pathways or channels) of the body
*
Meridians of Acupuncture
Points are distributed along the meridiansThese points are
transformer stations through which bio-energy flows into
muscle structure to allow organized activity to take placeThe
purpose of placing the needles along these points on the
meridian is to accelerate healing by balancing the energy
between these pointsChi flows through the 12 major meridians

*
Meridians
Bladder
Circulation
Conception
Gallbladder
Gland Meridian
Governing Meridian
Heart
Kidney
Large Intestine
*
Meridians Continued
Liver
Lung
Small Intestine
Spleen
Stomach
http://www.health-science-spirit.com/meridians.html
*

Meridian PointsWhen the main organ is inflamed
most points along its meridian will be tenderSource points – are
the points located around the ankles and wrists and are
especially useful for diagnosing and treating the specific
organIn disease imbalances develop in energy flows, causing
the transformer points to become irritated or congestedThe
congestion results in pain or weakness in the surrounding
musclesStimulating these points with needles helps to normalize
the impaired condition
*
ConclusionsAcupuncture is one of the oldest
systems of healing in the worldIt has few side effectsIt is a
powerful invention for treating issues that traditional medical
approaches inadequately addressIt works by correcting the
balance of the Qi in the bodyThe philosophy of acupuncture is
based on the principle of Tao, Yin and Yang Theory, the eight
principles, the three treasures and five elements
*
ReferencesStay tuned for our guest speaker!
http://www.health-science-
spirit.com/merdians.htmlhttp://www.acumedico.com/meridians.
htmlhttp://go.to/chinahealth.comMosby’s Complementary &
Alternative Medicine – A Research-Based Approach, 3rd
Edition by Lyn

Freemanhttp://beyondwellbeing.com/herbs/tongue-
diagnosis.shtml
*
Chapter 14
Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy

Smell is a potent wizard that transports us across a thousand
miles and all the years we have lived.
Helen Keller
Aromatherapy
Objectives
Define aromatherapy
Define essential oil
Discuss history of essential oil
Evaluate research surrounding use of aromatherapy
Aromatherapy
Definitions
History

Philosophy and Definitions
Aromatherapy
Methods of Use
Inhalation
Topical
Vaginal
Mouthwash, gargles
Oral

Aromatherapy
The “M” technique
Registered method of touch, suitable for very fragile, actively
dying, or when caregiver not trained in massage. Series of
gentle stroking movements performed in a sequence. Called
“m-ing” their patients
https://youtu.be/OfZxM6jTr9s
Aromatherapy
Prevalence
Safety
Specific precautions
“Pure , Undiluted Essential Oil”
Toxicologic effects
Learned Memory

Aromatherapy
Common Symptoms Ameliorated by Aromatherapy
Stress
Infection
Antibacterial Activity
Antifungal Activity
Antiviral Activity
Nausea
Insomnia

Music TherapyL.Amoia-Watters, Ed.D. MSN, CRNP, RN

Music TherapyL.Amoia-Watters, Ed.D. MSN, CRNP, RN

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